Refactor runtime resolution pipeline to Effect-based immutable state transitions

[danielbdyer]

Motivation

• Move the runtime resolution pipeline into the repository-wide Effect model so pipeline phases can be composed declaratively and tested as Effects.
• Eliminate in-place mutations (Object.assign, accRef.current) and surface an immutable pipeline state to improve reasoning and enable pure state transitions.
• Replace thrown generic errors with typed, tagged error values for clearer failure classification during DAG validation and strategy-totality checks.

Description

• Change runResolutionPipeline and internal runPipelinePhases to return an Effect.Effect instead of Promise, and adapt the runtime wrapper to call Effect.runPromise when invoking the pipeline.
• Introduce immutable value objects PipelineState and PipelineProgress carrying stage, accumulator, and emittedEvents, and replace mutable stage updates with pure transition helpers mergeStage, withInterpretation, and appendReceiptEvent.
• Model each phase as a function from PipelineProgress → Effect and fold the phases using Effect.reduce; replace the prior imperative strategy chain/accumulator mutation with runStrategies composed from Effect-returning attempts.
• Add typed tagged error classes PipelineDagValidationError and StrategyTotalityError for DAG validation and missing-rung failures respectively, preserving existing precedence checks and event emission semantics.
• Update tests and callers to execute the new Effect-returning API via Effect.runPromise, and add law-style determinism tests that assert identical receipts and event ordering for representative overlay and needs-human fallback scenarios.

Testing

• Ran typecheck with npm run types and the build/type projection succeeded.
• Ran focused test suite with npm test -- tests/runtime-agent-pipeline.spec.ts tests/precedence.laws.spec.ts tests/resolution-engine-contract.spec.ts tests/phase5-intent-interpretation.laws.spec.ts and all tests passed (31 passed).
• New law-style determinism tests were added and executed as part of the run to assert stable receipt and event ordering for representative scenarios.

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Codex Task