feat: support CCL AllGather

[GordonYang1]

Summary

This PR adds AllGather support to the shared CCL backend abstraction, including native bindings through the existing NCCL and MCCL provider layers for the public infinicclAllGather() API. It also keeps inter-only communicators on the existing OpenMPI staging path during mixed-backend bootstrap flows, corrects the shared OpenMPI/MPICH AllGather staging path to use byte counts for all data types, makes the existing MPI example propagate per-block validation failures, and includes CCL-only plus OpenMPI-assisted AllGather example programs covering out-of-place and canonical in-place flows.

Changes

• Public API and Dispatch

  • Enable the existing infinicclAllGather() API for configured CCL backends through generated bridge dispatch without changing its public signature.
  • Use a matching native CCL intra communicator when available, and otherwise delegate to the existing OpenMPI provider when the communicator has only an OpenMPI inter communicator.
  • Return success for a zero-count AllGather after validating the communicator and data type, without requiring non-null buffers or entering a backend.

• Common CCL Implementation

  • Add a shared provider-oriented CCL AllGather implementation following the existing AllReduce structure.
  • Validate the native communicator backend, device, and handle before dispatch.
  • Map InfiniCCL data types through the configured provider and return NotSupported when the provider cannot represent the requested type.

• Existing CCL Provider Bindings

  • Extend the existing NCCL and MCCL API wrappers with thin bindings to ncclAllGather() and mcclAllGather().
  • Register AllGather with the existing NCCL and MCCL provider layers.

• MPI Correctness

  • Treat AllGather as a movement operation in the shared OpenMPI/MPICH implementation by using MPI_BYTE with count * type_size bytes per rank.
  • Add world-size, size_t multiplication, and MPI int count-range checks for staged transfers.
  • Accumulate validation across every gathered source block in the existing MPI example and return a non-zero process status on failure.

• Examples and Validation

  • Add a thread-per-GPU single-node CCL AllGather example using one shared unique ID and rank-based communicator initialization.
  • Add an OpenMPI-assisted CCL AllGather example that first uses the public AllGather API through the OpenMPI inter communicator to distribute the native unique ID, then initializes the native CCL communicator for GPU data movement.
  • Validate both out-of-place and canonical in-place layouts across every source-rank block and propagate cluster-wide validation failures through the process exit status.
  • Parse numeric options without exceptions and guard example buffer-size calculations against overflow.

Platform and Backend Affected

Platform

• CPU
• NVIDIA GPU
• Iluvatar GPU
• MetaX GPU
• Moore Threads GPU
• Cambricon MLU
• HYGON DCU

Backend

• OpenMPI
• MPICH
• NCCL
• MCCL

Performance Impact

• No performance impact
• Performance improved
• Performance regression possible

This adds GPU-native NCCL and MCCL paths for AllGather, avoiding the existing MPI host-staging path when a supported CCL backend and native communicator are available. The shared MPI path remains host-staged, with corrected byte-count handling for movement data types. Other collective operations are intended to remain unchanged.

Known Issues & Future Work

• The CCL collective backend on this branch now covers AllReduce and AllGather; other CCL collective operations remain future work.
• AllGather inherits the backend/device combinations and data type support of the existing CCL providers; this PR does not add a new provider or device integration.
• The server examples validate float32 payloads on the default stream. Additional data-type and non-default-stream runtime coverage remain future work.
• The MPI fallback remains host-staged with per-call allocations and rejects per-rank payloads whose byte count exceeds the MPI int count range; chunked transfers remain future work.

Test Results

Test Involved Platform

• CPU
• NVIDIA GPU
• Iluvatar GPU
• MetaX GPU
• Moore Threads GPU
• Cambricon MLU
• HYGON DCU

Test Involved Backend

• OpenMPI
• MPICH
• NCCL
• MCCL

Pure CCL (NCCL) on single-node NVIDIA:
ccl_all_gather.log
ccl_all_reduce.log

CCL + MPI on single-node NVIDIA:
ccl_mpi_hybrid_all_gather.log
ccl_mpi_hybrid_all_reduce.log

MPI on Heterogeneous Cluster:
mpi_all_gather.log
mpi_all_reduce.log
mpi_all_to_all.log
mpi_broadcast.log
mpi_gather.log
mpi_reduce.log
mpi_reduce_scatter.log
mpi_scatter.log
mpi_send_recv.log

Pure CCL (MCCL) on single-node MetaX:
ccl_all_gather.log
ccl_all_reduce.log

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Scope and Design

• Changes are minimal — no unrelated modifications were introduced (CONTRIBUTING.md §Code/General).
• No dead code, commented-out blocks, debug prints, printf/std::cout/print(...) left behind, or TODO without an owner and issue link.
• No unrelated formatting churn that would obscure the diff.
• Public API changes (if any) are intentional, documented, and reflected in affected callers/tests.

General Code Hygiene

• The code is self-explanatory; comments were added only where the intent or rationale is non-obvious (CONTRIBUTING.md §Code/General).
• Every modified or added file ends with a single trailing newline (CONTRIBUTING.md §Code/General).
• No trailing whitespace, inconsistent indentation, or mixed formatting styles remain.
• Identifiers referenced in comments or error messages are wrapped in Markdown backticks (e.g. the `AllReduce` implementation) (CONTRIBUTING.md §Code/General).
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C++ Specific (if C++ files changed)

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• N/A- Constructor initializer list order matches member declaration order (CONTRIBUTING.md §C++).
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• Exactly one blank line between members (functions and variables) within a class (CONTRIBUTING.md §C++).
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Python Specific (if Python files changed)

• N/A- Code is PEP 8 compliant; ruff check passes cleanly on CI (see `.github/workflows/ruff.yml).
• N/A- ruff format --check passes cleanly — if not, run ruff format and commit the result.
• N/A- Comments are complete English sentences, starting with a capital letter and ending with punctuation; Markdown backticks are used for code references (CONTRIBUTING.md §Python).
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• N/A- Docstrings (if any) follow PEP 257 (CONTRIBUTING.md §Python).
• N/A- Type hints are added / kept consistent with the surrounding code.

Testing

• All applicable example programs have been built and tested successfully on at least one supported heterogeneous cluster setup.

Build, CI, and Tooling

• N/A- New backends or devices have been added to auto-detection in CMakeLists.txt under if(AUTO_DETECT_DEVICES) or to if(AUTO_DETECT_BACKENDS) if applicable.
• Both CI workflows (clang-format.yml, ruff.yml) are green locally (or expected to be green on CI).

Documentation

• N/A- README.md, CONTRIBUTING.md, or inline docs updated when behavior, build flags, or developer workflow changed.
• N/A- Any user-visible breaking change is called out explicitly under "Summary" and in the commit/PR title with a ! or BREAKING CHANGE: footer.

Security and Safety

• No secrets, access tokens, internal URLs, customer data, or personal hardware identifiers have been committed.
• N/A- Third-party code is license-compatible and attributed.
• No unsafe pointer arithmetic, uninitialized reads, or missing bounds checks were introduced.

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