chroot: extract proper error message from OS

[oech3]

Closes #13881
Fixes #13156
Closes #13178

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will improve performance by 5.26%

⚠️ Different runtime environments detected

Some benchmarks with significant performance changes were compared across different runtime environments,
which may affect the accuracy of the results.

Open the report in CodSpeed to investigate

⚡ 2 improved benchmarks
✅ 345 untouched benchmarks
⏩ 46 skipped benchmarks¹

Performance Changes

	Mode	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
⚡	Simulation	du_max_depth_balanced_tree[(6, 4, 10)]	65.2 ms	61.8 ms	+5.48%
⚡	Simulation	du_summarize_balanced_tree[(5, 4, 10)]	16.8 ms	16 ms	+5.04%

Tip

Curious why this is faster? Comment @codspeedbot explain why this is faster on this PR, or directly use the CodSpeed MCP with your agent.

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_{Comparing oech3:chroot-is-dir (635d815) with main (822aa83)}

Footnotes

1. 46 benchmarks were skipped, so the baseline results were used instead. If they were deleted from the codebase, click here and archive them to remove them from the performance reports. ↩