readline: support kitty keyboard protocol

[jechol]

Summary

• fix Node REPL and readline key handling when VS Code's integrated terminal uses kitty keyboard protocol
• add kitty CSI-u key parsing to the readline keypress decoder
• enable kitty keyboard protocol automatically for terminal readline sessions and restore legacy mode on close
• add a tty.WriteStream#setKeyboardProtocol() API plus regression coverage

This is intended to address the regression where in the VS Code integrated terminal stops handling keys like Backspace and Ctrl+C correctly once kitty keyboard protocol is enabled. VS Code 1.109 release notes call out that kitty keyboard support is available to all users, which makes the readline/REPL incompatibility user-visible in the default terminal experience.

It is also worth calling out that Node does not need to be the component that explicitly enables kitty mode for this to break. In practice, the terminal host can already have kitty keyboard protocol enabled before starts reading stdin. That is the same compatibility shape discussed in the linked Erlang/OTP thread: the application may receive kitty CSI-u sequences simply because the surrounding terminal environment opted in earlier.

References:

• https://code.visualstudio.com/updates/v1_109
• Fix shell input when terminals use kitty keyboard protocol erlang/otp#10827 (comment)

Testing

• python3 tools/test.py test/parallel/test-readline-keys.js
• python3 tools/test.py test/parallel/test-readline-emit-keypress-events.js
• python3 tools/test.py test/parallel/test-readline-set-raw-mode.js

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 86.61972% with 19 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 89.64%. Comparing base (ae228c1) to head (42441a1).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
lib/internal/readline/utils.js	90.09%	10 Missing ⚠️
lib/tty.js	67.85%	9 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #62186      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.65%   89.64%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         676      676              
  Lines      206546   206669     +123     
  Branches    39558    39584      +26     
==========================================
+ Hits       185179   185274      +95     
- Misses      13485    13517      +32     
+ Partials     7882     7878       -4     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/readline/interface.js	97.42% <100.00%> (+0.08%)	⬆️
lib/tty.js	91.83% <67.85%> (-4.00%)	⬇️
lib/internal/readline/utils.js	97.19% <90.09%> (-1.15%)	⬇️

... and 30 files with indirect coverage changes

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[addaleax]

@jechol Heya! I hope you don't mind me asking, why did you end up closing this PR? It was something I had earmarked as something I could be a potential reviewer for, just hadn't gotten around to it yet, but it seemed like something we'd potentially find desirable to have in Node.js