test: add test case in debezium protocol (#5606)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #5606

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #5605

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Questions

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Summary by CodeRabbit

• Tests
  • Updated database integration test data to cover an expanded table schema and additional insert/update scenarios.
  • Added coverage for rows with a new text field, a newly added column, and a default-value insert.

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request updates the integration test SQL data for the debezium_basic test. Specifically, it adds a new c_varchar column to the tp_time table, updates the existing insert statements to populate this column, and introduces an ALTER TABLE statement to add a c_newcol column followed by an empty insert. There are no review comments, and I have no feedback to provide.

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[wk989898]

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