From 22060ff1d34ee6a4e3500a25ff3fa4dd524fcc8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 10:55:56 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/13] copy Omicron's sort order for mock API items

---
 mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts |  6 ++-
 mock-api/msw/util.ts      | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts
index 4704eb7d8b..879083e0b8 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ describe('paginated', () => {
     const items = Array.from({ length: 200 }).map((_, i) => ({ id: 'i' + i }))
     const page = paginated({}, items)
     expect(page.items.length).toBe(100)
-    expect(page.items).toEqual(items.slice(0, 100))
-    expect(page.next_page).toBe('i100')
+    // Items are sorted by id lexicographically (matching Omicron's UUID sorting behavior)
+    const sortedItems = [...items].sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id))
+    expect(page.items).toEqual(sortedItems.slice(0, 100))
+    expect(page.next_page).toBe(sortedItems[100].id)
   })
 
   it('should return page with null `next_page` if items equal page', () => {
diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index b8360712a8..951c75962d 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -42,12 +42,68 @@ import { Rando } from './rando'
 interface PaginateOptions {
   limit?: number | null
   pageToken?: string | null
+  sortBy?:
+    | 'name_ascending'
+    | 'name_descending'
+    | 'id_ascending'
+    | 'time_and_id_ascending'
+    | 'time_and_id_descending'
 }
 export interface ResultsPage<I extends { id: string }> {
   items: I[]
   next_page: string | null
 }
 
+/**
+ * Sort items based on the sort mode. Implements default sorting behavior to
+ * match Omicron's pagination defaults.
+ * https://github.com/oxidecomputer/omicron/blob/cf38148/common/src/api/external/http_pagination.rs#L427-L428
+ * https://github.com/oxidecomputer/omicron/blob/cf38148/common/src/api/external/http_pagination.rs#L334-L335
+ * https://github.com/oxidecomputer/omicron/blob/cf38148/common/src/api/external/http_pagination.rs#L511-L512
+ */
+function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(
+  items: I[],
+  sortBy:
+    | 'name_ascending'
+    | 'name_descending'
+    | 'id_ascending'
+    | 'time_and_id_ascending'
+    | 'time_and_id_descending'
+): I[] {
+  const sorted = [...items]
+
+  switch (sortBy) {
+    case 'name_ascending':
+      return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
+        const aName = 'name' in a ? String(a.name) : a.id
+        const bName = 'name' in b ? String(b.name) : b.id
+        return aName.localeCompare(bName)
+      })
+    case 'name_descending':
+      return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
+        const aName = 'name' in a ? String(a.name) : a.id
+        const bName = 'name' in b ? String(b.name) : b.id
+        return bName.localeCompare(aName)
+      })
+    case 'id_ascending':
+      return sorted.sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id))
+    case 'time_and_id_ascending':
+      return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
+        const aTime = 'time_created' in a ? String(a.time_created) : ''
+        const bTime = 'time_created' in b ? String(b.time_created) : ''
+        const timeCompare = aTime.localeCompare(bTime)
+        return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : a.id.localeCompare(b.id)
+      })
+    case 'time_and_id_descending':
+      return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
+        const aTime = 'time_created' in a ? String(a.time_created) : ''
+        const bTime = 'time_created' in b ? String(b.time_created) : ''
+        const timeCompare = bTime.localeCompare(aTime)
+        return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : b.id.localeCompare(a.id)
+      })
+  }
+}
+
 export const paginated = <P extends PaginateOptions, I extends { id: string }>(
   params: P,
   items: I[]
@@ -55,26 +111,36 @@ export const paginated = <P extends PaginateOptions, I extends { id: string }>(
   const limit = params.limit || 100
   const pageToken = params.pageToken
 
-  let startIndex = pageToken ? items.findIndex((i) => i.id === pageToken) : 0
+  // Apply default sorting based on what fields are available, matching Omicron's defaults:
+  // - name_ascending for endpoints that support name/id sorting (most common)
+  // - id_ascending for endpoints that only support id sorting
+  // Note: time_and_id_ascending is only used when explicitly specified in sortBy
+  const sortBy =
+    params.sortBy ||
+    (items.length > 0 && 'name' in items[0] ? 'name_ascending' : 'id_ascending')
+
+  const sortedItems = sortItems(items, sortBy)
+
+  let startIndex = pageToken ? sortedItems.findIndex((i) => i.id === pageToken) : 0
   startIndex = startIndex < 0 ? 0 : startIndex
 
-  if (startIndex > items.length) {
+  if (startIndex > sortedItems.length) {
     return {
       items: [],
       next_page: null,
     }
   }
 
-  if (limit + startIndex >= items.length) {
+  if (limit + startIndex >= sortedItems.length) {
     return {
-      items: items.slice(startIndex),
+      items: sortedItems.slice(startIndex),
       next_page: null,
     }
   }
 
   return {
-    items: items.slice(startIndex, startIndex + limit),
-    next_page: `${items[startIndex + limit].id}`,
+    items: sortedItems.slice(startIndex, startIndex + limit),
+    next_page: `${sortedItems[startIndex + limit].id}`,
   }
 }
 

From f7b01d83f0da0900580808980600687ee0cd1bd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 11:03:17 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/13] A few tweaks for datetime comparisons

---
 mock-api/msw/util.ts | 26 +++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index 951c75962d..f680da70cb 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -86,20 +86,28 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(
         return bName.localeCompare(aName)
       })
     case 'id_ascending':
-      return sorted.sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id))
+      // Use pure lexicographic comparison for UUIDs to match Rust's derived Ord
+      // and avoid locale-dependent behavior
+      return sorted.sort((a, b) => (a.id < b.id ? -1 : a.id > b.id ? 1 : 0))
     case 'time_and_id_ascending':
       return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
-        const aTime = 'time_created' in a ? String(a.time_created) : ''
-        const bTime = 'time_created' in b ? String(b.time_created) : ''
-        const timeCompare = aTime.localeCompare(bTime)
-        return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : a.id.localeCompare(b.id)
+        // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
+        const aTime =
+          'time_created' in a ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+        const bTime =
+          'time_created' in b ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+        const timeCompare = aTime - bTime
+        return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : a.id < b.id ? -1 : a.id > b.id ? 1 : 0
       })
     case 'time_and_id_descending':
       return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
-        const aTime = 'time_created' in a ? String(a.time_created) : ''
-        const bTime = 'time_created' in b ? String(b.time_created) : ''
-        const timeCompare = bTime.localeCompare(aTime)
-        return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : b.id.localeCompare(a.id)
+        // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
+        const aTime =
+          'time_created' in a ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+        const bTime =
+          'time_created' in b ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+        const timeCompare = bTime - aTime
+        return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : b.id < a.id ? -1 : b.id > a.id ? 1 : 0
       })
   }
 }

From 9a664ef67c8a94381e8afe80a10ab57b797598c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 11:10:08 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/13] locale-agnostic comparisons; handle invalid dates

---
 mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts |  3 ++-
 mock-api/msw/util.ts      | 20 ++++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts
index 879083e0b8..45fb867b40 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.spec.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ describe('paginated', () => {
     const page = paginated({}, items)
     expect(page.items.length).toBe(100)
     // Items are sorted by id lexicographically (matching Omicron's UUID sorting behavior)
-    const sortedItems = [...items].sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id))
+    // Use locale-agnostic comparison to match the implementation
+    const sortedItems = [...items].sort((a, b) => (a.id < b.id ? -1 : a.id > b.id ? 1 : 0))
     expect(page.items).toEqual(sortedItems.slice(0, 100))
     expect(page.next_page).toBe(sortedItems[100].id)
   })
diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index f680da70cb..d7919c7867 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -75,15 +75,17 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(
   switch (sortBy) {
     case 'name_ascending':
       return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
+        // Use byte-wise lexicographic comparison to match Rust's String ordering,
+        // not locale-aware localeCompare()
         const aName = 'name' in a ? String(a.name) : a.id
         const bName = 'name' in b ? String(b.name) : b.id
-        return aName.localeCompare(bName)
+        return aName < bName ? -1 : aName > bName ? 1 : 0
       })
     case 'name_descending':
       return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
         const aName = 'name' in a ? String(a.name) : a.id
         const bName = 'name' in b ? String(b.name) : b.id
-        return bName.localeCompare(aName)
+        return bName < aName ? -1 : bName > aName ? 1 : 0
       })
     case 'id_ascending':
       // Use pure lexicographic comparison for UUIDs to match Rust's derived Ord
@@ -92,20 +94,26 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(
     case 'time_and_id_ascending':
       return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
         // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
-        const aTime =
+        // Normalize NaN from invalid dates to -Infinity for deterministic ordering
+        const aRaw =
           'time_created' in a ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
-        const bTime =
+        const bRaw =
           'time_created' in b ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+        const aTime = Number.isFinite(aRaw) ? aRaw : -Infinity
+        const bTime = Number.isFinite(bRaw) ? bRaw : -Infinity
         const timeCompare = aTime - bTime
         return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : a.id < b.id ? -1 : a.id > b.id ? 1 : 0
       })
     case 'time_and_id_descending':
       return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
         // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
-        const aTime =
+        // Normalize NaN from invalid dates to -Infinity for deterministic ordering
+        const aRaw =
           'time_created' in a ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
-        const bTime =
+        const bRaw =
           'time_created' in b ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+        const aTime = Number.isFinite(aRaw) ? aRaw : -Infinity
+        const bTime = Number.isFinite(bRaw) ? bRaw : -Infinity
         const timeCompare = bTime - aTime
         return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : b.id < a.id ? -1 : b.id > a.id ? 1 : 0
       })

From 942f8826b8fbf90b9ea3dc4a6183e314f4880a74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 11:32:19 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/13] refactor; handle different page tokens

---
 mock-api/msw/util.ts | 87 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index d7919c7867..98b5d3e7ae 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -39,16 +39,19 @@ import { getMockOxqlInstanceData } from '../oxql-metrics'
 import { db, lookupById } from './db'
 import { Rando } from './rando'
 
+type SortMode =
+  | 'name_ascending'
+  | 'name_descending'
+  | 'id_ascending'
+  | 'time_and_id_ascending'
+  | 'time_and_id_descending'
+
 interface PaginateOptions {
   limit?: number | null
   pageToken?: string | null
-  sortBy?:
-    | 'name_ascending'
-    | 'name_descending'
-    | 'id_ascending'
-    | 'time_and_id_ascending'
-    | 'time_and_id_descending'
+  sortBy?: SortMode
 }
+
 export interface ResultsPage<I extends { id: string }> {
   items: I[]
   next_page: string | null
@@ -61,15 +64,7 @@ export interface ResultsPage<I extends { id: string }> {
  * https://github.com/oxidecomputer/omicron/blob/cf38148/common/src/api/external/http_pagination.rs#L334-L335
  * https://github.com/oxidecomputer/omicron/blob/cf38148/common/src/api/external/http_pagination.rs#L511-L512
  */
-function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(
-  items: I[],
-  sortBy:
-    | 'name_ascending'
-    | 'name_descending'
-    | 'id_ascending'
-    | 'time_and_id_ascending'
-    | 'time_and_id_descending'
-): I[] {
+function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(items: I[], sortBy: SortMode): I[] {
   const sorted = [...items]
 
   switch (sortBy) {
@@ -120,6 +115,57 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Get the page token value for an item based on the sort mode.
+ * Matches Omicron's marker types for each scan mode.
+ */
+function getPageToken<I extends { id: string }>(item: I, sortBy: SortMode): string {
+  switch (sortBy) {
+    case 'name_ascending':
+    case 'name_descending':
+      // ScanByNameOrId uses Name as marker for name-based sorting
+      return 'name' in item ? String(item.name) : item.id
+    case 'id_ascending':
+      // ScanById uses Uuid as marker
+      return item.id
+    case 'time_and_id_ascending':
+    case 'time_and_id_descending':
+      // ScanByTimeAndId uses (DateTime, Uuid) tuple as marker
+      // Serialize as "timestamp|id" (using | since timestamps contain :)
+      const time = 'time_created' in item ? String(item.time_created) : ''
+      return `${time}|${item.id}`
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the start index for pagination based on the page token and sort mode.
+ * Handles different marker types matching Omicron's pagination behavior.
+ */
+function findStartIndex<I extends { id: string }>(
+  sortedItems: I[],
+  pageToken: string,
+  sortBy: SortMode
+): number {
+  switch (sortBy) {
+    case 'name_ascending':
+    case 'name_descending':
+      // Page token is a name - find first item with this name
+      return sortedItems.findIndex((i) => ('name' in i ? i.name === pageToken : i.id === pageToken))
+    case 'id_ascending':
+      // Page token is an ID
+      return sortedItems.findIndex((i) => i.id === pageToken)
+    case 'time_and_id_ascending':
+    case 'time_and_id_descending':
+      // Page token is "timestamp|id" - find item with matching timestamp and ID
+      const [time, id] = pageToken.split('|', 2)
+      return sortedItems.findIndex(
+        (i) =>
+          i.id === id &&
+          ('time_created' in i ? String(i.time_created) === time : false)
+      )
+  }
+}
+
 export const paginated = <P extends PaginateOptions, I extends { id: string }>(
   params: P,
   items: I[]
@@ -137,8 +183,13 @@ export const paginated = <P extends PaginateOptions, I extends { id: string }>(
 
   const sortedItems = sortItems(items, sortBy)
 
-  let startIndex = pageToken ? sortedItems.findIndex((i) => i.id === pageToken) : 0
-  startIndex = startIndex < 0 ? 0 : startIndex
+  let startIndex = pageToken ? findStartIndex(sortedItems, pageToken, sortBy) : 0
+
+  // Warn if page token not found - helps catch bugs in tests
+  if (pageToken && startIndex < 0) {
+    console.warn(`Page token "${pageToken}" not found, starting from beginning`)
+    startIndex = 0
+  }
 
   if (startIndex > sortedItems.length) {
     return {
@@ -156,7 +207,7 @@ export const paginated = <P extends PaginateOptions, I extends { id: string }>(
 
   return {
     items: sortedItems.slice(startIndex, startIndex + limit),
-    next_page: `${sortedItems[startIndex + limit].id}`,
+    next_page: getPageToken(sortedItems[startIndex + limit], sortBy),
   }
 }
 

From bb63b6d5954a41a4e03f2c738417b59bc43061ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 11:33:17 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/13] npm run fmt

---
 mock-api/msw/util.ts | 23 ++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index 98b5d3e7ae..9251169f99 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -91,9 +91,13 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(items: I[], sortBy: SortMode): I[]
         // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
         // Normalize NaN from invalid dates to -Infinity for deterministic ordering
         const aRaw =
-          'time_created' in a ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+          'time_created' in a
+            ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
+            : -Infinity
         const bRaw =
-          'time_created' in b ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+          'time_created' in b
+            ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
+            : -Infinity
         const aTime = Number.isFinite(aRaw) ? aRaw : -Infinity
         const bTime = Number.isFinite(bRaw) ? bRaw : -Infinity
         const timeCompare = aTime - bTime
@@ -104,9 +108,13 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(items: I[], sortBy: SortMode): I[]
         // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
         // Normalize NaN from invalid dates to -Infinity for deterministic ordering
         const aRaw =
-          'time_created' in a ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+          'time_created' in a
+            ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
+            : -Infinity
         const bRaw =
-          'time_created' in b ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+          'time_created' in b
+            ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
+            : -Infinity
         const aTime = Number.isFinite(aRaw) ? aRaw : -Infinity
         const bTime = Number.isFinite(bRaw) ? bRaw : -Infinity
         const timeCompare = bTime - aTime
@@ -150,7 +158,9 @@ function findStartIndex<I extends { id: string }>(
     case 'name_ascending':
     case 'name_descending':
       // Page token is a name - find first item with this name
-      return sortedItems.findIndex((i) => ('name' in i ? i.name === pageToken : i.id === pageToken))
+      return sortedItems.findIndex((i) =>
+        'name' in i ? i.name === pageToken : i.id === pageToken
+      )
     case 'id_ascending':
       // Page token is an ID
       return sortedItems.findIndex((i) => i.id === pageToken)
@@ -160,8 +170,7 @@ function findStartIndex<I extends { id: string }>(
       const [time, id] = pageToken.split('|', 2)
       return sortedItems.findIndex(
         (i) =>
-          i.id === id &&
-          ('time_created' in i ? String(i.time_created) === time : false)
+          i.id === id && ('time_created' in i ? String(i.time_created) === time : false)
       )
   }
 }

From c47a58e4c383d63d2c9be03fd1a091abd2e1c6ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 11:47:28 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/13] normalizeTime util for tokens

---
 mock-api/msw/util.ts | 19 +++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index 9251169f99..fa00a225fb 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -57,6 +57,20 @@ export interface ResultsPage<I extends { id: string }> {
   next_page: string | null
 }
 
+/**
+ * Normalize a timestamp to a canonical string format for use in page tokens.
+ * Ensures consistency between token generation and parsing.
+ */
+function normalizeTime(t: unknown): string {
+  if (t instanceof Date) {
+    return t.toISOString()
+  }
+  if (typeof t === 'string') {
+    return t
+  }
+  return ''
+}
+
 /**
  * Sort items based on the sort mode. Implements default sorting behavior to
  * match Omicron's pagination defaults.
@@ -140,7 +154,7 @@ function getPageToken<I extends { id: string }>(item: I, sortBy: SortMode): stri
     case 'time_and_id_descending':
       // ScanByTimeAndId uses (DateTime, Uuid) tuple as marker
       // Serialize as "timestamp|id" (using | since timestamps contain :)
-      const time = 'time_created' in item ? String(item.time_created) : ''
+      const time = 'time_created' in item ? normalizeTime(item.time_created) : ''
       return `${time}|${item.id}`
   }
 }
@@ -170,7 +184,8 @@ function findStartIndex<I extends { id: string }>(
       const [time, id] = pageToken.split('|', 2)
       return sortedItems.findIndex(
         (i) =>
-          i.id === id && ('time_created' in i ? String(i.time_created) === time : false)
+          i.id === id &&
+          ('time_created' in i ? normalizeTime(i.time_created) === time : false)
       )
   }
 }

From 5dc74d38a199b29a29dfb82ae3a579d87e2af1b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 12:07:38 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/13] Improvement for missing time data

---
 mock-api/msw/util.ts | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index fa00a225fb..8333b72fd0 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -181,12 +181,12 @@ function findStartIndex<I extends { id: string }>(
     case 'time_and_id_ascending':
     case 'time_and_id_descending':
       // Page token is "timestamp|id" - find item with matching timestamp and ID
+      // Use same fallback as getPageToken for items without time_created
       const [time, id] = pageToken.split('|', 2)
-      return sortedItems.findIndex(
-        (i) =>
-          i.id === id &&
-          ('time_created' in i ? normalizeTime(i.time_created) === time : false)
-      )
+      return sortedItems.findIndex((i) => {
+        const itemTime = 'time_created' in i ? normalizeTime(i.time_created) : ''
+        return i.id === id && itemTime === time
+      })
   }
 }
 

From f0d0c23d40356dad301ac1596b7f38a20ce9c578 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 20:31:33 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/13] Use Remeda's sortBy to clean up ordering

---
 mock-api/msw/util.ts | 66 +++++++++++++-------------------------------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index 6d0fcc82e7..a37103c1da 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { differenceInSeconds, subHours } from 'date-fns'
 // Works without the .js for dev server and prod build in MSW mode, but
 // playwright wants the .js. No idea why, let's just add the .js.
 import { IPv4, IPv6 } from 'ip-num/IPNumber.js'
+import * as R from 'remeda'
 import { match } from 'ts-pattern'
 
 import {
@@ -82,61 +83,32 @@ function normalizeTime(t: unknown): string {
  * https://github.com/oxidecomputer/omicron/blob/cf38148/common/src/api/external/http_pagination.rs#L511-L512
  */
 function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(items: I[], sortBy: SortMode): I[] {
-  const sorted = [...items]
+  // Extract time as number for sorting, with -Infinity fallback for items without time_created
+  const timeValue = (item: I) => {
+    const raw =
+      'time_created' in item ? new Date(item.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+    return Number.isFinite(raw) ? raw : -Infinity
+  }
 
   switch (sortBy) {
     case 'name_ascending':
-      return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
-        // Use byte-wise lexicographic comparison to match Rust's String ordering,
-        // not locale-aware localeCompare()
-        const aName = 'name' in a ? String(a.name) : a.id
-        const bName = 'name' in b ? String(b.name) : b.id
-        return aName < bName ? -1 : aName > bName ? 1 : 0
-      })
+      // Use byte-wise lexicographic comparison to match Rust's String ordering
+      return R.sortBy(items, (item) => ('name' in item ? String(item.name) : item.id))
     case 'name_descending':
-      return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
-        const aName = 'name' in a ? String(a.name) : a.id
-        const bName = 'name' in b ? String(b.name) : b.id
-        return bName < aName ? -1 : bName > aName ? 1 : 0
-      })
+      return R.pipe(
+        items,
+        R.sortBy((item) => ('name' in item ? String(item.name) : item.id)),
+        R.reverse()
+      )
     case 'id_ascending':
       // Use pure lexicographic comparison for UUIDs to match Rust's derived Ord
-      // and avoid locale-dependent behavior
-      return sorted.sort((a, b) => (a.id < b.id ? -1 : a.id > b.id ? 1 : 0))
+      return R.sortBy(items, (item) => item.id)
     case 'time_and_id_ascending':
-      return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
-        // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
-        // Normalize NaN from invalid dates to -Infinity for deterministic ordering
-        const aRaw =
-          'time_created' in a
-            ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
-            : -Infinity
-        const bRaw =
-          'time_created' in b
-            ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
-            : -Infinity
-        const aTime = Number.isFinite(aRaw) ? aRaw : -Infinity
-        const bTime = Number.isFinite(bRaw) ? bRaw : -Infinity
-        const timeCompare = aTime - bTime
-        return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : a.id < b.id ? -1 : a.id > b.id ? 1 : 0
-      })
+      // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
+      // Normalize NaN from invalid dates to -Infinity for deterministic ordering
+      return R.sortBy(items, timeValue, (item) => item.id)
     case 'time_and_id_descending':
-      return sorted.sort((a, b) => {
-        // Compare timestamps numerically to handle Date objects and non-ISO formats
-        // Normalize NaN from invalid dates to -Infinity for deterministic ordering
-        const aRaw =
-          'time_created' in a
-            ? new Date(a.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
-            : -Infinity
-        const bRaw =
-          'time_created' in b
-            ? new Date(b.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
-            : -Infinity
-        const aTime = Number.isFinite(aRaw) ? aRaw : -Infinity
-        const bTime = Number.isFinite(bRaw) ? bRaw : -Infinity
-        const timeCompare = bTime - aTime
-        return timeCompare !== 0 ? timeCompare : b.id < a.id ? -1 : b.id > a.id ? 1 : 0
-      })
+      return R.pipe(items, R.sortBy(timeValue, (item) => item.id), R.reverse())
   }
 }
 

From c181dd3f1ebf401b4db9ecb550ff03ff405ac42a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2026 09:47:23 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/13] npm run fmt

---
 mock-api/msw/util.ts            | 10 ++++++++--
 test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts           |  6 +++---
 test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts | 33 +++++++++++++++++++--------------
 test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts  |  6 ++++--
 test/e2e/pagination.e2e.ts      | 25 +++++++++++++++----------
 test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts       | 27 +++++++++++++++------------
 6 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index a37103c1da..11bf920130 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(items: I[], sortBy: SortMode): I[]
   // Extract time as number for sorting, with -Infinity fallback for items without time_created
   const timeValue = (item: I) => {
     const raw =
-      'time_created' in item ? new Date(item.time_created as string | Date).valueOf() : -Infinity
+      'time_created' in item
+        ? new Date(item.time_created as string | Date).valueOf()
+        : -Infinity
     return Number.isFinite(raw) ? raw : -Infinity
   }
 
@@ -108,7 +110,11 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(items: I[], sortBy: SortMode): I[]
       // Normalize NaN from invalid dates to -Infinity for deterministic ordering
       return R.sortBy(items, timeValue, (item) => item.id)
     case 'time_and_id_descending':
-      return R.pipe(items, R.sortBy(timeValue, (item) => item.id), R.reverse())
+      return R.pipe(
+        items,
+        R.sortBy(timeValue, (item) => item.id),
+        R.reverse()
+      )
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
index cb5ac57277..d7d517e6a6 100644
--- a/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
@@ -134,11 +134,11 @@ test.describe('Disk create', () => {
     await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'delete-500' }).click()
   })
 
-  // max-size snapshot required a fix
-  test('from max-size snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
+  // Using disk-1-snapshot-11 since it's on page 1 after sorting and doesn't have ambiguous matches
+  test('from snapshot on page 1', async ({ page }) => {
     await page.getByRole('radio', { name: 'Snapshot' }).click()
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Source snapshot' }).click()
-    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'snapshot-max' }).click()
+    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-11', exact: true }).click()
   })
 
   test('from image', async ({ page }) => {
diff --git a/test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts
index a839759be3..797a9ad5d4 100644
--- a/test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts
@@ -360,10 +360,12 @@ test('create instance with a silo image', async ({ page }) => {
   const instanceName = 'my-existing-disk-2'
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/instances-new')
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  // Use arch-2022-06-01 - first silo image after sorting
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create instance' }).click()
   await expect(page).toHaveURL(`/projects/mock-project/instances/${instanceName}/storage`)
-  await expectVisible(page, [`h1:has-text("${instanceName}")`, 'text=10 GiB'])
+  // arch-2022-06-01 has size 3 GiB
+  await expectVisible(page, [`h1:has-text("${instanceName}")`, 'text=3 GiB'])
 })
 
 test('start with an existing disk, but then switch to a silo image', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -371,10 +373,12 @@ test('start with an existing disk, but then switch to a silo image', async ({ pa
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/instances-new')
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
   await selectAnExistingDisk(page, 'disk-7')
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  // Use arch-2022-06-01 - first silo image after sorting
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create instance' }).click()
   await expect(page).toHaveURL(`/projects/mock-project/instances/${instanceName}/storage`)
-  await expectVisible(page, [`h1:has-text("${instanceName}")`, 'text=8 GiB'])
+  // arch-2022-06-01 has size 3 GiB
+  await expectVisible(page, [`h1:has-text("${instanceName}")`, 'text=3 GiB'])
   await expectNotVisible(page, ['text=disk-7'])
 })
 
@@ -667,7 +671,8 @@ test('Validate CPU and RAM', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/instances-new')
 
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill('db2')
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  // Use arch-2022-06-01 - first silo image after sorting
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   await page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Custom' }).click()
 
@@ -702,7 +707,7 @@ test('create instance with IPv6-only networking', async ({ page }) => {
 
   const instanceName = 'ipv6-only-instance'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -746,7 +751,7 @@ test('create instance with IPv4-only networking', async ({ page }) => {
 
   const instanceName = 'ipv4-only-instance'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -789,7 +794,7 @@ test('create instance with dual-stack networking shows both IPs', async ({ page
 
   const instanceName = 'dual-stack-instance'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -829,7 +834,7 @@ test('create instance with custom IPv4-only NIC constrains ephemeral IP to IPv4'
 
   const instanceName = 'custom-ipv4-nic-test'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -891,7 +896,7 @@ test('create instance with custom IPv6-only NIC constrains ephemeral IP to IPv6'
 
   const instanceName = 'custom-ipv6-nic-test'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -953,7 +958,7 @@ test('create instance with custom dual-stack NIC allows both IPv4 and IPv6 ephem
 
   const instanceName = 'custom-dual-stack-nic-test'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -1011,7 +1016,7 @@ test('ephemeral IP checkbox disabled when no NICs configured', async ({ page })
 
   const instanceName = 'ephemeral-ip-nic-test'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -1093,7 +1098,7 @@ test('network interface options disabled when no VPCs exist', async ({ page }) =
 
   const instanceName = 'test-no-vpc-instance'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -1222,7 +1227,7 @@ test('can create instance with read-only boot disk', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
 
   // Select a silo image
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Check the read-only checkbox
   await page.getByRole('checkbox', { name: 'Make disk read-only' }).check()
diff --git a/test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts
index ec45ba65d2..4c902836f3 100644
--- a/test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts
@@ -129,12 +129,14 @@ test('Create disk', async ({ page }) => {
 
   await page.getByRole('radio', { name: 'Snapshot' }).click()
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Source snapshot' }).click()
-  await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'snapshot-heavy' }).click()
+  // Use disk-1-snapshot-11 since it's on page 1 after sorting and doesn't have ambiguous matches
+  await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-11', exact: true }).click()
 
   await createForm.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create disk' }).click()
 
   const otherDisksTable = page.getByRole('table', { name: 'Additional disks' })
-  await expectRowVisible(otherDisksTable, { Disk: 'created-disk', size: '20 GiB' })
+  // disk-1-snapshot-11 has size 4 KiB (index 3, so 1024 * 4)
+  await expectRowVisible(otherDisksTable, { Disk: 'created-disk', size: '4 KiB' })
 })
 
 test('Detach disk', async ({ page }) => {
diff --git a/test/e2e/pagination.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/pagination.e2e.ts
index a0eb9179f8..3b0e16000f 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pagination.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/pagination.e2e.ts
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ test('pagination', async ({ page }) => {
   await expect(spinner).toBeHidden()
   await expect(prevButton).toBeDisabled() // we're on the first page
 
-  await expectCell(page, 'snapshot-1')
-  await expectCell(page, `disk-1-snapshot-${PAGE_SIZE}`)
+  // Items are sorted by name, so first page has: delete-500, disk-1-snapshot-10, ..., disk-1-snapshot-143
+  await expectCell(page, 'delete-500')
+  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-143')
   await expect(rows).toHaveCount(PAGE_SIZE)
 
   await scrollTo(page, 100)
@@ -42,18 +43,21 @@ test('pagination', async ({ page }) => {
   await expect(spinner).toBeHidden()
   await expectScrollTop(page, 0) // scroll resets to top on page change
 
-  await expectCell(page, `disk-1-snapshot-${PAGE_SIZE + 1}`)
-  await expectCell(page, `disk-1-snapshot-${2 * PAGE_SIZE}`)
+  // Page 2: disk-1-snapshot-144 to disk-1-snapshot-40
+  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-144')
+  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-40')
   await expect(rows).toHaveCount(PAGE_SIZE)
 
   await nextButton.click()
-  await expectCell(page, `disk-1-snapshot-${2 * PAGE_SIZE + 1}`)
-  await expectCell(page, `disk-1-snapshot-${3 * PAGE_SIZE}`)
+  // Page 3: disk-1-snapshot-41 to disk-1-snapshot-89
+  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-41')
+  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-89')
   await expect(rows).toHaveCount(PAGE_SIZE)
 
   await nextButton.click()
-  await expectCell(page, `disk-1-snapshot-${3 * PAGE_SIZE + 1}`)
-  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-167')
+  // Page 4: disk-1-snapshot-9 to snapshot-max-size (17 items)
+  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-9')
+  await expectCell(page, 'snapshot-max-size')
   await expect(rows).toHaveCount(17)
   await expect(nextButton).toBeDisabled() // no more pages
 
@@ -62,8 +66,9 @@ test('pagination', async ({ page }) => {
   await prevButton.click()
   await expect(spinner).toBeHidden({ timeout: 10 }) // no spinner, cached page
   await expect(rows).toHaveCount(PAGE_SIZE)
-  await expectCell(page, `disk-1-snapshot-${2 * PAGE_SIZE + 1}`)
-  await expectCell(page, `disk-1-snapshot-${3 * PAGE_SIZE}`)
+  // Back to page 3
+  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-41')
+  await expectCell(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-89')
   await expectScrollTop(page, 0) // scroll resets to top on prev too
 
   await nextButton.click()
diff --git a/test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts
index c6ddc8183d..aece2a7df0 100644
--- a/test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts
@@ -12,24 +12,24 @@ test('Click through snapshots', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.click('role=link[name*="Snapshots"]')
   await expectVisible(page, [
     'role=heading[name*="Snapshots"]',
-    'role=cell[name="snapshot-1"]',
-    'role=cell[name="snapshot-2"]',
     'role=cell[name="delete-500"]',
-    'role=cell[name="snapshot-4"]',
-    'role=cell[name="snapshot-disk-deleted"]',
+    'role=cell[name="disk-1-snapshot-10"]',
+    'role=cell[name="disk-1-snapshot-100"]',
+    'role=cell[name="disk-1-snapshot-11"]',
+    'role=cell[name="disk-1-snapshot-12"]',
   ])
 
   // test async disk name fetch
   const table = page.getByRole('table')
-  await expectRowVisible(table, { name: 'snapshot-1', disk: 'disk-1' })
-  await expectRowVisible(table, { name: 'snapshot-disk-deleted', disk: 'Deleted' })
+  await expectRowVisible(table, { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-10', disk: 'disk-1' })
+  await expectRowVisible(table, { name: 'delete-500', disk: 'disk-1' })
 })
 
 test('Disk button opens detail modal', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/snapshots')
 
   const table = page.getByRole('table')
-  await expectRowVisible(table, { name: 'snapshot-1', disk: 'disk-1' })
+  await expectRowVisible(table, { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-10', disk: 'disk-1' })
 
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'disk-1' }).first().click()
 
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ test('Disk button opens detail modal', async ({ page }) => {
 test('Confirm delete snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/snapshots')
 
-  const row = page.getByRole('row', { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-10' })
+  // Use disk-1-snapshot-100 which is on page 1 after sorting
+  const row = page.getByRole('row', { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-100' })
 
   // scroll so the dropdown menu isn't behind the pagination bar
   await row.scrollIntoViewIfNeeded()
@@ -97,11 +98,12 @@ test('Error on delete snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
 test('Create image from snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/snapshots')
 
-  await clickRowAction(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-8', 'Create image')
+  // Use disk-1-snapshot-100 which is on page 1 after sorting
+  await clickRowAction(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-100', 'Create image')
 
   await expectVisible(page, ['role=dialog[name="Create image from snapshot"]'])
 
-  await page.fill('role=textbox[name="Name"]', 'image-from-snapshot-8')
+  await page.fill('role=textbox[name="Name"]', 'image-from-snapshot-100')
   await page.fill('role=textbox[name="Description"]', 'image description')
   await page.fill('role=textbox[name="OS"]', 'Ubuntu')
   await page.fill('role=textbox[name="Version"]', '20.02')
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ test('Create image from snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
 
   await page.click('role=link[name*="Images"]')
   await expectRowVisible(page.getByRole('table'), {
-    name: 'image-from-snapshot-8',
+    name: 'image-from-snapshot-100',
     description: 'image description',
   })
 })
@@ -120,7 +122,8 @@ test('Create image from snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
 test('Create image from snapshot, name taken', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/snapshots')
 
-  await clickRowAction(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-8', 'Create image')
+  // Use disk-1-snapshot-100 which is on page 1 after sorting
+  await clickRowAction(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-100', 'Create image')
 
   await expectVisible(page, ['role=dialog[name="Create image from snapshot"]'])
 

From 5b5199ec2f403e0f2dd48772882229beee9ec165 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2026 11:09:56 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/13] Update tests to use first item in list

---
 test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts               |  4 ++--
 test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts     |  8 ++++----
 test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts      |  8 ++++----
 test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts | 14 ++++++--------
 test/e2e/instance-serial.e2e.ts     |  2 +-
 test/e2e/inventory.e2e.ts           |  5 +++--
 test/e2e/ip-pool-silo-config.e2e.ts |  8 ++++----
 7 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
index d7d517e6a6..c014929c08 100644
--- a/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
@@ -134,11 +134,11 @@ test.describe('Disk create', () => {
     await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'delete-500' }).click()
   })
 
-  // Using disk-1-snapshot-11 since it's on page 1 after sorting and doesn't have ambiguous matches
+  // Using delete-500 - it's first alphabetically and always loads in dropdown
   test('from snapshot on page 1', async ({ page }) => {
     await page.getByRole('radio', { name: 'Snapshot' }).click()
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Source snapshot' }).click()
-    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-11', exact: true }).click()
+    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'delete-500' }).click()
   })
 
   test('from image', async ({ page }) => {
diff --git a/test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts
index 797a9ad5d4..40496c7e28 100644
--- a/test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/instance-create.e2e.ts
@@ -364,8 +364,8 @@ test('create instance with a silo image', async ({ page }) => {
   await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create instance' }).click()
   await expect(page).toHaveURL(`/projects/mock-project/instances/${instanceName}/storage`)
-  // arch-2022-06-01 has size 3 GiB
-  await expectVisible(page, [`h1:has-text("${instanceName}")`, 'text=3 GiB'])
+  // Boot disk size defaults to 10 GiB
+  await expectVisible(page, [`h1:has-text("${instanceName}")`, 'text=10 GiB'])
 })
 
 test('start with an existing disk, but then switch to a silo image', async ({ page }) => {
@@ -377,8 +377,8 @@ test('start with an existing disk, but then switch to a silo image', async ({ pa
   await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create instance' }).click()
   await expect(page).toHaveURL(`/projects/mock-project/instances/${instanceName}/storage`)
-  // arch-2022-06-01 has size 3 GiB
-  await expectVisible(page, [`h1:has-text("${instanceName}")`, 'text=3 GiB'])
+  // Boot disk size defaults to 10 GiB
+  await expectVisible(page, [`h1:has-text("${instanceName}")`, 'text=10 GiB'])
   await expectNotVisible(page, ['text=disk-7'])
 })
 
diff --git a/test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts
index 4c902836f3..ad78e1f0e7 100644
--- a/test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/instance-disks.e2e.ts
@@ -129,14 +129,14 @@ test('Create disk', async ({ page }) => {
 
   await page.getByRole('radio', { name: 'Snapshot' }).click()
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Source snapshot' }).click()
-  // Use disk-1-snapshot-11 since it's on page 1 after sorting and doesn't have ambiguous matches
-  await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-11', exact: true }).click()
+  // Use delete-500 - it's first alphabetically and always loads in this dropdown context
+  await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'delete-500' }).click()
 
   await createForm.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create disk' }).click()
 
   const otherDisksTable = page.getByRole('table', { name: 'Additional disks' })
-  // disk-1-snapshot-11 has size 4 KiB (index 3, so 1024 * 4)
-  await expectRowVisible(otherDisksTable, { Disk: 'created-disk', size: '4 KiB' })
+  // Disks created from snapshots use default size of 10 GiB
+  await expectRowVisible(otherDisksTable, { Disk: 'created-disk', size: '10 GiB' })
 })
 
 test('Detach disk', async ({ page }) => {
diff --git a/test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts
index 6207af8487..2a7b83f67b 100644
--- a/test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts
@@ -192,19 +192,17 @@ test('Instance networking tab — floating IPs', async ({ page }) => {
   await attachFloatingIpButton.click()
   await expectVisible(page, ['role=heading[name="Attach floating IP"]'])
 
-  // Select the 'rootbeer-float' option
+  // Select the first available floating IP (after sorting: 'cola-float')
   const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog')
   // TODO: this "select the option" syntax is awkward; it's working, but I suspect there's a better way
   await dialog.getByLabel('Floating IP').click()
   await page.keyboard.press('ArrowDown')
   await page.keyboard.press('Enter')
-  // await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'rootbeer-float' }).click()
-  // await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'rootbeer-float123.4.56.4/A classic.' }).click()
   await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Attach' }).click()
 
   // Confirm the modal is gone and the new row is showing on the page
   await expect(page.getByRole('dialog')).toBeHidden()
-  await expectRowVisible(externalIpTable, { name: 'rootbeer-float' })
+  await expectRowVisible(externalIpTable, { name: 'cola-float' })
 
   // Button should still be enabled because there's an IPv6 floating IP available
   await expect(attachFloatingIpButton).toBeEnabled()
@@ -329,7 +327,7 @@ test('IPv4-only instance cannot attach IPv6 ephemeral IP', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/instances-new')
   const instanceName = 'ipv4-only-test'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion and select IPv4-only
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -384,7 +382,7 @@ test('IPv6-only instance cannot attach IPv4 ephemeral IP', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/instances-new')
   const instanceName = 'ipv6-only-test'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion and select IPv6-only
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -439,7 +437,7 @@ test('IPv4-only instance can attach IPv4 ephemeral IP', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/instances-new')
   const instanceName = 'ipv4-success-test'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion and select IPv4-only
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -488,7 +486,7 @@ test('IPv6-only instance can attach IPv6 ephemeral IP', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/instances-new')
   const instanceName = 'ipv6-success-test'
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill(instanceName)
-  await selectASiloImage(page, 'ubuntu-22-04')
+  await selectASiloImage(page, 'arch-2022-06-01')
 
   // Open networking accordion and select IPv6-only
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
diff --git a/test/e2e/instance-serial.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/instance-serial.e2e.ts
index c5082e9a15..aa7871d7f8 100644
--- a/test/e2e/instance-serial.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/instance-serial.e2e.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ test('serial console can connect while starting', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/instances-new')
   await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Name', exact: true }).fill('abc')
   await page.getByPlaceholder('Select a silo image').click()
-  await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'ubuntu-22-04' }).click()
+  await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'arch-2022-06-01' }).click()
 
   await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create instance' }).click()
 
diff --git a/test/e2e/inventory.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/inventory.e2e.ts
index b77f9e65d3..0816663af5 100644
--- a/test/e2e/inventory.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/inventory.e2e.ts
@@ -51,11 +51,12 @@ test('Sled inventory page', async ({ page }) => {
     state: 'decommissioned',
   })
 
-  // Visit the sled detail page of the first sled
+  // Visit the sled detail page of the first sled (after sorting by ID, it's the sled with ID 1ec7df9d)
   await sledsTable.getByRole('link').first().click()
 
   await expectVisible(page, ['role=heading[name*="Sled"]'])
-  await expect(page.getByText('serialBRM02222869')).toBeVisible()
+  // After sorting by ID, first sled has serial BRM02222870
+  await expect(page.getByText('serialBRM02222870')).toBeVisible()
 
   const instancesTab = page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Instances' })
   await expect(instancesTab).toBeVisible()
diff --git a/test/e2e/ip-pool-silo-config.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/ip-pool-silo-config.e2e.ts
index c7df2a5fe3..6e3abc0019 100644
--- a/test/e2e/ip-pool-silo-config.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/ip-pool-silo-config.e2e.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ test.describe('IP pool configuration: myriad silo (v4-only default)', () => {
     // Select a silo image for boot disk
     await page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Silo images' }).click()
     await page.getByPlaceholder('Select a silo image', { exact: true }).click()
-    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'ubuntu-22-04' }).click()
+    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'arch-2022-06-01' }).click()
 
     // Open networking accordion
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ test.describe('IP pool configuration: thrax silo (v6-only default)', () => {
     // Select a silo image for boot disk
     await page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Silo images' }).click()
     await page.getByPlaceholder('Select a silo image', { exact: true }).click()
-    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'ubuntu-22-04' }).click()
+    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'arch-2022-06-01' }).click()
 
     // Open networking accordion
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ test.describe('IP pool configuration: pelerines silo (no defaults)', () => {
     // Select a silo image for boot disk
     await page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Silo images' }).click()
     await page.getByPlaceholder('Select a silo image', { exact: true }).click()
-    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'ubuntu-22-04' }).click()
+    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'arch-2022-06-01' }).click()
 
     // Open networking accordion
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ test.describe('IP pool configuration: no-pools silo (no IP pools)', () => {
 
     await page.getByRole('tab', { name: 'Silo images' }).click()
     await page.getByPlaceholder('Select a silo image', { exact: true }).click()
-    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'ubuntu-22-04' }).click()
+    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'arch-2022-06-01' }).click()
 
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Networking' }).click()
 

From c7613218eb5fe80fbea303191c3e61fafdbc87af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2026 12:28:56 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/13] Revert to edge case for snapshot-max-size

---
 app/forms/disk-create.tsx | 9 +++++++--
 test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts     | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/app/forms/disk-create.tsx b/app/forms/disk-create.tsx
index c63a76e388..2303416e38 100644
--- a/app/forms/disk-create.tsx
+++ b/app/forms/disk-create.tsx
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import { FieldLabel } from '~/ui/lib/FieldLabel'
 import { Radio } from '~/ui/lib/Radio'
 import { RadioGroup } from '~/ui/lib/RadioGroup'
 import { Slash } from '~/ui/lib/Slash'
+import { ALL_ISH } from '~/util/consts'
 import { toLocaleDateString } from '~/util/date'
 import { diskSizeNearest10 } from '~/util/math'
 import { bytesToGiB, GiB } from '~/util/units'
@@ -117,7 +118,9 @@ export function CreateDiskSideModalForm({
   )
   const areImagesLoading = projectImages.isPending || siloImages.isPending
 
-  const snapshotsQuery = useQuery(q(api.snapshotList, { query: { project } }))
+  const snapshotsQuery = useQuery(
+    q(api.snapshotList, { query: { project, limit: ALL_ISH } })
+  )
   const snapshots = snapshotsQuery.data?.items || []
 
   // validate disk source size
@@ -394,7 +397,9 @@ const DiskNameFromId = ({ disk }: { disk: string }) => {
 
 const SnapshotSelectField = ({ control }: { control: Control<DiskCreateForm> }) => {
   const { project } = useProjectSelector()
-  const snapshotsQuery = useQuery(q(api.snapshotList, { query: { project } }))
+  const snapshotsQuery = useQuery(
+    q(api.snapshotList, { query: { project, limit: ALL_ISH } })
+  )
 
   const snapshots = snapshotsQuery.data?.items || []
   const diskSizeField = useController({ control, name: 'size' }).field
diff --git a/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
index c014929c08..914f977e32 100644
--- a/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/disks.e2e.ts
@@ -134,11 +134,11 @@ test.describe('Disk create', () => {
     await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'delete-500' }).click()
   })
 
-  // Using delete-500 - it's first alphabetically and always loads in dropdown
-  test('from snapshot on page 1', async ({ page }) => {
+  // max-size snapshot required a fix to load all snapshots in dropdown
+  test('from max-size snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
     await page.getByRole('radio', { name: 'Snapshot' }).click()
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Source snapshot' }).click()
-    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'delete-500' }).click()
+    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'snapshot-max-size' }).click()
   })
 
   test('from image', async ({ page }) => {

From 24d2a0dc9e1c1b33df0778dce0baa6a7c40a071b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2026 12:41:57 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/13] Remove unnecessary comments

---
 test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts | 1 -
 test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts           | 3 ---
 2 files changed, 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts
index 2a7b83f67b..239d021a95 100644
--- a/test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/instance-networking.e2e.ts
@@ -192,7 +192,6 @@ test('Instance networking tab — floating IPs', async ({ page }) => {
   await attachFloatingIpButton.click()
   await expectVisible(page, ['role=heading[name="Attach floating IP"]'])
 
-  // Select the first available floating IP (after sorting: 'cola-float')
   const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog')
   // TODO: this "select the option" syntax is awkward; it's working, but I suspect there's a better way
   await dialog.getByLabel('Floating IP').click()
diff --git a/test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts b/test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts
index aece2a7df0..adfa64ea47 100644
--- a/test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts
+++ b/test/e2e/snapshots.e2e.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ test('Disk button opens detail modal', async ({ page }) => {
 test('Confirm delete snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/snapshots')
 
-  // Use disk-1-snapshot-100 which is on page 1 after sorting
   const row = page.getByRole('row', { name: 'disk-1-snapshot-100' })
 
   // scroll so the dropdown menu isn't behind the pagination bar
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@ test('Error on delete snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
 test('Create image from snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/snapshots')
 
-  // Use disk-1-snapshot-100 which is on page 1 after sorting
   await clickRowAction(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-100', 'Create image')
 
   await expectVisible(page, ['role=dialog[name="Create image from snapshot"]'])
@@ -122,7 +120,6 @@ test('Create image from snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
 test('Create image from snapshot, name taken', async ({ page }) => {
   await page.goto('/projects/mock-project/snapshots')
 
-  // Use disk-1-snapshot-100 which is on page 1 after sorting
   await clickRowAction(page, 'disk-1-snapshot-100', 'Create image')
 
   await expectVisible(page, ['role=dialog[name="Create image from snapshot"]'])

From 6e92ed25e2bc16a1fb0f9a73884d5d1cccd5cd86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Charlie Park <charlie@oxidecomputer.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2026 13:07:37 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/13] tiebreaker

---
 mock-api/msw/util.ts | 12 ++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mock-api/msw/util.ts b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
index 11bf920130..f179a483ef 100644
--- a/mock-api/msw/util.ts
+++ b/mock-api/msw/util.ts
@@ -95,11 +95,19 @@ function sortItems<I extends { id: string }>(items: I[], sortBy: SortMode): I[]
   switch (sortBy) {
     case 'name_ascending':
       // Use byte-wise lexicographic comparison to match Rust's String ordering
-      return R.sortBy(items, (item) => ('name' in item ? String(item.name) : item.id))
+      // Include ID as tiebreaker for stable pagination when names are equal
+      return R.sortBy(
+        items,
+        (item) => ('name' in item ? String(item.name) : item.id),
+        (item) => item.id
+      )
     case 'name_descending':
       return R.pipe(
         items,
-        R.sortBy((item) => ('name' in item ? String(item.name) : item.id)),
+        R.sortBy(
+          (item) => ('name' in item ? String(item.name) : item.id),
+          (item) => item.id
+        ),
         R.reverse()
       )
     case 'id_ascending':