[release-3.5] Bump Go to 1.23.10

[hwdef]

Part of: #20126

[k8s-ci-robot]

Hi @hwdef. Thanks for your PR.

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[ahrtr]

/ok-to-test

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: ahrtr, hwdef

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