diff --git a/ERRORS.md b/ERRORS.md
index 9a64d1e6c..96a1500a0 100644
--- a/ERRORS.md
+++ b/ERRORS.md
@@ -35,3 +35,4 @@ Use this file as a compact memory of recurring AI mistakes.
 - [2026-07-16] architecture: `users.service.js remove()`'s sole-owner cascade called `OrganizationsRepository.remove()` directly instead of `organizations.crud.service.js#remove()`, silently skipping `runOrganizationRemovedHandlers` (the `onOrganizationRemoved` seam `modules/tasks/tasks.init.js` registers for org-scoped task cleanup) -> deleting an org must always route through the owning module's SERVICE method, never straight to its Repository, even for a "bare" cascade delete from another module — a direct-repository shortcut silently bypasses any registered removal hook; a stale cross-test fixture in `tasks.integration.tests.js` (an orphaned-but-still-existing task reused across unrelated test cases) was inadvertently relying on this bug and needed a properly isolated fixture once the cascade actually cleaned up; see pierreb-devkit/Node#3965
 - [2026-07-17] error handling: shared helpers (`lib/helpers/mailer/index.js#sendMail`, `modules/audit/services/audit.service.js#log`) wrapped the failing call in their own try/catch, logged a single generic line, and resolved `null` -> every caller's own context-rich `.catch()` (action/userId/orgId) became dead code on a real outage, since the promise never rejected; a central helper must let the underlying call's rejection propagate and let each CALL SITE own the "never break the main flow" `.catch()` with its own context — never swallow centrally just because most callers currently attach a catch; see pierreb-devkit/Node#3966
 - [2026-07-17] billing/stripe: #3964 fixed the admin (409 abort) and reconcile (skip-comparison) call sites of the shared plan resolver but left `billing.webhook.service.js resolvePlan`'s `?? 'free'` fallback in place -> a webhook for an existing paid org whose Stripe price is unresolvable (unmapped `priceId`, no valid `metadata.planId` — e.g. a manually-sold enterprise price) silently downgraded the org to `'free'` on the next `customer.subscription.updated`/`.created`/`invoice.payment_succeeded` event; a webhook cannot 409-abort mid-flight like the admin path, so the fix instead retains the org's/subscription's already-loaded `.plan` (never a hardcoded `'free'`) and emits `billing.webhook.plan_unresolved` for manual review — only a brand-new subscription with zero prior plan reference (no DB row anywhere for that org) still defaults to `'free'`; see pierreb-devkit/Node#3970
+- [2026-07-25] billing: `forceRotateForPlanChange` (week-quota snapshot rotation) was wired only into `handleSubscriptionUpdated`'s plan-change block -> `handleCheckoutCompleted` and both branches of `handleSubscriptionCreated` never rotated the current-week quota snapshot after a mid-week plan activation, so an upgraded org kept the previous plan's weekly quota (often 0 on free→paid) until the next weekly reset; fixed by calling the same non-fatal, logged `forceRotateForPlanChange(organizationId, { preserveUsage: true })` from all three activation call sites, and by making `billing.usage.service.js incrementMeter` read the live plan quota (already fetched for the snapshot write) instead of the potentially-stale `updatedDoc.meterQuota` for overflow decisions — mirrors the existing live-quota display fix in `billing.controller.js`; see pierreb-devkit/Node#3988
diff --git a/modules/billing/services/billing.usage.service.js b/modules/billing/services/billing.usage.service.js
index daacc099e..07ee247c1 100644
--- a/modules/billing/services/billing.usage.service.js
+++ b/modules/billing/services/billing.usage.service.js
@@ -114,14 +114,20 @@ const incrementMeter = async (organizationId, units, breakdown, idempotencyKey)
     return {
       applied: false,
       meterUsed: existing?.meterUsed ?? 0,
-      meterQuota: existing?.meterQuota ?? meterQuota,
+      // Live plan quota (fetched above), not the stored snapshot — same rationale as the
+      // non-replay path below: the stored week-doc snapshot goes stale after a mid-week
+      // plan change, so a replayed call must not report a pre-rotation quota either.
+      meterQuota,
       extrasConsumed: 0,
       alertCrossed: null,
     };
   }
 
   const newMeterUsed = updatedDoc.meterUsed ?? 0;
-  const effectiveQuota = updatedDoc.meterQuota ?? meterQuota;
+  // Use the LIVE plan quota (fetched above), not updatedDoc.meterQuota — the stored
+  // week-doc snapshot goes stale after a mid-week plan change: the live plan config
+  // is authoritative for overflow decisions (mirrors the display fix in billing.controller.js).
+  const effectiveQuota = meterQuota;
 
   // Overflow detection: units consumed beyond the plan quota go to extras.
   // Free plan (effectiveQuota === 0): every unit must be debited from extras —
diff --git a/modules/billing/services/billing.webhook.service.js b/modules/billing/services/billing.webhook.service.js
index ec3b86f24..c48129127 100644
--- a/modules/billing/services/billing.webhook.service.js
+++ b/modules/billing/services/billing.webhook.service.js
@@ -308,6 +308,19 @@ const handleCheckoutCompleted = async (session, event) => {
   }
 
   await syncOrganizationPlan(organizationId, plan);
+
+  // Checkout activation can land mid-week on a pre-existing week doc (created earlier under
+  // the prior plan) — refresh the stored quota snapshot so it stays honest for reconcile/
+  // display-fallback. Non-fatal: usage attribution itself reads the live quota
+  // (billing.usage.service.js), so a failure here does not misprice usage, only the snapshot.
+  try {
+    await BillingResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange(organizationId, { preserveUsage: true });
+  } catch (err) {
+    logger.warn('[billing.webhook] forceRotateForPlanChange failed after checkout.session.completed', {
+      organizationId,
+      error: err?.message ?? String(err),
+    });
+  }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -1222,6 +1235,17 @@ const handleSubscriptionCreated = async (subscription, event) => {
       throw err;
     }
     await syncOrganizationPlan(organizationId, newPlan);
+
+    // Keeps the stored week snapshot honest for reconcile/display-fallback — same
+    // rationale as the checkout.session.completed activation path above.
+    try {
+      await BillingResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange(organizationId, { preserveUsage: true });
+    } catch (err) {
+      logger.warn('[billing.webhook] forceRotateForPlanChange failed after subscription.created (new row)', {
+        organizationId,
+        error: err?.message ?? String(err),
+      });
+    }
     return;
   }
 
@@ -1247,6 +1271,17 @@ const handleSubscriptionCreated = async (subscription, event) => {
   }
 
   await syncOrganizationPlan(organizationId, newPlan);
+
+  // Keeps the stored week snapshot honest for reconcile/display-fallback — same
+  // rationale as the checkout.session.completed activation path above.
+  try {
+    await BillingResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange(organizationId, { preserveUsage: true });
+  } catch (err) {
+    logger.warn('[billing.webhook] forceRotateForPlanChange failed after subscription.created (existing row)', {
+      organizationId,
+      error: err?.message ?? String(err),
+    });
+  }
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/modules/billing/tests/billing.lifecycle.integration.tests.js b/modules/billing/tests/billing.lifecycle.integration.tests.js
index a9f684d66..f3f18eb11 100644
--- a/modules/billing/tests/billing.lifecycle.integration.tests.js
+++ b/modules/billing/tests/billing.lifecycle.integration.tests.js
@@ -46,6 +46,20 @@ describe('Billing meter lifecycle integration tests:', () => {
     // to the test DB before tests run. Prevents E11000 flakes on the first resetWeek sweep.
     await Subscription.syncIndexes();
 
+    // Mock Stripe so handleCheckoutCompleted can call stripe.subscriptions.retrieve without a
+    // real network call — mirrors billing.webhook.integration.tests.js. Only handleCheckoutCompleted
+    // and handleCheckoutPaymentCompleted read getStripe() in this service; neither of the other
+    // handlers exercised in this file (handleSubscriptionUpdated, handleSubscriptionCreated,
+    // BillingMeterService.attribute, BillingUsageService.incrementMeter) touch it, so this mock
+    // is inert for those tests.
+    jest.unstable_mockModule('../lib/stripe.js', () => ({
+      default: jest.fn(() => ({
+        subscriptions: {
+          retrieve: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 'active' }),
+        },
+      })),
+    }));
+
     BillingWebhookService = (await import('../services/billing.webhook.service.js')).default;
     BillingMeterService = (await import('../services/billing.meter.service.js')).default;
     BillingUsageService = (await import('../services/billing.usage.service.js')).default;
@@ -137,6 +151,146 @@ describe('Billing meter lifecycle integration tests:', () => {
     expect(usage.meterBreakdown).toEqual({ scrap: 25 });
   });
 
+  test('checkout activation refreshes the active week quota snapshot and attribution reads the live quota', async () => {
+    // Two distinct plan tiers from the project's enum, same rationale as the test above: this
+    // repo's validPlans enum (billing.webhook.service.js) is frozen at import time from
+    // config.billing.plans, not the planDefinitions this test overrides below — so pick real,
+    // already-valid plan ids rather than hardcoding literals.
+    const plans = Array.isArray(config.billing?.plans) && config.billing.plans.length >= 2
+      ? config.billing.plans
+      : ['starter', 'pro'];
+    const initialPlan = plans[0];
+    const upgradePlan = plans[plans.length - 1];
+    const initialVersion = `${initialPlan}-v1`;
+    const upgradeVersion = `${upgradePlan}-v2`;
+    const upgradeQuota = 1000;
+
+    config.billing.planDefinitions = [
+      { planId: initialPlan, version: initialVersion, meterQuota: 0, ratios: { scrap: 1 } },
+      { planId: upgradePlan, version: upgradeVersion, meterQuota: upgradeQuota, ratios: { scrap: 1 } },
+    ];
+
+    const organizationId = new mongoose.Types.ObjectId();
+    const weekKey = isoWeekKey(new Date());
+    await Organization.create({ _id: organizationId, name: 'Checkout Activation Org', slug: 'checkout-activation-org', plan: initialPlan });
+    await Subscription.create({
+      organization: organizationId,
+      stripeCustomerId: 'cus_checkout_activation',
+      stripeSubscriptionId: 'sub_checkout_activation',
+      plan: initialPlan,
+      status: 'active',
+    });
+
+    // Current-week doc pre-exists under the initial plan (created earlier that day, before checkout
+    // completed) — reproduces the latent gap: no activation handler ever rotated this snapshot, so
+    // it stayed stale at quota=0 after the mid-week upgrade. organizationId must be the ObjectId,
+    // not its string form — the schema field is ObjectId-typed.
+    await BillingUsage.create({
+      organizationId,
+      month: '2026-07',
+      weekKey,
+      counters: {},
+      meterUsed: 500,
+      meterQuota: 0,
+      planVersion: initialVersion,
+      meterBreakdown: { scrap: 500 },
+      consumedAttributionKeys: [],
+    });
+
+    await BillingWebhookService.handleCheckoutCompleted(
+      {
+        customer: 'cus_checkout_activation',
+        subscription: 'sub_checkout_activation',
+        metadata: { organizationId: organizationId.toString(), plan: upgradePlan },
+      },
+      { id: 'evt_checkout_activation', created: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) },
+    );
+
+    // (a) refresh-on-activation: the stored week snapshot must be rotated to the new plan's quota.
+    const usageAfterActivation = await BillingUsage.findOne({ organizationId, weekKey }).lean();
+    expect(usageAfterActivation.meterQuota).toBe(upgradeQuota);
+    expect(usageAfterActivation.planVersion).toBe(upgradeVersion);
+    expect(usageAfterActivation.meterUsed).toBe(500);
+
+    // (b) live-quota attribution: further usage is measured against the live upgraded quota, so it
+    // stays within quota (500 + 50 = 550 < 1000) and never drains extras.
+    const result = await BillingUsageService.incrementMeter(
+      organizationId.toString(),
+      50,
+      { scrap: 50 },
+      `${organizationId.toString()}:post-activation`,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.applied).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.meterUsed).toBe(550);
+    expect(result.meterQuota).toBe(upgradeQuota);
+    expect(result.extrasConsumed).toBe(0);
+
+    // No extras balance/ledger doc was ever created — quota-first, extras untouched.
+    const balance = await BillingExtraBalance.findOne({ organization: organizationId }).lean();
+    expect(balance).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test('subscription.created (existing row) refreshes the active week quota snapshot on a mid-week plan change', async () => {
+    const plans = Array.isArray(config.billing?.plans) && config.billing.plans.length >= 2
+      ? config.billing.plans
+      : ['starter', 'pro'];
+    const initialPlan = plans[0];
+    const upgradePlan = plans[plans.length - 1];
+    const initialVersion = `${initialPlan}-v1`;
+    const upgradeVersion = `${upgradePlan}-v2`;
+    const upgradeQuota = 2000;
+
+    config.billing.planDefinitions = [
+      { planId: initialPlan, version: initialVersion, meterQuota: 0, ratios: { scrap: 1 } },
+      { planId: upgradePlan, version: upgradeVersion, meterQuota: upgradeQuota, ratios: { scrap: 1 } },
+    ];
+
+    const organizationId = new mongoose.Types.ObjectId();
+    const weekKey = isoWeekKey(new Date());
+    await Organization.create({ _id: organizationId, name: 'Subscription Created Org', slug: 'subscription-created-org', plan: initialPlan });
+    // Existing row (found via stripeSubscriptionId) exercises the "existing row" branch of
+    // handleSubscriptionCreated — a subscription.created delivered for an already-known
+    // subscription (e.g. a Dashboard-driven plan swap) rather than a fresh checkout.
+    await Subscription.create({
+      organization: organizationId,
+      stripeCustomerId: 'cus_subscription_created',
+      stripeSubscriptionId: 'sub_subscription_created',
+      plan: initialPlan,
+      status: 'active',
+    });
+    await BillingUsage.create({
+      organizationId,
+      month: '2026-07',
+      weekKey,
+      counters: {},
+      meterUsed: 300,
+      meterQuota: 0,
+      planVersion: initialVersion,
+      meterBreakdown: { scrap: 300 },
+      consumedAttributionKeys: [],
+    });
+
+    await BillingWebhookService.handleSubscriptionCreated(
+      {
+        id: 'sub_subscription_created',
+        customer: 'cus_subscription_created',
+        status: 'active',
+        current_period_start: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - 24 * 60 * 60,
+        items: { data: [{ price: { metadata: { planId: upgradePlan } } }] },
+      },
+      { id: 'evt_subscription_created', created: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) },
+    );
+
+    const usageAfterActivation = await BillingUsage.findOne({ organizationId, weekKey }).lean();
+    expect(usageAfterActivation.meterQuota).toBe(upgradeQuota);
+    expect(usageAfterActivation.planVersion).toBe(upgradeVersion);
+    expect(usageAfterActivation.meterUsed).toBe(300);
+
+    const subscription = await Subscription.findOne({ organization: organizationId }).lean();
+    expect(subscription.plan).toBe(upgradePlan);
+  });
+
   test('attribute applies usage inline — no outbox collection created', async () => {
     config.billing.planDefinitions = [
       { planId: 'pro', version: 'pro-v1', meterQuota: 100000, ratios: { scrap: 1 } },
diff --git a/modules/billing/tests/billing.usage.service.unit.tests.js b/modules/billing/tests/billing.usage.service.unit.tests.js
index 8a04edfb3..aabe3c876 100644
--- a/modules/billing/tests/billing.usage.service.unit.tests.js
+++ b/modules/billing/tests/billing.usage.service.unit.tests.js
@@ -216,6 +216,22 @@ describe('BillingUsageService — meter extensions unit tests:', () => {
       expect(result.meterUsed).toBe(100);
     });
 
+    test('replay returns the LIVE plan quota, not the stored (possibly stale) snapshot', async () => {
+      // Same rationale as the non-replay overflow path: the stored week-doc snapshot can be
+      // stale after a mid-week plan change (e.g. rotation hasn't run yet, or failed non-fatally).
+      // A replayed call must report the live quota too, not a pre-rotation value.
+      mockSubscriptionRepository.findPlan.mockResolvedValue({ plan: 'pro' });
+      mockPlanService.getActivePlan.mockReturnValue(makePlan({ meterQuota: 1000 }));
+      mockUsageRepository.incrementMeter.mockResolvedValue(null);
+      // Stored doc still carries the stale pre-upgrade quota (0).
+      mockUsageRepository.findByWeek.mockResolvedValue(makeUsageDoc({ meterUsed: 100, meterQuota: 0 }));
+
+      const result = await BillingUsageService.incrementMeter(orgId, 100, {}, 'hist_replay_stale_snapshot');
+
+      expect(result.applied).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.meterQuota).toBe(1000);
+    });
+
     test('incrementMeter same idempotencyKey twice → second is no-op', async () => {
       mockSubscriptionRepository.findPlan.mockResolvedValue({ plan: 'pro' });
       mockPlanService.getActivePlan.mockReturnValue(makePlan());
diff --git a/modules/billing/tests/billing.webhook.checkout.unit.tests.js b/modules/billing/tests/billing.webhook.checkout.unit.tests.js
index 79fd9b6e7..1f6ed5664 100644
--- a/modules/billing/tests/billing.webhook.checkout.unit.tests.js
+++ b/modules/billing/tests/billing.webhook.checkout.unit.tests.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ describe('Billing webhook checkout unit tests:', () => {
   let mockSubscriptionRepository;
   let mockOrganizationRepository;
   let mockExtraService;
+  let mockResetService;
   let mockStripeInstance;
 
   const orgId = '507f1f77bcf86cd799439011';
@@ -70,8 +71,12 @@ describe('Billing webhook checkout unit tests:', () => {
       default: mockExtraService,
     }));
 
+    mockResetService = {
+      resetWeek: jest.fn(),
+      forceRotateForPlanChange: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+    };
     jest.unstable_mockModule('../services/billing.reset.service.js', () => ({
-      default: { resetWeek: jest.fn() },
+      default: mockResetService,
     }));
 
     jest.unstable_mockModule('../lib/events.js', () => ({
@@ -332,6 +337,50 @@ describe('Billing webhook checkout unit tests:', () => {
       );
     });
 
+    test('forceRotateForPlanChange called (preserveUsage: true) after activation', async () => {
+      const existing = { _id: subId, organization: orgId };
+      mockSubscriptionRepository.findByOrganization.mockResolvedValue(existing);
+      mockSubscriptionRepository.updateIfEventNewer.mockResolvedValue({ _id: subId });
+
+      await BillingWebhookService.handleCheckoutCompleted(
+        {
+          customer: 'cus_123',
+          subscription: 'sub_456',
+          metadata: { organizationId: orgId, plan: 'pro' },
+        },
+        checkoutEvent,
+      );
+
+      expect(mockResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange).toHaveBeenCalledWith(orgId, { preserveUsage: true });
+    });
+
+    test('forceRotateForPlanChange error is non-fatal (logged, does not throw)', async () => {
+      const existing = { _id: subId, organization: orgId };
+      mockSubscriptionRepository.findByOrganization.mockResolvedValue(existing);
+      mockSubscriptionRepository.updateIfEventNewer.mockResolvedValue({ _id: subId });
+      mockResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange.mockRejectedValue(new Error('db unavailable'));
+
+      const { default: mockLogger } = await import('../../../lib/services/logger.js');
+
+      await expect(
+        BillingWebhookService.handleCheckoutCompleted(
+          {
+            customer: 'cus_123',
+            subscription: 'sub_456',
+            metadata: { organizationId: orgId, plan: 'pro' },
+          },
+          checkoutEvent,
+        ),
+      ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+      // The subscription write already committed before the rotation call — a rotation
+      // failure must not roll it back or propagate.
+      expect(mockSubscriptionRepository.updateIfEventNewer).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockLogger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        '[billing.webhook] forceRotateForPlanChange failed after checkout.session.completed',
+        expect.objectContaining({ organizationId: orgId }),
+      );
+    });
+
     test('should create subscription with seeded markers when none exists', async () => {
       mockSubscriptionRepository.findByOrganization.mockResolvedValue(null);
       mockSubscriptionRepository.create.mockResolvedValue({});
diff --git a/modules/billing/tests/billing.webhook.priceid-map.unit.tests.js b/modules/billing/tests/billing.webhook.priceid-map.unit.tests.js
index f5bdcc66f..4d179cb46 100644
--- a/modules/billing/tests/billing.webhook.priceid-map.unit.tests.js
+++ b/modules/billing/tests/billing.webhook.priceid-map.unit.tests.js
@@ -418,6 +418,32 @@ describe('handleSubscriptionCreated — safety-net handler:', () => {
     expect(mocks.mockOrganizationRepository.setPlan).toHaveBeenCalledWith(orgId, 'pro');
   });
 
+  test('existing doc: forceRotateForPlanChange called (preserveUsage: true) after successful update', async () => {
+    const existing = { _id: subId, organization: orgId };
+    mocks.mockSubscriptionRepository.findByStripeSubscriptionId.mockResolvedValue(existing);
+
+    await BillingWebhookService.handleSubscriptionCreated(makeSubscription(), makeEvent());
+
+    expect(mocks.mockResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange).toHaveBeenCalledWith(orgId, { preserveUsage: true });
+  });
+
+  test('existing doc: forceRotateForPlanChange error is non-fatal (logged, does not throw)', async () => {
+    const existing = { _id: subId, organization: orgId };
+    mocks.mockSubscriptionRepository.findByStripeSubscriptionId.mockResolvedValue(existing);
+    mocks.mockResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange.mockRejectedValue(new Error('db unavailable'));
+
+    const { default: mockLogger } = await import('../../../lib/services/logger.js');
+
+    await expect(
+      BillingWebhookService.handleSubscriptionCreated(makeSubscription(), makeEvent()),
+    ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    expect(mocks.mockOrganizationRepository.setPlan).toHaveBeenCalledWith(orgId, 'pro');
+    expect(mockLogger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '[billing.webhook] forceRotateForPlanChange failed after subscription.created (existing row)',
+      expect.objectContaining({ organizationId: orgId }),
+    );
+  });
+
   test('existing doc: stale event — updateIfEventNewer returns null, syncOrganizationPlan NOT called', async () => {
     const existing = { _id: subId, organization: orgId };
     mocks.mockSubscriptionRepository.findByStripeSubscriptionId.mockResolvedValue(existing);
@@ -470,6 +496,43 @@ describe('handleSubscriptionCreated — safety-net handler:', () => {
     expect(mocks.mockOrganizationRepository.setPlan).toHaveBeenCalledWith(orgId, 'pro');
   });
 
+  test('Dashboard subscription: create succeeds — forceRotateForPlanChange called (preserveUsage: true)', async () => {
+    // Unit-level coverage of the new-row branch's rotation call. A real-DB integration test
+    // cannot exercise this: `organization` is a unique field on the Subscription schema
+    // (billing.subscription.model.mongoose.js), so `orgSub` being found via
+    // findByStripeCustomerId always means a row already exists for that org, and a real
+    // Subscription.create() for the same org always throws E11000 (see the sibling
+    // "race condition: E11000" test below) before reaching this call. Mocking the repository
+    // lets us assert the rotation wiring on the success branch in isolation.
+    const orgSub = { organization: orgId };
+    mocks.mockSubscriptionRepository.findByStripeSubscriptionId.mockResolvedValue(null);
+    mocks.mockSubscriptionRepository.findByStripeCustomerId.mockResolvedValue(orgSub);
+
+    await BillingWebhookService.handleSubscriptionCreated(makeSubscription(), makeEvent());
+
+    expect(mocks.mockResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange).toHaveBeenCalledWith(orgId, { preserveUsage: true });
+  });
+
+  test('Dashboard subscription: forceRotateForPlanChange error is non-fatal (logged, does not throw)', async () => {
+    const orgSub = { organization: orgId };
+    mocks.mockSubscriptionRepository.findByStripeSubscriptionId.mockResolvedValue(null);
+    mocks.mockSubscriptionRepository.findByStripeCustomerId.mockResolvedValue(orgSub);
+    mocks.mockResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange.mockRejectedValue(new Error('db unavailable'));
+
+    const { default: mockLogger } = await import('../../../lib/services/logger.js');
+
+    await expect(
+      BillingWebhookService.handleSubscriptionCreated(makeSubscription(), makeEvent()),
+    ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    // Row creation + plan sync already committed before the rotation call — a rotation
+    // failure must not roll those back or propagate.
+    expect(mocks.mockOrganizationRepository.setPlan).toHaveBeenCalledWith(orgId, 'pro');
+    expect(mockLogger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '[billing.webhook] forceRotateForPlanChange failed after subscription.created (new row)',
+      expect.objectContaining({ organizationId: orgId }),
+    );
+  });
+
   test('Dashboard subscription: resolves plan from priceId map (no metadata)', async () => {
     const orgSub = { organization: orgId };
     mocks.mockSubscriptionRepository.findByStripeSubscriptionId.mockResolvedValue(null);
@@ -565,6 +628,9 @@ describe('handleSubscriptionCreated — safety-net handler:', () => {
     const result = await BillingWebhookService.handleSubscriptionCreated(makeSubscription(), makeEvent());
 
     expect(result).toEqual({ skipped: true, reason: 'duplicate' });
+    // The duplicate-skip return happens before syncOrganizationPlan — rotation must not fire
+    // on a row this handler never actually wrote.
+    expect(mocks.mockResetService.forceRotateForPlanChange).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   test('non-duplicate DB error on create — rethrows', async () => {