test: add tests for non-2xx HTTP status handling (fixes #3091) #3466

Job	Run time
checks / readme-snippets	16s
checks / pre-commit	24s
checks / docs	37s
checks / test (3.11, locked, windows-latest)	1m 42s
checks / test (3.14, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 42s
checks / test (3.14, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 7s
checks / test (3.11, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 59s
checks / test (3.10, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 36s
checks / test (3.11, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 0s
checks / test (3.12, locked, windows-latest)	1m 50s
checks / test (3.12, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 16s
checks / test (3.11, locked, ubuntu-latest)	59s
checks / test (3.13, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 4s
checks / test (3.10, locked, windows-latest)	1m 51s
checks / test (3.14, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 10s
checks / test (3.14, locked, windows-latest)	1m 37s
checks / test (3.12, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 13s
checks / test (3.10, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 12s
checks / test (3.13, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 10s
checks / test (3.12, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 52s
checks / test (3.13, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 41s
checks / test (3.13, locked, windows-latest)	1m 43s
checks / test (3.10, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 6s
all-green	5s
	30m 12s

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