diff --git a/Tests/test_imagecms.py b/Tests/test_imagecms.py
index d73ab34282b..3382a34e47c 100644
--- a/Tests/test_imagecms.py
+++ b/Tests/test_imagecms.py
@@ -196,6 +196,10 @@ def test_exceptions() -> None:
     psRGB = ImageCms.createProfile("sRGB")
     pLab = ImageCms.createProfile("LAB")
     t = ImageCms.buildTransform(pLab, psRGB, "LAB", "RGB")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="mode mismatch"):
+        t.apply(hopper("RGBA"))
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="mode mismatch"):
+        t.apply(hopper("LAB"), hopper("RGBA"))
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="mode mismatch"):
         t.apply_in_place(hopper("RGBA"))
 
diff --git a/src/PIL/ImageCms.py b/src/PIL/ImageCms.py
index 513e28acf33..388a9296f8b 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImageCms.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImageCms.py
@@ -317,19 +317,21 @@ def point(self, im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
         return self.apply(im)
 
     def apply(self, im: Image.Image, imOut: Image.Image | None = None) -> Image.Image:
-        if imOut is None:
+        if im.mode != self.input_mode:
+            msg = "mode mismatch"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        if imOut is not None:
+            if imOut.mode != self.output_mode:
+                msg = "mode mismatch"
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+        else:
             imOut = Image.new(self.output_mode, im.size, None)
         self.transform.apply(im.getim(), imOut.getim())
         imOut.info["icc_profile"] = self.output_profile.tobytes()
         return imOut
 
     def apply_in_place(self, im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
-        if im.mode != self.output_mode:
-            msg = "mode mismatch"
-            raise ValueError(msg)  # wrong output mode
-        self.transform.apply(im.getim(), im.getim())
-        im.info["icc_profile"] = self.output_profile.tobytes()
-        return im
+        return self.apply(im, im)
 
 
 def get_display_profile(handle: SupportsInt | None = None) -> ImageCmsProfile | None: