Convert from pip to uv

[MaxGhenis]

Summary

• Replace setup.py with pyproject.toml using setuptools backend for modern Python packaging
• Add uv.lock for reproducible dependency management and faster installs
• Update Makefile to use uv sync and uv run commands
• Update CI workflows to use astral-sh/setup-uv@v4
• Update version extraction scripts to use pyproject.toml instead of setup.py

Test plan

• CI passes on all matrix combinations (Ubuntu/Windows, Python 3.10-3.13)
• Verify make install works locally with uv
• Verify make test runs successfully
• Verify make build creates proper wheel/sdist
• Verify changelog versioning workflow still works

Notes

This migration provides:

• Faster installs: uv is significantly faster than pip
• Reproducible builds: uv.lock ensures exact dependency versions
• Modern packaging: pyproject.toml is the standard for Python projects (PEP 621)
• Better CI caching: uv has built-in caching that works well with GitHub Actions

🤖 Generated with Claude Code