ci: create a quality assurance workflow

[robertodr]

Summary

Separate quality assurance jobs from testing.

Changes

• Split code coverage from test.yml to qa-analysis.yml
• Split sonarqube from test.yml to qa-analysis.yml

Checklist

• Tests added or updated to cover the changes
• Documentation updated (docstrings, docs/, CONTRIBUTING.md) if needed
• CHANGELOG / release notes updated if applicable

AI/LLM disclosure

• I did not use LLM tooling, or used it only privately for ideation
• I used the following tool to help write this PR description:
• I used the following tool to generate or modify code:

Important

By opening this PR I confirm that I have read CONTRIBUTING.md and I agree to the terms of the Contributor License Agreement.

Warning

If you're contributing on behalf of your employer, contact cla@algorithmiq.fi to arrange a Corporate CLA.

---

This is part 2 of 3 in a stack made with GitButler:

•  3  fix: 🧹 use hwloc instead of custom topology discovery #180
•  2  ci: create a quality assurance workflow #173 👈
•  1  build(cmake): only allow to build as python extension #152

[github-actions]

Docs preview: https://pr-173.monoprop-docs.pages.dev

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
⚠️ Please upload report for BASE (chore-dev-single-build-path@67001da). Learn more about missing BASE report.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                      Coverage Diff                       @@
##             chore-dev-single-build-path     #173   +/-   ##
==============================================================
  Coverage                               ?   95.31%           
==============================================================
  Files                                  ?       14           
  Lines                                  ?      704           
  Branches                               ?       88           
==============================================================
  Hits                                   ?      671           
  Misses                                 ?       20           
  Partials                               ?       13           

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	95.31% <ø> (?)

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud