[anneal][v2] Add Cargo workspace resolution and target resolution logic

[mdittmer]

TAG=agy

Resolve Cargo requests into explicit package, target, and target-kind artifacts instead of preserving only user-facing Cargo flags for later Charon invocation. This keeps downstream stages from relying on Cargo output conventions whose shape depends on flags and workspace configuration.

A future single charon cargo invocation strategy would need to account for these hazards:

• one --dest-file is unsafe when Cargo selects multiple primary units, since multiple Charon driver invocations can race on that path;
• Charon directory output is named by Rust crate name, so workspace packages can collide when they share [lib] name;
• target selectors such as --tests, --bins, and default selection can produce extra or multiple artifacts;
• Charon options such as --start-from and --opaque are invocation-wide and would be applied to every selected target;
• lib+bin package builds may compile a sibling library under RUSTC_WRAPPER, which can fail if that library is translated instead of producing the rlib the bin needs.

---

• 　  [anneal] Audit cached Lean artifacts against clean builds #3486
• 　  [anneal] Prime Lake traces in one server traversal #3485
• 　  [anneal][v2] Implement out-of-tree dependency chasing for generate command #3405
• 　  [anneal][v2] Add charon execution engine, generate command CLI, and integration tests #3404
• 　  [anneal][v2] Add pinned charon_lib dependency #3418
• 　  [anneal][v2] Add scanner module to map workspace packages to AnnealArtifacts #3402
• 👉 [anneal][v2] Add Cargo workspace resolution and target resolution logic #3401
• 　  [anneal][v2] Add exocrate toolchain setup and Toolchain resolver #3400
• 　  [anneal][v2] Include Cargo in exocrate Rust toolchain #3463
• 　  [anneal][v2] Compile merged util module at stack base #3474

Latest Update: v45 — Compare vs v44

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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 91.85%. Comparing base (5559e8c) to head (33a51b1).

Additional details and impacted files

@@                        Coverage Diff                         @@
##           Gbbpbt76nsgp2ohpclea46vot5joxx7b5    #3401   +/-   ##
==================================================================
  Coverage                              91.85%   91.85%           
==================================================================
  Files                                     20       20           
  Lines                                   6093     6093           
==================================================================
  Hits                                    5597     5597           
  Misses                                   496      496           

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[github-actions]

🤖 Optimistically Approved: Changes appear scoped. Final strict verification will occur in the Merge Queue.

[github-actions]

🤖 Optimistically Approved: Changes appear scoped. Final strict verification will occur in the Merge Queue.

[joshlf]

Note to self: This approach sounds good, and I'm happy to approve. The code itself is mostly copied and slightly modified from the v1 equivalent, so I just need to review for small details.