Update core extension

[simolus3]

This updates the core extension to version 0.5.1. It follows the usual checklist of updating wa-sqlite, sql-js, node, react-native and capacitor. For sql-js, this also refactors update notifications to use the core extension instead of JavaScript callbacks.

Breaking changes in the core extension update are:

1. Time values are now encoded as microsecond timestamps (instead of seconds). Closes @powersync/common: clarify or preserve SyncStreamStatus.subscription.lastSyncedAt precision #945.
2. The $local bucket has been replaced with the powersync_control('target_checkpoint_request_id') interface.
3. Initialization and schema-update functions must be called in transactions. We already fixed this in the JS SDK because implicit transactions also broke the OPFS writeahead VFS, there was just one missing case in a test.

This also makes @journeyapps/wa-sqlite a regular instead of a peer-dependency, meaning that users won't have to worry about keeping these packages in sync. We depend on an exact version of wa-sqlite now, allowing us to land subsequent core extension updates without another major bump on that package.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3c80898

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 8 packages

Name	Type
@powersync/capacitor	Patch
@powersync/nuxt	Patch
@powersync/web	Patch
@powersync/adapter-sql-js	Patch
@powersync/node	Patch
@powersync/react-native	Patch
@powersync/shared-internals	Patch
@powersync/diagnostics-app	Patch

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