notes.txt

OPERATING SYSTEM BASICS

An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and provides common services for computer programs.

The kernel is the core component of an operating system that manages system resources and communication between hardware and software.

A process is a program in execution that requires system resources such as CPU time, memory, and input or output access.

Process scheduling is a responsibility of the operating system that determines which process runs on the CPU at a given time.

Memory management is a core function of an operating system that controls how memory is allocated, used, and released by programs.

Virtual memory is a memory management technique that allows a system to use disk storage as an extension of main memory.

A file system is a method used by an operating system to store, organize, and retrieve data on storage devices.

Input and output management is a function of an operating system that handles communication between hardware devices and software applications.

System security is a function of an operating system that protects data and resources from unauthorized access.

Authentication is a security process that verifies the identity of a user or system.

Authorization is a security mechanism that determines what actions an authenticated user is allowed to perform.