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📗 Scan Summary
📦 Vulnerable Dependencies
🔖 DetailsVulnerability Details
Persistent session cookies in Flask can lead to data leakage or privilege escalation when the application is hosted behind a caching proxy. 🔬 JFrog Research DetailsDescription: The root cause of this issue is the absence of the To exploit this vulnerability, several specific conditions must be met:
Example of vulnerable code: from flask import Flask, session
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'your_secret_key'
@app.route('/')
def index():
session.permanent = True
# Other code logic...
return privateData(user)In this example, a Flask application is used, and the Remediation: Development mitigationsAdd a Development mitigationsDisable the |
| def greet(): | ||
| user_name = request.args.get('name', 'Guest') | ||
| # Rendering user input directly without escaping | ||
| return render_template_string(f"<h1>Hello, {user_name}!</h1>") |
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🎯 Static Application Security Testing (SAST) Vulnerability
| Severity | Finding |
|---|---|
 High |
Untrusted input is included in web page content |
Full description
Vulnerability Details
| Rule ID: | python-xss |
Overview
XSS, or Cross-Site Scripting, is a type of vulnerability that allows an attacker to
inject malicious code into a website or web application.
This can allow the attacker to steal sensitive information from users, such as their
cookies or login credentials, or to perform unauthorized actions on their behalf.
Query operation
In the query we look for any user input that flows into
a potential output of the application.
Vulnerable example
In the following example, the Flask application takes a user-supplied parameter (name)
from the query string and renders it directly into an HTML template using the
render_template_string function. The issue is that
the user input is not properly sanitized or escaped, making it vulnerable to XSS attacks.
from flask import Flask, request, render_template_string
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
name = request.args.get('name', 'Guest')
message = f'Hello, {name}!'
return render_template_string('<h1>{}</h1>'.format(message))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious JavaScript code into the
name parameter. For instance, they could modify the URL to include the following payload:
http://localhost:5000/?name=<script>alert('XSS')</script>
Remediation
When rendering templates, use parametrized variable assignments (which are automatically
escaped) instead of direct string manipulation -
@app.route('/')
def index():
name = request.args.get('name', 'Guest')
message = f'Hello, {name}!'
- return render_template_string('<h1>{}</h1>'.format(message))
+ return render_template_string('<h1>{{ message }}</h1>', message=message)Code Flows
Vulnerable data flow analysis result
request.args (at Projects/python-fb-example/src/app.py line 8)
request.args.get('name', 'Guest') (at Projects/python-fb-example/src/app.py line 8)
user_name (at Projects/python-fb-example/src/app.py line 10)
f"<h1>Hello, {user_name}!</h1>" (at Projects/python-fb-example/src/app.py line 10)
render_template_string(f"<h1>Hello, {user_name}!</h1>") (at Projects/python-fb-example/src/app.py line 10)
return render_template_string(f"<h1>Hello, {user_name}!</h1>") (at Projects/python-fb-example/src/app.py line 10)
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| if __name__ == '__main__': | ||
| main() | ||
| app.run(debug=True) |
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🎯 Static Application Security Testing (SAST) Vulnerability
| Severity | Finding |
|---|---|
 Medium |
Flask web application is running in debug mode |
Full description
Vulnerability Details
| Rule ID: | python-flask-debug |
Overview
Debug mode in a Flask app is a feature that allows the developer to see detailed
error messages and tracebacks when an error occurs. This can be useful for debugging
and troubleshooting, but it can also create a security vulnerability if the app is
deployed in debug mode. In debug mode, Flask will display detailed error messages and
tracebacks to the user, even if the error is caused by malicious input.
This can provide attackers with valuable information about the app's internal workings
and vulnerabilities, making it easier for them to exploit those vulnerabilities.
Query operation
In this query we look Flask applications that set the debug argument to True
Vulnerable example
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
return 'Hello, World!'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)In this example, the Flask application is set to run in debug mode by passing
debug=True as an argument to the app.run() function. This will make the application
emit potentially sensitive information to the users.
Remediation
When using app.run, omit the debug flag or set it to False -
if __name__ == '__main__':
- app.run(debug=True)
+ app.run()
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