[FLINK-38968][table] Add toCatalogTable method to CatalogMaterializedTable interface

[raminqaf]

What is the purpose of the change

This pull request adds a default toCatalogTable() method to the CatalogMaterializedTable interface, which converts a materialized table to a CatalogTable for planner query optimization. This extracts the conversion logic to the interface level, allowing ResolvedCatalogMaterializedTable.toResolvedCatalogTable() to delegate to origin.toCatalogTable() instead of duplicating the conversion logic.

Brief change log

• Added default method toCatalogTable() in CatalogMaterializedTable interface that builds a CatalogTable from the materialized table's schema, comment, distribution, partition keys, options, and snapshot
• Updated ResolvedCatalogMaterializedTable.toResolvedCatalogTable() to use the new origin.toCatalogTable() method

Verifying this change

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• Added testCatalogMaterializedTableToCatalogTable() in CatalogBaseTableResolutionTest to verify the new toCatalogTable() method preserves all properties (schema, comment, partition keys, options, distribution, snapshot)
• Added testResolvedCatalogMaterializedTableToResolvedCatalogTable() in CatalogBaseTableResolutionTest to verify the conversion from ResolvedCatalogMaterializedTable to ResolvedCatalogTable preserves schema and origin properties

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): no
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): yes (CatalogMaterializedTable is @PublicEvolving)
• The serializers: no
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): no
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: no
• The S3 file system connector: no

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? no
• If yes, how is the feature documented? not applicable

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 4ca5ff9 Azure: SUCCESS

Bot commands

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[raminqaf]

@flinkbot run azure

[featzhang]

/**

• Converts this materialized table into a {@link CatalogTable} representation
• for planner usage.

• This conversion preserves schema, options, distribution, partitions and snapshot,

• but intentionally drops materialized-table-specific semantics such as refresh behavior.
  */

[featzhang]

Consider adding a test asserting that materialized-table-specific semantics (e.g. refresh behavior) are intentionally not propagated.

[snuyanzin]

Looks like a missing feature while implementation of MT