diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/remove_autoloaded_require.php.inc b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/remove_autoloaded_require.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de3cfacbd17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/remove_autoloaded_require.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+require __DIR__ . '/../Source/src/SomeClass.php';
+
+$someClass = new \App\SomeClass();
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+$someClass = new \App\SomeClass();
+
+?>
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_assigned_include.php.inc b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_assigned_include.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27470ac5684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_assigned_include.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<?php
+
+$result = require __DIR__ . '/../Source/src/SomeClass.php';
+
+?>
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_multiple_classes.php.inc b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_multiple_classes.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c98f9012fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_multiple_classes.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?php
+
+require __DIR__ . '/../Source/src/TwoClasses.php';
+
+$twoClasses = new \App\TwoClasses();
+
+?>
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_not_autoloaded.php.inc b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_not_autoloaded.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c49559198e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Fixture/skip_not_autoloaded.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?php
+
+require __DIR__ . '/../Source/outside/LooseClass.php';
+
+$looseClass = new \Outside\LooseClass();
+
+?>
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRectorTest.php b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRectorTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4539f16ec4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRectorTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\DeadCode\Rector\Expression\RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector;
+
+use Iterator;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use Rector\Testing\PHPUnit\AbstractRectorTestCase;
+
+final class RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRectorTest extends AbstractRectorTestCase
+{
+    #[DataProvider('provideData')]
+    public function test(string $filePath): void
+    {
+        $this->doTestFile($filePath);
+    }
+
+    public static function provideData(): Iterator
+    {
+        return self::yieldFilesFromDirectory(__DIR__ . '/Fixture');
+    }
+
+    public function provideConfigFilePath(): string
+    {
+        return __DIR__ . '/config/configured_rule.php';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/composer.json b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c94579132bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "autoload": {
+        "psr-4": {
+            "App\\": "src"
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/outside/LooseClass.php b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/outside/LooseClass.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c82ea28841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/outside/LooseClass.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Outside;
+
+final class LooseClass
+{
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/src/SomeClass.php b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/src/SomeClass.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..93248293b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/src/SomeClass.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App;
+
+final class SomeClass
+{
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/src/TwoClasses.php b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/src/TwoClasses.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a97fdfd9bc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/src/TwoClasses.php
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App;
+
+final class TwoClasses
+{
+}
+
+final class SecondClass
+{
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/config/configured_rule.php b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/config/configured_rule.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f8eaa64ead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/config/configured_rule.php
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;
+use Rector\DeadCode\Rector\Expression\RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector;
+
+return RectorConfig::configure()
+    ->withConfiguredRule(RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector::class, [
+        RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector::COMPOSER_JSON_PATH => __DIR__ . '/../Source/composer.json',
+    ]);
diff --git a/rules/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector.php b/rules/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22f638770d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector.php
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\DeadCode\Rector\Expression;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\BinaryOp\Concat;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\Include_;
+use PhpParser\Node\Scalar\MagicConst\Dir;
+use PhpParser\Node\Scalar\String_;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\ClassLike;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Expression;
+use PhpParser\NodeVisitor;
+use Rector\Contract\Rector\ConfigurableRectorInterface;
+use Rector\FileSystem\JsonFileSystem;
+use Rector\PhpParser\Node\BetterNodeFinder;
+use Rector\PhpParser\Parser\RectorParser;
+use Rector\Rector\AbstractRector;
+use Symplify\RuleDocGenerator\ValueObject\CodeSample\ConfiguredCodeSample;
+use Symplify\RuleDocGenerator\ValueObject\RuleDefinition;
+
+/**
+ * @see \Rector\Tests\DeadCode\Rector\Expression\RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector\RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRectorTest
+ */
+final class RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector extends AbstractRector implements ConfigurableRectorInterface
+{
+    /**
+     * @api
+     */
+    public const string COMPOSER_JSON_PATH = 'composer_json_path';
+
+    private ?string $composerJsonPath = null;
+
+    /**
+     * @var array<array{string, string}>|null list of [namespace prefix, absolute directory] pairs
+     */
+    private ?array $psr4Prefixes = null;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly RectorParser $rectorParser,
+        private readonly BetterNodeFinder $betterNodeFinder
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, mixed> $configuration
+     */
+    public function configure(array $configuration): void
+    {
+        $composerJsonPath = $configuration[self::COMPOSER_JSON_PATH] ?? null;
+        $this->composerJsonPath = is_string($composerJsonPath) ? $composerJsonPath : null;
+    }
+
+    public function getRuleDefinition(): RuleDefinition
+    {
+        return new RuleDefinition(
+            'Remove include/require of a file that is already autoloaded via composer.json PSR-4',
+            [
+                new ConfiguredCodeSample(
+                    <<<'CODE_SAMPLE'
+require __DIR__ . '/src/SomeClass.php';
+
+$someClass = new App\SomeClass();
+CODE_SAMPLE
+                    ,
+                    <<<'CODE_SAMPLE'
+$someClass = new App\SomeClass();
+CODE_SAMPLE
+                    ,
+                    [
+                        self::COMPOSER_JSON_PATH => 'composer.json',
+                    ]
+                ),
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<class-string<Node>>
+     */
+    public function getNodeTypes(): array
+    {
+        return [Expression::class];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Expression $node
+     */
+    public function refactor(Node $node): int|null
+    {
+        if (! $node->expr instanceof Include_) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $includedFilePath = $this->resolveIncludedFilePath($node->expr);
+        if ($includedFilePath === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (! $this->isAutoloadedViaPsr4($includedFilePath)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return NodeVisitor::REMOVE_NODE;
+    }
+
+    private function resolveIncludedFilePath(Include_ $include): ?string
+    {
+        $currentDirectory = dirname($this->file->getFilePath());
+
+        // __DIR__ . '/relative/path.php'
+        if ($include->expr instanceof Concat && $include->expr->left instanceof Dir && $include->expr->right instanceof String_) {
+            return $this->realPath($currentDirectory . $include->expr->right->value);
+        }
+
+        if (! $include->expr instanceof String_) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $rawPath = $include->expr->value;
+
+        // absolute path
+        if (str_starts_with($rawPath, '/')) {
+            return $this->realPath($rawPath);
+        }
+
+        return $this->realPath($currentDirectory . '/' . $rawPath);
+    }
+
+    private function realPath(string $path): ?string
+    {
+        if (! is_file($path)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return realpath($path);
+    }
+
+    private function isAutoloadedViaPsr4(string $includedFilePath): bool
+    {
+        $declaredClassName = $this->resolveSingleDeclaredClassName($includedFilePath);
+        if ($declaredClassName === null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($this->providePsr4Prefixes() as [$namespacePrefix, $directory]) {
+            if (! str_starts_with($declaredClassName, $namespacePrefix)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $relativeClassName = substr($declaredClassName, strlen($namespacePrefix));
+            $expectedFilePath = $this->realPath($directory . '/' . str_replace('\\', '/', $relativeClassName) . '.php');
+
+            if ($expectedFilePath === $includedFilePath) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private function resolveSingleDeclaredClassName(string $filePath): ?string
+    {
+        $stmts = $this->rectorParser->parseFile($filePath);
+
+        $classLikes = $this->betterNodeFinder->findInstanceOf($stmts, ClassLike::class);
+
+        // require must define exactly one class, or removing it would drop the other definitions
+        if (count($classLikes) !== 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // RichParser resolves names, so this is already the fully-qualified class name
+        return $this->getName($classLikes[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<array{string, string}> list of [namespace prefix, absolute directory] pairs
+     */
+    private function providePsr4Prefixes(): array
+    {
+        if ($this->psr4Prefixes !== null) {
+            return $this->psr4Prefixes;
+        }
+
+        $composerJsonPath = $this->composerJsonPath ?? getcwd() . '/composer.json';
+        if (! is_file($composerJsonPath)) {
+            return $this->psr4Prefixes = [];
+        }
+
+        $composerJson = JsonFileSystem::readFilePath($composerJsonPath);
+        $rootDirectory = dirname($composerJsonPath);
+
+        $psr4Prefixes = [];
+        foreach (['autoload', 'autoload-dev'] as $autoloadSection) {
+            $psr4 = $composerJson[$autoloadSection]['psr-4'] ?? [];
+            if (! is_array($psr4)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            foreach ($psr4 as $namespacePrefix => $directories) {
+                foreach ((array) $directories as $directory) {
+                    $psr4Prefixes[] = [
+                        (string) $namespacePrefix,
+                        $rootDirectory . '/' . rtrim((string) $directory, '/'),
+                    ];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $this->psr4Prefixes = $psr4Prefixes;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/structarmed.php b/structarmed.php
index 61913483c8d..63d5f79c263 100644
--- a/structarmed.php
+++ b/structarmed.php
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
             // no namespace on purpose
             __DIR__ . '/rules-tests/Php70/Rector/ClassMethod/Php4ConstructorRector/Source/ParentClass.php',
 
+            // multiple classes in one file on purpose, to test the skip
+            __DIR__ . '/rules-tests/DeadCode/Rector/Expression/RemovePsr4AutoloadedIncludeRector/Source/src/TwoClasses.php',
+
             // simulate under phpstan.phar
             __DIR__ . '/rules-tests/Php71/Rector/FuncCall/RemoveExtraParametersRector/Source/phpstan.phar',
         ],