SDSTOR-22330: Upgrade timer callbacks to run-once with exp_count logging

[xiaoxichen]

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[codecov-commenter]

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Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 70.83333% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
⚠️ Please upload report for BASE (stable/v7.x@9c5bf78). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/lib/replication/service/raft_repl_service.cpp	66.66%	0 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
src/lib/checkpoint/cp_mgr.cpp	62.50%	0 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
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Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff               @@
##             stable/v7.x     #890   +/-   ##
==============================================
  Coverage               ?   48.21%           
==============================================
  Files                  ?      110           
  Lines                  ?    12954           
  Branches               ?     6225           
==============================================
  Hits                   ?     6246           
  Misses                 ?     2572           
  Partials               ?     4136           

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