Add new scripts for creating Docker containers to enable better testing of TFQ builds

release/docker/Dockerfile

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+# Copyright 2025 The TensorFlow Quantum Authors
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+# =============================================================================
+
+# Summary: build file for making isolated Docker environments for testing.
+# This accepts 2 optional build arguments to set the Ubuntu & Python versions.
+# Usage example:
+#
+#   docker build --no-cache --build-arg PYTHON_VERSION=3.10 \
+#     --build-arg UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04 -t my-image:latest .
+#
+# Note that the name and tag ("my-image" and "latest" in the example above) are
+# yours to choose. They're not set using the arguments or linked to their values.
+
+# Default values for build arguments:
+ARG PYTHON_VERSION=3.10
+ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
+
+FROM ubuntu:${UBUNTU_VERSION}
+
+# Make the Python version argument visible to the rest of this file after FROM.
+ARG PYTHON_VERSION
+ENV PYTHON_VERSION=${PYTHON_VERSION}
+
+ENV LANG=C.UTF-8
+ENV LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+# Ensure the shell is Bash.
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
+
+# Tell the Dockerfile linter not to warn about how we use apt.
+# hadolint global ignore=DL3008,DL3009
+
+RUN apt-get -q update -q && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates \
+         pkg-config gnupg curl lsb-release git zip unzip
+
+# We avoid the use of "add-apt-repository" because it is only available from the
+# "software-properties-common" package, and installing that package brings in a
+# lot of other unrelated unnecessary packages. Instead, we fetch the GPG key for
+# the deadsnakes package archive and install it where apt can find it.
+ENV ID=0xF23C5A6CF475977595C89F51BA6932366A755776
+ENV GPG_FILE="/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/deadsnakes.gpg"
+RUN curl -sSL "https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&search=${ID}" | \
+    gpg --dearmor -o ${GPG_FILE}
+
+ENV PPA_URL="https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu"
+ENV APT_FILE="/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deadsnakes.list"
+RUN echo "deb [signed-by=${GPG_FILE}] ${PPA_URL} $(lsb_release -cs) main" > "${APT_FILE}"
+
+RUN apt-get -q update -q && \
+    apt-get install -yq --no-install-recommends make clang g++ zlib1g-dev \
+        python${PYTHON_VERSION} python${PYTHON_VERSION}-dev \
+        python${PYTHON_VERSION}-venv python-is-python3
+
+# Use update-alternatives to make the desired version be the default.
+# hadolint ignore=SC3010
+RUN python_path="" bin="/usr/bin" && \
+    case "$(lsb_release -rs)" in \
+        "24.04") python_path="${bin}/python3.12" ;; \
+        "22.04") python_path="${bin}/python3.10" ;; \
+        "20.04") python_path="${bin}/python3.8"  ;; \
+        *) python_path=$(readlink -f ${bin}/python3) ;; \
+    esac && \
+    update-alternatives --install ${bin}/python3 python3 "${python_path}" 1 && \
+    update-alternatives --install ${bin}/python3 python3 "${bin}/python${PYTHON_VERSION}" 2
+
+# Install pip, trying ensurepip first and falling back to get-pip.py.
+RUN export PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES=1 PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION=ignore && \
+    (python3 -m ensurepip --upgrade --default-pip || \
+        (curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3)) && \
+    python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade 'pip>19'
+
+# Clean up before finishing.
+RUN apt-get clean
+
+CMD ["/bin/bash"]

release/docker/README.md

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+# Docker images for basic testing
+
+This directory contains a [`Dockerfile`](Dockerfile) for creating Ubuntu
+containers with Python installed and very little else compared to the stock
+Ubuntu images from https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu/. These can be used for
+testing TensorFlow Quantum builds and tutorials in relatively isolated
+environments.
+
+The script [`create_docker_images.sh`](create_docker_images.sh) creates separate
+images with a range of Python versions installed in Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04. The
+result is a set of images with names like `ubuntu22-cp39`, `ubuntu22-cp310`,
+etc. The script `create_docker_images.sh` is meant to be run simply like this:
+
+```shell
+./create_docker_images.sh
+```
+
+The configuration in `Dockerfile` runs a Bash shell as the last step if a
+container is not started with any other command to run. When combined with
+Docker's `-v` argument, you can easily run commands inside the container
+environment while accessing your TensorFlow Quantum source files. For example:
+
+```shell
+# The next cd command moves to the root of the source tree.
+cd $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
+docker run -it --rm --network host -v .:/tfq ubuntu24-cp312
+```
+
+will leave you with a shell prompt inside a basic Ubuntu 24.04 environment with
+Python 3.12 preinstalled and your local TensorFlow Quantum source directory
+accessible at `/tfq` from inside the container.

release/docker/create_docker_images.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+# Copyright 2025 The TensorFlow Quantum Authors
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+# =============================================================================
+
+# Summary: create a set of Docker images for testing TFQ distributions.
+# This loops over a set of Ubuntu versions and Python versions, and builds
+# Docker images using the Dockerfile in this directory.
+#
+# Example of how the resulting images can be run
+#   docker run -it --rm --network host -v .:/tfq ubuntu22-cp39
+
+set -e
+
+declare -a ubuntu_versions=()
+declare -a python_versions=()
+
+ubuntu_versions+=( "22.04" "24.04" )
+python_versions+=( "3.10" "3.11" "3.12" "3.13" )
+
+usage="Usage: ${0} [OPTIONS]
+
+Build a set of basic Ubuntu Linux x86_64 Docker images with
+Python preinstalled.
+
+General options:
+  -h     Show this help message and exit
+  -v     Run Docker build with verbose progress output"
+
+while getopts "hv" opt; do
+  case "${opt}" in
+        h) echo "${usage}"; exit 0 ;;
+        v) export BUILDKIT_PROGRESS=plain ;;
+        ?) echo "${usage}"; exit 1 ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+total_items=$(( ${#ubuntu_versions[@]} * ${#python_versions[@]}))
+echo "Building a total of ${total_items} Docker images."
+
+start_time="$(date +"%Y-%m-%d-%H%M")"
+for os_version in "${ubuntu_versions[@]}"; do
+    for py_version in "${python_versions[@]}"; do
+        echo
+        echo "~~~~ Python ${py_version} on Ubuntu ${os_version}"
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2086  # Lack of quotes around vars is ok here.
+        docker build --no-cache --label "build-datetime=${start_time}" \
+            --build-arg PYTHON_VERSION="${py_version}" \
+            --build-arg UBUNTU_VERSION="${os_version}" \
+            -t ubuntu${os_version%%.*}-cp${py_version//./}:latest .
+    done
+done
+
+echo
+echo "~~~~ Done. The following Docker images were created:"
+echo
+docker images --filter "label=build-datetime=${start_time}"