[pull] main from python:main

Doc/library/random.rst

@@ -634,11 +634,12 @@ from the combinatoric iterators in the :mod:`itertools` module
 or the :pypi:`more-itertools` project:
 
 .. testcode::
+
    import random
 
-   def random_product(*args, repeat=1):
-       "Random selection from itertools.product(*args, **kwds)"
-       pools = [tuple(pool) for pool in args] * repeat
+   def random_product(*iterables, repeat=1):
+       "Random selection from itertools.product(*iterables, repeat=repeat)"
+       pools = tuple(map(tuple, iterables)) * repeat
        return tuple(map(random.choice, pools))
 
    def random_permutation(iterable, r=None):
@@ -663,15 +664,89 @@ or the :pypi:`more-itertools` project:
        return tuple(pool[i] for i in indices)
 
    def random_derangement(iterable):
-       "Choose a permutation where no element is in its original position."
+       "Choose a permutation where no element stays in its original position."
        seq = tuple(iterable)
        if len(seq) < 2:
-           raise ValueError('derangements require at least two values')
-       perm = list(seq)
+           if not seq:
+               return ()
+           raise IndexError('No derangments to choose from')
+       perm = list(range(len(seq)))
+       start = tuple(perm)
        while True:
            random.shuffle(perm)
-           if all(p != q for p, q in zip(seq, perm)):
-               return tuple(perm)
+           if all(p != q for p, q in zip(start, perm)):
+               return tuple([seq[i] for i in perm])
+
+.. doctest::
+    :hide:
+
+    >>> import random
+
+
+    >>> random.seed(8675309)
+    >>> random_product('ABCDEFG', repeat=5)
+    ('D', 'B', 'E', 'F', 'E')
+
+
+    >>> random.seed(8675309)
+    >>> random_permutation('ABCDEFG')
+    ('D', 'B', 'E', 'C', 'G', 'A', 'F')
+    >>> random_permutation('ABCDEFG', 5)
+    ('A', 'G', 'D', 'C', 'B')
+
+
+    >>> random.seed(8675309)
+    >>> random_combination('ABCDEFG', 7)
+    ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G')
+    >>> random_combination('ABCDEFG', 6)
+    ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'F', 'G')
+    >>> random_combination('ABCDEFG', 5)
+    ('A', 'B', 'C', 'E', 'F')
+    >>> random_combination('ABCDEFG', 4)
+    ('B', 'C', 'D', 'G')
+    >>> random_combination('ABCDEFG', 3)
+    ('B', 'E', 'G')
+    >>> random_combination('ABCDEFG', 2)
+    ('E', 'G')
+    >>> random_combination('ABCDEFG', 1)
+    ('C',)
+    >>> random_combination('ABCDEFG', 0)
+    ()
+
+
+    >>> random.seed(8675309)
+    >>> random_combination_with_replacement('ABCDEFG', 7)
+    ('B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'G')
+    >>> random_combination_with_replacement('ABCDEFG', 3)
+    ('A', 'B', 'E')
+    >>> random_combination_with_replacement('ABCDEFG', 2)
+    ('A', 'G')
+    >>> random_combination_with_replacement('ABCDEFG', 1)
+    ('E',)
+    >>> random_combination_with_replacement('ABCDEFG', 0)
+    ()
+
+
+    >>> random.seed(8675309)
+    >>> random_derangement('')
+    ()
+    >>> random_derangement('A')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    IndexError: No derangments to choose from
+    >>> random_derangement('AB')
+    ('B', 'A')
+    >>> random_derangement('ABC')
+    ('C', 'A', 'B')
+    >>> random_derangement('ABCD')
+    ('B', 'A', 'D', 'C')
+    >>> random_derangement('ABCDE')
+    ('B', 'C', 'A', 'E', 'D')
+    >>> # Identical inputs treated as distinct
+    >>> identical = 20
+    >>> random_derangement((10, identical, 30, identical))
+    (20, 30, 10, 20)
+
 
 The default :func:`.random` returns multiples of 2⁻⁵³ in the range
 *0.0 ≤ x < 1.0*.  All such numbers are evenly spaced and are exactly

Lib/multiprocessing/forkserver.py

@@ -152,6 +152,8 @@ def ensure_running(self):
                     main_kws['sys_path'] = data['sys_path']
                 if 'init_main_from_path' in data:
                     main_kws['main_path'] = data['init_main_from_path']
+                if 'sys_argv' in data:
+                    main_kws['sys_argv'] = data['sys_argv']
 
             with socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX) as listener:
                 address = connection.arbitrary_address('AF_UNIX')
@@ -197,7 +199,7 @@ def ensure_running(self):
 #
 
 def main(listener_fd, alive_r, preload, main_path=None, sys_path=None,
-         *, authkey_r=None):
+         *, sys_argv=None, authkey_r=None):
     """Run forkserver."""
     if authkey_r is not None:
         try:
@@ -209,6 +211,8 @@ def main(listener_fd, alive_r, preload, main_path=None, sys_path=None,
         authkey = b''
 
     if preload:
+        if sys_argv is not None:
+            sys.argv[:] = sys_argv
         if sys_path is not None:
             sys.path[:] = sys_path
         if '__main__' in preload and main_path is not None:

Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py

@@ -7086,6 +7086,26 @@ def test_preload_main(self):
         out = out.decode().split("\n")
         self.assertEqual(out, ['__main__', '__mp_main__', 'f', 'f', ''])
 
+    def test_preload_main_sys_argv(self):
+        # gh-143706: Check that sys.argv is set before __main__ is pre-loaded
+        if multiprocessing.get_start_method() != "forkserver":
+            self.skipTest("forkserver specific test")
+
+        name = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'mp_preload_sysargv.py')
+        _, out, err = test.support.script_helper.assert_python_ok(
+            name, 'foo', 'bar')
+        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
+
+        out = out.decode().split("\n")
+        expected_argv = "['foo', 'bar']"
+        self.assertEqual(out, [
+            f"module:{expected_argv}",
+            f"fun:{expected_argv}",
+            f"module:{expected_argv}",
+            f"fun:{expected_argv}",
+            '',
+        ])
+
 #
 # Mixins
 #

Lib/test/mp_preload_sysargv.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# gh-143706: Test that sys.argv is correctly set during main module import
+# when using forkserver with __main__ preloading.
+
+import multiprocessing
+import sys
+
+# This will be printed during module import - sys.argv should be correct here
+print(f"module:{sys.argv[1:]}")
+
+def fun():
+    # This will be printed when the function is called
+    print(f"fun:{sys.argv[1:]}")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    ctx = multiprocessing.get_context("forkserver")
+    ctx.set_forkserver_preload(['__main__'])
+
+    fun()
+
+    p = ctx.Process(target=fun)
+    p.start()
+    p.join()

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-01-12-07-17-38.gh-issue-143706.sysArgv.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Fix :mod:`multiprocessing` forkserver so that :data:`sys.argv` is correctly
+set before ``__main__`` is preloaded. Previously, :data:`sys.argv` was empty
+during main module import in forkserver child processes. This fixes a
+regression introduced in 3.13.8 and 3.14.1. Root caused by Aaron Wieczorek,
+test provided by Thomas Watson, thanks!