Enable context injection into resources

[jonvet]

closes #244

Motivation and Context

According to the readme it should be possible to pass a Context to a resource (like it is for tools), but that's currently throwing an error (#244)

How Has This Been Tested?

Added tests, and confirmed with inspector that the below demo server works as intended:

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP, Context

mcp = FastMCP("Demo")


@mcp.resource("identification://{name}")
def get_ids(name: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    request_id = ctx.request_id
    client_id = ctx.client_id
    return str(f"{request_id},{client_id}")

Breaking Changes

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• Documentation update

Checklist

• I have read the MCP Documentation
• My code follows the repository's style guidelines
• New and existing tests pass locally
• I have added appropriate error handling
• I have added or updated documentation as needed

Additional context

I tried to follow a similar structure to the way context is injected in tools

[fubuloubu]

I tested this and it works for me

[fubuloubu]

@dsp-ant any updates with this one? useful for me

[NetanelBollag]

Waiting for this to be fixed too 🫶

[fubuloubu]

@dsp-ant I rebased this PR here: #413

I have been testing with this fix and it works perfectly

[jonvet]

@dsp-ant is there anything we can do to get a review on this PR?

[mcp-shadow]

Thank you for your contribution to the MCP Python SDK! This is a valuable fix that enables resource functions to properly access the Context object, bringing them on par with tools.

As noted by project members, the implementation is working well for the basic case of injecting the Context. However, PR #413 has been created as a rebased version of your PR and is already being tracked in a milestone. Given that the code changes are essentially the same, we'll proceed with PR #413 to avoid duplication.