HDFS-17944. Validate short-circuit streams cache size

[johntomcat7408-cmyk]

Description of PR

JIRA: HDFS-17944

dfs.client.read.shortcircuit.streams.cache.size=-1 currently passes
DfsClientConf parsing and is rejected only when a new
ShortCircuitCache is built. This exposes the internal maxTotalSize
parameter in the error, while reuse of an existing ClientContext can
avoid that late validation entirely.

This PR:

• validates that the configured streams cache size is non-negative while
  building DfsClientConf;
• reports the public configuration key in the exception;
• adds client-module tests for the invalid -1 boundary and the valid 0
  boundary.

Zero remains valid and keeps its existing cache-retention semantics. The
change does not modify public APIs, protocols, dependencies,
hdfs-default.xml, or the defensive validation in ShortCircuitCache.

Source and attribution: the issue comes from HDFS-17944. The implementation
was independently written against the current trunk. Its error style is
consistent with merged HDFS-17943 / PR #8603,
and the existing zero boundary was confirmed from merged
HDFS-16653 / PR #5568.
Open PR #7215 also touches
DfsClientConf.java, but only for lease renewal configuration; no code or
text from that unmerged PR was reused.

How was this patch tested?

On Windows x86_64 with JDK 21.0.11 and the repository Maven Wrapper:

.\mvnw.cmd --batch-mode --no-transfer-progress `
  -pl :hadoop-hdfs-client -am "-P=-native-win" `
  "-Dtest=TestDfsClientConf" `
  "-Dsurefire.failIfNoSpecifiedTests=false" `
  "-DskipShade" "-DskipDocs" test

Result: BUILD SUCCESS; 10 reactor modules succeeded; 2 tests ran with
0 failures, 0 errors, and 0 skips.

.\mvnw.cmd --batch-mode --no-transfer-progress `
  -pl :hadoop-hdfs -am "-P=-native-win" `
  "-Dtest=TestShortCircuitCache#testInvalidConfiguration" `
  "-Dsurefire.failIfNoSpecifiedTests=false" `
  "-DskipShade" "-DskipDocs" test

Result: BUILD SUCCESS; 12 reactor modules succeeded; 1 test ran with
0 failures, 0 errors, and 0 skips. Bash tests were skipped because bats
was not installed; the targeted Java test completed successfully.

.\mvnw.cmd --batch-mode --no-transfer-progress `
  -pl :hadoop-hdfs-client -am "-P=-native-win" `
  "-DskipTests" "-DskipShade" "-DskipDocs" checkstyle:check

Result: exit code 0. The new test has no Checkstyle violations.
DfsClientConf.java retains a pre-existing MethodLength warning at line
171; the production change is at line 844 and introduces no new violation.

A full repository build was not run.

For code changes:

• Does the title or this PR starts with the corresponding JIRA issue id (e.g. 'HADOOP-17799. Your PR title ...')?
• Object storage: N/A; this HDFS client change does not affect an object storage connector.
• New dependencies: N/A; this PR adds no dependencies.
• License and notice updates: N/A; this PR does not change distributed dependencies or licensing content.

AI Tooling

• Contains content generated by Codex
• My use of AI contributions follows the ASF legal policy.

[hadoop-yetus]

🎊 +1 overall

Vote	Subsystem	Runtime	Logfile	Comment
+0 🆗	reexec	20m 11s		Docker mode activated.
			_ Prechecks _
+1 💚	dupname	0m 0s		No case conflicting files found.
+0 🆗	codespell	0m 1s		codespell was not available.
+0 🆗	detsecrets	0m 1s		detect-secrets was not available.
+1 💚	@author	0m 0s		The patch does not contain any @author tags.
+1 💚	test4tests	0m 0s		The patch appears to include 1 new or modified test files.
			_ trunk Compile Tests _
+1 💚	mvninstall	46m 25s		trunk passed
+1 💚	compile	1m 19s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	compile	1m 18s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	checkstyle	0m 58s		trunk passed
+1 💚	mvnsite	1m 23s		trunk passed
+1 💚	javadoc	1m 5s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	javadoc	1m 0s		trunk passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	spotbugs	3m 51s		trunk passed
+1 💚	shadedclient	37m 26s		branch has no errors when building and testing our client artifacts.
			_ Patch Compile Tests _
+1 💚	mvninstall	0m 53s		the patch passed
+1 💚	compile	0m 48s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	javac	0m 48s		the patch passed
+1 💚	compile	0m 49s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	javac	0m 49s		the patch passed
+1 💚	blanks	0m 0s		The patch has no blanks issues.
+1 💚	checkstyle	0m 25s		the patch passed
+1 💚	mvnsite	0m 53s		the patch passed
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 36s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 35s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
+1 💚	spotbugs	3m 35s		the patch passed
+1 💚	shadedclient	37m 0s		patch has no errors when building and testing our client artifacts.
			_ Other Tests _
+1 💚	unit	2m 39s		hadoop-hdfs-client in the patch passed.
+1 💚	asflicense	0m 35s		The patch does not generate ASF License warnings.
		162m 42s

Subsystem	Report/Notes
Docker	ClientAPI=1.55 ServerAPI=1.55 base: https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8644/1/artifact/out/Dockerfile
GITHUB PR	#8644
Optional Tests	dupname asflicense compile javac javadoc mvninstall mvnsite unit shadedclient spotbugs checkstyle codespell detsecrets
uname	Linux 814b523a61fe 5.15.0-185-generic #195-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jun 19 17:11:50 UTC 2026 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Build tool	maven
Personality	dev-support/bin/hadoop.sh
git revision	trunk / 354fc94
Default Java	Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
Multi-JDK versions	/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64:Ubuntu-21.0.11+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64:Ubuntu-17.0.19+10-1-24.04.2-Ubuntu
Test Results	https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8644/1/testReport/
Max. process+thread count	585 (vs. ulimit of 10000)
modules	C: hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs-client U: hadoop-hdfs-project/hadoop-hdfs-client
Console output	https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-8644/1/console
versions	git=2.43.0 maven=3.9.15 spotbugs=4.9.7
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