Fix: don't be overeager in prefix match for memory store

src/zarr/storage/_memory.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from zarr.core.buffer import Buffer, gpu
 from zarr.core.buffer.core import default_buffer_prototype
 from zarr.core.common import concurrent_map
-from zarr.storage._utils import _normalize_byte_range_index
+from zarr.storage._utils import _normalize_byte_range_index, _normalize_prefix
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterable, MutableMapping
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ async def list(self) -> AsyncIterator[str]:
     async def list_prefix(self, prefix: str) -> AsyncIterator[str]:
         # docstring inherited
         # note: we materialize all dict keys into a list here so we can mutate the dict in-place (e.g. in delete_prefix)
+        prefix = _normalize_prefix(prefix)
         for key in list(self._store_dict):
             if key.startswith(prefix):
                 yield key

src/zarr/storage/_utils.py

@@ -13,6 +13,17 @@
     from zarr.core.buffer import Buffer
 
 
+def _normalize_prefix(prefix: str) -> str:
+    """Normalize a store prefix to ensure it has a trailing slash.
+
+    This ensures that prefix matching uses directory-like semantics,
+    so that e.g. prefix "a" does not match keys under "a_extra/".
+    """
+    if prefix != "" and not prefix.endswith("/"):
+        return prefix + "/"
+    return prefix
+
+
 def normalize_path(path: str | bytes | Path | None) -> str:
     if path is None:
         result = ""

src/zarr/storage/_zip.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     SuffixByteRequest,
 )
 from zarr.core.buffer import Buffer, BufferPrototype
+from zarr.storage._utils import _normalize_prefix
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterable
@@ -261,6 +262,7 @@ async def list(self) -> AsyncIterator[str]:
 
     async def list_prefix(self, prefix: str) -> AsyncIterator[str]:
         # docstring inherited
+        prefix = _normalize_prefix(prefix)
         async for key in self.list():
             if key.startswith(prefix):
                 yield key

src/zarr/testing/store.py

@@ -442,23 +442,40 @@ async def test_list(self, store: S) -> None:
     async def test_list_prefix(self, store: S) -> None:
         """
         Test that the `list_prefix` method works as intended. Given a prefix, it should return
-        all the keys in storage that start with this prefix.
+        all the keys under that prefix, treating the prefix as a directory path.
         """
-        prefixes = ("", "a/", "a/b/", "a/b/c/")
         data = self.buffer_cls.from_bytes(b"")
-        fname = "zarr.json"
-        store_dict = {p + fname: data for p in prefixes}
-
+        store_dict = {
+            "zarr.json": data,
+            "a/zarr.json": data,
+            "a/b/zarr.json": data,
+            "a/b/c/zarr.json": data,
+            "a_extra/zarr.json": data,
+        }
         await store._set_many(store_dict.items())
+        all_keys = sorted(store_dict.keys())
+
+        a_keys = ["a/b/c/zarr.json", "a/b/zarr.json", "a/zarr.json"]
+        ab_keys = ["a/b/c/zarr.json", "a/b/zarr.json"]
+
+        test_cases: dict[str, list[str]] = {
+            "": all_keys,
+            "a/": a_keys,
+            "a/b/": ab_keys,
+            "a/b/c/": ["a/b/c/zarr.json"],
+            "a_extra/": ["a_extra/zarr.json"],
+            "a": a_keys,
+            "a/b": ab_keys,
+            "a/b/c": ["a/b/c/zarr.json"],
+            "a_extra": ["a_extra/zarr.json"],
+            "a_e": [],
+            "b": [],
+            "b/": [],
+        }
 
-        for prefix in prefixes:
-            observed = tuple(sorted(await _collect_aiterator(store.list_prefix(prefix))))
-            expected: tuple[str, ...] = ()
-            for key in store_dict:
-                if key.startswith(prefix):
-                    expected += (key,)
-            expected = tuple(sorted(expected))
-            assert observed == expected
+        for prefix, expected in test_cases.items():
+            observed = sorted(await _collect_aiterator(store.list_prefix(prefix)))
+            assert observed == expected, f"list_prefix({prefix!r}): {observed} != {expected}"
 
     async def test_list_empty_path(self, store: S) -> None:
         """

tests/test_store/test_memory.py

@@ -57,9 +57,6 @@ def test_store_supports_writes(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
     def test_store_supports_listing(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
         assert store.supports_listing
 
-    async def test_list_prefix(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
-        assert True
-
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", ["uint8", "float32", "int64"])
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("zarr_format", [2, 3])
     async def test_deterministic_size(
@@ -163,9 +160,6 @@ def test_store_supports_writes(self, store: GpuMemoryStore) -> None:
     def test_store_supports_listing(self, store: GpuMemoryStore) -> None:
         assert store.supports_listing
 
-    async def test_list_prefix(self, store: GpuMemoryStore) -> None:
-        assert True
-
     def test_dict_reference(self, store: GpuMemoryStore) -> None:
         store_dict: dict[str, Any] = {}
         result = GpuMemoryStore(store_dict=store_dict)