feat: add native debugging lesson to Module 054

[yablokolabs]

Summary

• expand Module 054 into Native Debugging and Performance Profiling without changing the fixed 000–100 curriculum
• teach an evidence-first workflow using compiler diagnostics, panic backtraces, rust-lldb/rust-gdb, and profiling
• add deterministic exercise/solution debugger binaries around a realistic threshold-boundary bug
• add identical behavioral tests for the exercise and solution, while preserving the existing trace-analysis material
• update the curriculum map and Module 055 prerequisite

Test plan

• cargo fmt --all -- --check
• cargo clippy --locked -p module-054-exercises -p module-054-solutions --all-targets -- -D warnings
• cargo test --locked -p module-054-solutions — 13 passed
• filtered exercise run produces exactly one intentional failure: slow_sample_treats_threshold_as_acceptable
• RUST_BACKTRACE=1 lab run reports the wrong boundary result and a source-level stack
• rust-lldb loads Rust formatters and resolves the exact breakpoint to lib.rs:37
• rust-gdb stops at first_slow_sample, inspects samples/threshold, and prints the two-frame stack

Baseline note

Current upstream main cannot load the complete Cargo workspace because Module 013's exercise manifest is committed under exercises/tests/Cargo.toml instead of exercises/Cargo.toml. That pre-existing issue is outside this focused Module 054 change, so verification used a temporary untracked manifest shim and removed it before staging.

[Amogh-007-Rin]

Thanks for the additions, i will review it and merge it asap. genuinely appreciate it.
Looking forward for more contributions to improve the curriculum and do best for opensource learning.