feat(pubsub): implement streaming keep-alive logic

google-cloud-pubsub/lib/google/cloud/pubsub/message_listener/stream.rb

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class Stream
           ##
           # @private exactly_once_delivery_enabled.
           attr_reader :exactly_once_delivery_enabled
+          attr_accessor :keepalive_interval, :pong_deadline
 
           ##
           # @private Create an empty Subscriber::Stream object.
@@ -68,24 +69,58 @@ def initialize subscriber
 
             @callback_thread_pool = Concurrent::ThreadPoolExecutor.new max_threads: @subscriber.callback_threads
 
+            @keepalive_interval = Float(ENV["PUBSUB_TEST_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL"] || 30)
+            @pong_deadline = Float(ENV["PUBSUB_TEST_PONG_DEADLINE"] || 15)
+            @last_ping_at = nil
+            @last_pong_at = nil
+            @stream_opened = false
+            @reconnect_delay = nil
+
             @stream_keepalive_task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(
-              execution_interval: 30
+              execution_interval: @keepalive_interval
             ) do
-              # push empty request every 30 seconds to keep stream alive
-              unless inventory.empty?
-                subscriber.service.logger.log :info, "subscriber-streams" do
-                  "sending keepAlive to stream for subscription #{@subscriber.subscription_name}"
+              synchronize do
+                # @request_queue feeds client requests (initial pull request and keep-alive pings) into gRPC.
+                # Note: ACKs are sent via unary RPCs (TimedUnaryBuffer), not over this stream.
+                # Check that @request_queue is initialized (not nil) before pushing unconditional keep-alive pings.
+                if @stream_opened && !@stopped && @request_queue
+                  subscriber.service.logger.log :info, "subscriber-streams" do
+                    "sending keepAlive to stream for subscription #{@subscriber.subscription_name}"
+                  end
+                  @last_ping_at = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) if @last_pong_at >= @last_ping_at
+                  push Google::Cloud::PubSub::V1::StreamingPullRequest.new
                 end
-                push Google::Cloud::PubSub::V1::StreamingPullRequest.new
               end
-            end.execute
+            end
+
+            @pong_monitor_task = Concurrent::TimerTask.new(
+              execution_interval: [@keepalive_interval / 5.0, 0.01].max
+            ) do
+              synchronize do
+                # Do not check pong deadline if @paused (client flow control inventory full).
+                # When @paused, background_run waits on condition variable and stops calling enum.next,
+                # so incoming server pongs sit buffered in gRPC and @last_pong_at stays un-updated.
+                if @stream_opened && @last_ping_at && @last_pong_at && !@stopped && !@paused
+                  now = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+                  if now - @last_ping_at >= @pong_deadline && @last_pong_at < @last_ping_at
+                    subscriber.service.logger.log :error, "subscriber-streams" do
+                      "Keep-alive pong not received within #{@pong_deadline}s; restarting stream."
+                    end
+                    @stream_opened = false
+                    @background_thread&.raise RestartStream
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
           end
 
           def start
             synchronize do
               break if @background_thread
 
               @inventory.start
+              @stream_keepalive_task.execute
+              @pong_monitor_task.execute
 
               start_streaming!
             end
@@ -108,6 +143,9 @@ def stop
               @stopped = true
               @pause_cond.broadcast
 
+              @stream_keepalive_task.shutdown
+              @pong_monitor_task.shutdown
+
               # Now that the reception thread is stopped, immediately stop the
               # callback thread pool. All queued callbacks will see the stream
               # is stopped and perform a noop.
@@ -219,6 +257,13 @@ class RestartStream < StandardError; end
 
           # rubocop:disable all
 
+          def backoff_and_wait!
+            @reconnect_delay = @reconnect_delay ? [@reconnect_delay * 1.5, 60.0].min : 1.0
+            synchronize do
+              @pause_cond.wait(@reconnect_delay + rand(0.0..0.5)) unless @stopped
+            end
+          end
+
           def background_run
             synchronize do
               # Don't allow a stream to restart if already stopped
@@ -245,11 +290,21 @@ def background_run
 
             # Call the StreamingPull API to get the response enumerator
             options = { :"metadata" => { :"x-goog-request-params" =>  @subscriber.subscription_name } }
+            synchronize do
+              @stream_opened = false
+            end
             enum = @subscriber.service.streaming_pull @request_queue.each, options
             subscriber.service.logger.log :info, "subscriber-streams" do
               "rpc: streamingPull, subscription: #{@subscriber.subscription_name}, stream opened"
             end
 
+            synchronize do
+              now = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+              @last_ping_at = now
+              @last_pong_at = now
+              @stream_opened = true
+            end
+
             loop do
               synchronize do
                 if @paused && !@stopped
@@ -264,8 +319,17 @@ def background_run
               begin
                 # Cannot synchronize the enumerator, causes deadlock
                 response = enum.next
-                new_exactly_once_delivery_enabled = response&.subscription_properties&.exactly_once_delivery_enabled
+                synchronize do
+                  @last_pong_at = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+                  # Reset backoff delay only after successfully reading a frame from enum.next.
+                  # If the connection drops immediately upon reading, @reconnect_delay is preserved.
+                  @reconnect_delay = nil
+                end
                 received_messages = response.received_messages
+                # Skip processing properties and inventory on Pong frames (empty received_messages).
+                # Subscription properties on keep-alive Pongs are not valid.
+                next if received_messages.empty?
+                new_exactly_once_delivery_enabled = response&.subscription_properties&.exactly_once_delivery_enabled
 
                 # Use synchronize so changes happen atomically
                 synchronize do
@@ -310,18 +374,21 @@ def background_run
               "#{status_code}; will be retried."
             end
             # Restart the stream with an incremental back for a retriable error.
+            backoff_and_wait!
             retry
           rescue RestartStream
             subscriber.service.logger.log :info, "subscriber-streams" do
               "Subscriber stream for subscription #{@subscriber.subscription_name} has ended; will be retried."
             end
+            backoff_and_wait!
             retry
           rescue StandardError => e
             subscriber.service.logger.log :error, "subscriber-streams" do
               "error on stream for subscription #{@subscriber.subscription_name}: #{e.inspect}"
             end
             @subscriber.error! e
 
+            backoff_and_wait!
             retry
           end
 
@@ -443,6 +510,7 @@ def initial_input_request
               req.client_id = @subscriber.service.client_id
               req.max_outstanding_messages = @inventory.limit
               req.max_outstanding_bytes = @inventory.bytesize
+              req.protocol_version = 1
             end
           end
 

google-cloud-pubsub/test/google/cloud/pubsub/message_listener/acknowledge_test.rb

@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@
         subscription: sub_path,
         stream_ack_deadline_seconds: 60,
         max_outstanding_messages: 1000,
-        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000
+        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000,
+        protocol_version: 1
       )]
     ]
 
@@ -132,7 +133,8 @@
         subscription: sub_path,
         stream_ack_deadline_seconds: 60,
         max_outstanding_messages: 1000,
-        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000
+        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000,
+        protocol_version: 1
       )]
     ]
 

google-cloud-pubsub/test/google/cloud/pubsub/message_listener/inventory_test.rb

@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@
         subscription: sub_path,
         stream_ack_deadline_seconds: 60,
         max_outstanding_messages: 1000,
-        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000
+        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000,
+        protocol_version: 1
       )]
     ]
 
@@ -141,7 +142,8 @@
         subscription: sub_path,
         stream_ack_deadline_seconds: 60,
         max_outstanding_messages: 1000,
-        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000
+        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000,
+        protocol_version: 1
       )]
     ]
 

google-cloud-pubsub/test/google/cloud/pubsub/message_listener/keepalive_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+require "helper"
+
+describe Google::Cloud::PubSub::MessageListener, :keepalive, :mock_pubsub do
+  let(:topic_name) { "topic-name-goes-here" }
+  let(:sub_name) { "subscription-name-goes-here" }
+  let(:sub_hash) { subscription_hash topic_name, sub_name }
+  let(:sub_grpc) { Google::Cloud::PubSub::V1::Subscription.new(sub_hash) }
+  let(:subscriber) { Google::Cloud::PubSub::Subscriber.from_grpc sub_grpc, pubsub.service }
+  let(:rec_msg1_grpc) { Google::Cloud::PubSub::V1::ReceivedMessage.new \
+                          rec_message_hash("rec_message1-msg-goes-here", 1111) }
+
+  before do
+    ENV["PUBSUB_TEST_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL"] = "0.05"
+    ENV["PUBSUB_TEST_PONG_DEADLINE"] = "0.05"
+  end
+
+  after do
+    ENV.delete "PUBSUB_TEST_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL"
+    ENV.delete "PUBSUB_TEST_PONG_DEADLINE"
+  end
+
+  it "sends protocol_version = 1 in initial streaming pull request" do
+    pull_res1 = Google::Cloud::PubSub::V1::StreamingPullResponse.new received_messages: [rec_msg1_grpc]
+    stub = StreamingPullStub.new [[pull_res1]]
+    subscriber.service.mocked_subscription_admin = stub
+
+    called = false
+    listener = subscriber.listen streams: 1 do |msg|
+      called = true
+    end
+    listener.start
+
+    listener_retries = 0
+    until called
+      fail "callback was not called" if listener_retries > 100
+      listener_retries += 1
+      sleep 0.01
+    end
+
+    listener.stop
+    listener.wait!
+
+    initial_req = stub.requests.first.to_a.first
+    _(initial_req.protocol_version).must_equal 1
+  end
+
+  it "sends keep-alive pings periodically even when inventory is empty" do
+    q = StreamingPullStub::RaisableEnumeratorQueue.new
+    stub = StreamingPullStub.new [[]]
+    def stub.streaming_pull_internal req, opt = nil
+      @requests << req
+      @my_q.each
+    end
+    stub.instance_variable_set(:@my_q, q)
+    subscriber.service.mocked_subscription_admin = stub
+
+    listener = subscriber.listen streams: 1 do |msg|
+    end
+    listener.start
+
+    pong_thread = Thread.new do
+      10.times do
+        sleep 0.02
+        q.push Google::Cloud::PubSub::V1::StreamingPullResponse.new(received_messages: [])
+      end
+    end
+
+    sleep 0.18
+    pong_thread.join
+
+    listener.stop
+    listener.wait!
+
+    reqs = stub.requests.first.to_a
+    _(reqs.count).must_be :>=, 2
+  end
+
+  it "restarts stream when keep-alive pong deadline is exceeded" do
+    pull_res2 = Google::Cloud::PubSub::V1::StreamingPullResponse.new received_messages: [rec_msg1_grpc]
+    stub = StreamingPullStub.new [[], [pull_res2]]
+    subscriber.service.mocked_subscription_admin = stub
+
+    called = false
+    listener = subscriber.listen streams: 1 do |msg|
+      called = true
+    end
+    listener.start
+
+    listener_retries = 0
+    until called
+      fail "stream did not restart and deliver message" if listener_retries > 200
+      listener_retries += 1
+      sleep 0.01
+    end
+
+    listener.stop
+    listener.wait!
+
+    _(stub.requests.count).must_equal 2
+  end
+
+  it "does not restart stream when actively receiving keep-alive pongs" do
+    q = StreamingPullStub::RaisableEnumeratorQueue.new
+    stub = StreamingPullStub.new [[]]
+    def stub.streaming_pull_internal req, opt = nil
+      @requests << req
+      @my_q.each
+    end
+    stub.instance_variable_set(:@my_q, q)
+    subscriber.service.mocked_subscription_admin = stub
+
+    listener = subscriber.listen streams: 1 do |msg|
+    end
+    listener.start
+
+    pong_sender = Thread.new do
+      8.times do
+        sleep 0.02
+        empty_pong = Google::Cloud::PubSub::V1::StreamingPullResponse.new received_messages: []
+        q.push empty_pong
+      end
+    end
+
+    sleep 0.15
+    pong_sender.join
+
+    listener.stop
+    listener.wait!
+
+    _(stub.requests.count).must_equal 1
+  end
+end

google-cloud-pubsub/test/google/cloud/pubsub/message_listener/modify_ack_deadline_test.rb

@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@
         subscription: sub_path,
         stream_ack_deadline_seconds: 60,
         max_outstanding_messages: 1000,
-        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000
+        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000,
+        protocol_version: 1
       )]
     ]
 
@@ -126,7 +127,8 @@
         subscription: sub_path,
         stream_ack_deadline_seconds: 60,
         max_outstanding_messages: 1000,
-        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000
+        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000,
+        protocol_version: 1
       )]
     ]
 

google-cloud-pubsub/test/google/cloud/pubsub/message_listener/nack_test.rb

@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@
         subscription: sub_path,
         stream_ack_deadline_seconds: 60,
         max_outstanding_messages: 1000,
-        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000
+        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000,
+        protocol_version: 1
       )]
     ]
 
@@ -126,7 +127,8 @@
         subscription: sub_path,
         stream_ack_deadline_seconds: 60,
         max_outstanding_messages: 1000,
-        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000
+        max_outstanding_bytes: 100 * 1000 * 1000,
+        protocol_version: 1
       )]
     ]