diff --git a/.circleci/config.yml b/.circleci/config.yml
index a8943cc0094..6f0f8cc6957 100644
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
             - uv-cache-0
       - restore_cache:
           keys:
-            - user-install-bin-cache-310
+            - user-install-bin-cache-311
 
       # Hack in uninstalls of libraries as necessary if pip doesn't do the right thing in upgrading for us...
       - run:
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ jobs:
           paths:
             - ~/.cache/uv
       - save_cache:
-          key: user-install-bin-cache-310
+          key: user-install-bin-cache-311
           paths:
-            - ~/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages
+            - ~/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages
             - ~/.local/bin
 
       - run:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scheduled_updates.yml b/.github/workflows/scheduled_updates.yml
index 71f2e5f4040..11407858aa4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scheduled_updates.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/scheduled_updates.yml
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
         # uv pip compile requires setting the python version explicitly in the command :(
         run: |
           uv pip compile pyproject.toml \
-            --python "3.10" --python-platform "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" \
+            --python "3.11" --python-platform "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" \
             --group test --group lockfile_extras \
             --resolution lowest-direct \
             --format pylock.toml --output-file tools/pylock.ci-old.toml
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 561c89598e9..8b0763afd7f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
             python: '3.12'
             kind: minimal
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
-            python: '3.10'
+            python: '3.11'
             kind: old
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             python: '3.14t'  # free-threaded
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 696687b4ff7..85aa852d912 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ repos:
           - pymef  # for mne/io/mef
           - quantities  # for mne/io/neuralynx
           - scipy
-          - typing_extensions  # TODO VERSION remove once we require Python 3.11
         args: [--no-python-downloads, --no-project]
 
   # Codespell
diff --git a/doc/changes/dev/14140.dependency.rst b/doc/changes/dev/14140.dependency.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2bdabad0dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/changes/dev/14140.dependency.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Updated minimum Python version to 3.11, by `Thomas Binns`_.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/conf.py b/doc/conf.py
index 6cec4f97214..875b88c7935 100644
--- a/doc/conf.py
+++ b/doc/conf.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+import tomllib
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from importlib.metadata import metadata
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@
 # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
 
 project = "MNE"
-td = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+td = datetime.now(tz=UTC)
 
 # We need to triage which date type we use so that incremental builds work
 # (Sphinx looks at variable changes and rewrites all files if some change)
@@ -443,17 +444,11 @@
     "pooch.HTTPDownloader",
 }
 numpydoc_validate = True
-try:
-    import tomllib
-    # TODO VERSION: Can be removed once Python 3.11 is required
-except Exception:
-    pass
-else:
-    pyproject_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "pyproject.toml"
-    pyproject = tomllib.loads(pyproject_path.read_text("utf-8"))
-    pyproject_nv = pyproject["tool"]["numpydoc_validation"]
-    numpydoc_validation_checks = set(pyproject_nv["checks"])
-    numpydoc_validation_exclude = set(pyproject_nv["exclude"])
+pyproject_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "pyproject.toml"
+pyproject = tomllib.loads(pyproject_path.read_text("utf-8"))
+pyproject_nv = pyproject["tool"]["numpydoc_validation"]
+numpydoc_validation_checks = set(pyproject_nv["checks"])
+numpydoc_validation_exclude = set(pyproject_nv["exclude"])
 
 
 # -- Sphinx-gallery configuration --------------------------------------------
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index 4bcba1108cc..491b7aa3c52 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: mne
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - python >=3.10
+  - python >=3.11
   - antio >=0.5.0
   - conda
   - curryreader >=0.1.2
diff --git a/mne/_fiff/meas_info.py b/mne/_fiff/meas_info.py
index bf0a8882759..176091c9a0b 100644
--- a/mne/_fiff/meas_info.py
+++ b/mne/_fiff/meas_info.py
@@ -2010,7 +2010,7 @@ def _check_consistency(self, prepend_error=""):
             if (
                 not isinstance(self["meas_date"], datetime.datetime)
                 or self["meas_date"].tzinfo is None
-                or self["meas_date"].tzinfo is not datetime.timezone.utc
+                or self["meas_date"].tzinfo is not datetime.UTC
             ):
                 raise RuntimeError(
                     f'{prepend_error}info["meas_date"] must be a datetime object in UTC'
@@ -3777,9 +3777,7 @@ def anonymize_info(info, daysback=None, keep_his=False, verbose=None):
         for field in keep_fields:
             _check_option("keep_his", field, valid_fields)
 
-    default_anon_dos = datetime.datetime(
-        2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc
-    )
+    default_anon_dos = datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.UTC)
     default_str = "mne_anonymize"
     default_subject_id = 0
     default_sex = 0
diff --git a/mne/_fiff/tests/test_meas_info.py b/mne/_fiff/tests/test_meas_info.py
index 8446c232acc..108060e2e2f 100644
--- a/mne/_fiff/tests/test_meas_info.py
+++ b/mne/_fiff/tests/test_meas_info.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import json
 import pickle
 import string
-from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, date, datetime, timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ def test_read_write_info(tmp_path):
 
     # Check that having a very old date in fine until you try to save it to fif
     with info._unlock(check_after=True):
-        info["meas_date"] = datetime(1800, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        info["meas_date"] = datetime(1800, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
     fname = tmp_path / "test.fif"
     with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="must be between "):
         write_info(fname, info, overwrite=True)
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ def test_info_serialization_special_types():
     info = create_info(ch_names=["EEG1"], sfreq=1000.0, ch_types="eeg")
 
     # Test meas_date (datetime)
-    meas_date = datetime(2023, 11, 13, 10, 30, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    meas_date = datetime(2023, 11, 13, 10, 30, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
     with info._unlock():
         info["meas_date"] = meas_date
 
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ def _test_anonymize_info(base_info, tmp_path):
     assert isinstance(base_info, Info)
     base_info = base_info.copy()
 
-    default_anon_dos = datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    default_anon_dos = datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
     default_str = "mne_anonymize"
     default_subject_id = 0
     default_desc = "Anonymized using a time shift" + " to preserve age at acquisition"
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ def _test_anonymize_info(base_info, tmp_path):
 
     # Fake some additional data
     _complete_info(base_info)
-    meas_date = datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    meas_date = datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
     with base_info._unlock():
         base_info["meas_date"] = meas_date
         base_info["subject_info"].update(
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ def test_meas_date_convert(stamp, dt):
     meas_datetime = _stamp_to_dt(stamp)
     stamp2 = _dt_to_stamp(meas_datetime)
     assert stamp == stamp2
-    assert meas_datetime == datetime(*dt, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    assert meas_datetime == datetime(*dt, tzinfo=UTC)
     # smoke test for info __repr__
     info = create_info(1, 1000.0, "eeg")
     with info._unlock():
@@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ def _complete_info(info):
     info["helium_info"] = dict(
         he_level_raw=np.float32(12.34),
         helium_level=np.float32(45.67),
-        meas_date=datetime(2024, 11, 14, 14, 8, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        meas_date=datetime(2024, 11, 14, 14, 8, 2, tzinfo=UTC),
         orig_file_guid="e",
     )
     info["experimenter"] = "f"
diff --git a/mne/annotations.py b/mne/annotations.py
index 3d124be6a01..ab2dd9beb6c 100644
--- a/mne/annotations.py
+++ b/mne/annotations.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from collections import Counter, OrderedDict, UserDict, UserList
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 from copy import deepcopy
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from itertools import takewhile
 from textwrap import shorten
 
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ def __init__(
             try:  # only warn if `orig_time` is not the default '1970-01-01 00:00:00'
                 if _handle_meas_date(0) == datetime.strptime(
                     orig_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
-                ).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc):
+                ).replace(tzinfo=UTC):
                     pass
             except ValueError:  # error if incorrect datetime format AND not the default
                 warn(
@@ -1772,7 +1772,7 @@ def _handle_meas_date(meas_date):
         except ValueError:
             meas_date = None
         else:
-            meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+            meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
     elif isinstance(meas_date, tuple):
         # old way
         meas_date = _stamp_to_dt(meas_date)
diff --git a/mne/export/_egimff.py b/mne/export/_egimff.py
index 185afb5f558..fd9491e259b 100644
--- a/mne/export/_egimff.py
+++ b/mne/export/_egimff.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def export_evokeds_mff(fname, evoked, history=None, *, overwrite=False, verbose=
     if op.exists(fname):
         os.remove(fname) if op.isfile(fname) else shutil.rmtree(fname)
     writer = mffpy.Writer(fname)
-    current_time = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
+    current_time = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC)
     writer.addxml("fileInfo", recordTime=current_time)
     try:
         device = info["device_info"]["type"]
diff --git a/mne/export/tests/test_export.py b/mne/export/tests/test_export.py
index b86d6aa8530..4423aa3b0f6 100644
--- a/mne/export/tests/test_export.py
+++ b/mne/export/tests/test_export.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
 from contextlib import nullcontext
-from datetime import date, datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, date, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     ["meas_date", "orig_time", "ext"],
     [
         [None, None, ".vhdr"],
-        [datetime(2022, 12, 3, 19, 1, 10, 720100, tzinfo=timezone.utc), None, ".eeg"],
+        [datetime(2022, 12, 3, 19, 1, 10, 720100, tzinfo=UTC), None, ".eeg"],
     ],
 )
 def test_export_raw_pybv(tmp_path, meas_date, orig_time, ext):
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ def _create_raw_for_edf_tests(stim_channel_index=None):
 def test_double_export_edf(tmp_path):
     """Test exporting an EDF file multiple times."""
     raw = _create_raw_for_edf_tests(stim_channel_index=2)
-    raw.info.set_meas_date(datetime(2023, 9, 4, 14, 53, 9, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    raw.info.set_meas_date(datetime(2023, 9, 4, 14, 53, 9, tzinfo=UTC))
     raw.set_annotations(Annotations(onset=[1], duration=[0], description=["test"]))
 
     # include subject info and measurement date
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ def test_rawarray_edf(tmp_path):
         hour=time_now.hour,
         minute=time_now.minute,
         second=time_now.second,
-        tzinfo=timezone.utc,
+        tzinfo=UTC,
     )
     raw.set_meas_date(meas_date)
     temp_fname = tmp_path / "test.edf"
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ def test_channel_label_too_long_for_edf_raises_error(tmp_path):
 def test_measurement_date_outside_range_valid_for_edf(tmp_path):
     """Test trying to save an EDF with a measurement date before 1985-01-01."""
     raw = _create_raw_for_edf_tests()
-    raw.set_meas_date(datetime(year=1984, month=1, day=1, tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+    raw.set_meas_date(datetime(year=1984, month=1, day=1, tzinfo=UTC))
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="EDF only allows dates from 1985 to 2084"):
         raw.export(tmp_path / "test.edf", overwrite=True)
 
diff --git a/mne/io/brainvision/brainvision.py b/mne/io/brainvision/brainvision.py
index 95714717975..9c9d978a861 100644
--- a/mne/io/brainvision/brainvision.py
+++ b/mne/io/brainvision/brainvision.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import os
 import os.path as op
 import re
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Literal
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ def _str_to_meas_date(date_str):
         else:
             raise
 
-    meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
     return meas_date
 
 
diff --git a/mne/io/brainvision/tests/test_brainvision.py b/mne/io/brainvision/tests/test_brainvision.py
index 6af6891aa86..3a500dc428c 100644
--- a/mne/io/brainvision/tests/test_brainvision.py
+++ b/mne/io/brainvision/tests/test_brainvision.py
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ def test_event_id_stability_when_save_and_fif_reload(tmp_path):
 def test_parse_impedance():
     """Test case for parsing the impedances from header."""
     expected_imp_meas_time = datetime.datetime(
-        2013, 11, 13, 16, 12, 27, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc
+        2013, 11, 13, 16, 12, 27, tzinfo=datetime.UTC
     )
     expected_imp_unit = "kOhm"
     expected_electrodes = [
diff --git a/mne/io/ctf/tests/test_ctf.py b/mne/io/ctf/tests/test_ctf.py
index 64f9bec1825..3cdccec03f0 100644
--- a/mne/io/ctf/tests/test_ctf.py
+++ b/mne/io/ctf/tests/test_ctf.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import copy
 import os
 import shutil
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from os import path as op
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -740,4 +740,4 @@ def _convert_time_bad(date_str, time_str):
         raw = read_raw_ctf(ctf_dir / ctf_fname_continuous, verbose=True)
     log = log.getvalue()
     assert "No date or time found" in log
-    assert raw.info["meas_date"] == datetime.fromtimestamp(0, tz=timezone.utc)
+    assert raw.info["meas_date"] == datetime.fromtimestamp(0, tz=UTC)
diff --git a/mne/io/curry/curry.py b/mne/io/curry/curry.py
index 066851119f2..50b87381f8e 100644
--- a/mne/io/curry/curry.py
+++ b/mne/io/curry/curry.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
 import re
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ def _get_curry_meas_info(fname):
     try:
         year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisec = meas_date
         meas_date = datetime(
-            year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisec * 1000, timezone.utc
+            year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisec * 1000, UTC
         )
     except Exception:
         meas_date = None
diff --git a/mne/io/curry/tests/test_curry.py b/mne/io/curry/tests/test_curry.py
index 6ef4b19d46a..ae9907152fb 100644
--- a/mne/io/curry/tests/test_curry.py
+++ b/mne/io/curry/tests/test_curry.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # License: BSD-3-Clause
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from shutil import copyfile
 
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ def test_read_files_missing_channel(fname, expected_channel_list):
     [
         pytest.param(
             Ref_chan_omitted_file,
-            datetime(2018, 11, 21, 12, 53, 48, 525000, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+            datetime(2018, 11, 21, 12, 53, 48, 525000, tzinfo=UTC),
             id="valid start date",
         ),
         pytest.param(curry7_rfDC_file, None, id="start date year is 0"),
diff --git a/mne/io/edf/edf.py b/mne/io/edf/edf.py
index 89c044e3e21..e818dea51f0 100644
--- a/mne/io/edf/edf.py
+++ b/mne/io/edf/edf.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import os
 import re
-from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, date, datetime, timedelta
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Literal
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ def _read_edf_header(
             except Exception:
                 hour, minute, second = 0, 0, 0
             meas_date = meas_date.replace(
-                hour=hour, minute=minute, second=second, tzinfo=timezone.utc
+                hour=hour, minute=minute, second=second, tzinfo=UTC
             )
         else:
             fid.read(8)  # skip the file's measurement time
@@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ def _read_gdf_header(fname, exclude, include=None):
                     int(tm[10:12]),
                     int(tm[12:14]),
                     int(tm[14:16]) * pow(10, 4),
-                    tzinfo=timezone.utc,
+                    tzinfo=UTC,
                 )
             except Exception:
                 pass
@@ -1565,7 +1565,7 @@ def _read_gdf_header(fname, exclude, include=None):
 
             meas_date = read_from_file_or_buffer(fid, UINT64, 1)[0]
             if meas_date != 0:
-                meas_date = datetime(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc) + timedelta(
+                meas_date = datetime(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC) + timedelta(
                     meas_date * pow(2, -32) - 367
                 )
             else:
@@ -1573,14 +1573,14 @@ def _read_gdf_header(fname, exclude, include=None):
 
             birthday = read_from_file_or_buffer(fid, UINT64, 1).tolist()[0]
             if birthday == 0:
-                birthday = datetime(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+                birthday = datetime(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
             else:
-                birthday = datetime(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc) + timedelta(
+                birthday = datetime(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC) + timedelta(
                     birthday * pow(2, -32) - 367
                 )
             patient["birthday"] = birthday
-            if patient["birthday"] != datetime(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc):
-                today = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+            if patient["birthday"] != datetime(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC):
+                today = datetime.now(tz=UTC)
                 patient["age"] = today.year - patient["birthday"].year
                 # fudge the day by -1 if today happens to be a leap day
                 day = 28 if today.month == 2 and today.day == 29 else today.day
diff --git a/mne/io/edf/tests/test_gdf.py b/mne/io/edf/tests/test_gdf.py
index 4a62163b89d..095232f7793 100644
--- a/mne/io/edf/tests/test_gdf.py
+++ b/mne/io/edf/tests/test_gdf.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
 import shutil
-from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, date, datetime, timedelta
 from io import BytesIO
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ def test_gdf2_birthday(tmp_path):
     new_fname = tmp_path / "temp.gdf"
     shutil.copyfile(gdf2_path.with_name(gdf2_path.name + ".gdf"), new_fname)
     # go back 44.5 years so the subject should show up as 44
-    offset_edf = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) - datetime(  # to their ref
-        1, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc
+    offset_edf = datetime.now(tz=UTC) - datetime(  # to their ref
+        1, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC
     )
     offset_44_yr = offset_edf - timedelta(days=int(365 * 44.5))  # 44.5 yr ago
     offset_44_yr_days = offset_44_yr.total_seconds() / (24 * 60 * 60)  # days
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def test_gdf2_birthday(tmp_path):
     raw = read_raw_gdf(new_fname, eog=None, misc=None, preload=True)
     assert "subject_info" not in raw._raw_extras[0]
     assert raw.info["subject_info"] is not None
-    birthdate = datetime(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc) + offset_44_yr
+    birthdate = datetime(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC) + offset_44_yr
     assert raw.info["subject_info"]["birthday"] == date(
         birthdate.year,
         birthdate.month,
diff --git a/mne/io/egi/egimff.py b/mne/io/egi/egimff.py
index 5d0b904805b..8dfee16292e 100644
--- a/mne/io/egi/egimff.py
+++ b/mne/io/egi/egimff.py
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ def __init__(
             egi_info["new_trigger"] = None
         assert egi_events.shape[1] == egi_info["last_samps"][-1]
 
-        meas_dt_utc = egi_info["meas_dt_local"].astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
+        meas_dt_utc = egi_info["meas_dt_local"].astimezone(datetime.UTC)
         info = _empty_info(egi_info["sfreq"])
         info["meas_date"] = _ensure_meas_date_none_or_dt(meas_dt_utc)
         info["utc_offset"] = egi_info["utc_offset"]
diff --git a/mne/io/egi/tests/test_egi.py b/mne/io/egi/tests/test_egi.py
index 91d2bd363aa..10a7435666e 100644
--- a/mne/io/egi/tests/test_egi.py
+++ b/mne/io/egi/tests/test_egi.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 import os
 from copy import deepcopy
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ def test_meas_date(fname, timestamp, utc_offset):
     """Test meas date conversion."""
     raw = read_raw_egi(fname, verbose="warning")
     dt = datetime.strptime(timestamp, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f%z")
-    measdate = dt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+    measdate = dt.astimezone(UTC)
     hour_local = int(dt.strftime("%H"))
     hour_utc = int(raw.info["meas_date"].strftime("%H"))
     local_utc_diff = hour_local - hour_utc
diff --git a/mne/io/hitachi/hitachi.py b/mne/io/hitachi/hitachi.py
index fcc4c0df717..cfb32a08c4c 100644
--- a/mne/io/hitachi/hitachi.py
+++ b/mne/io/hitachi/hitachi.py
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ def _get_hitachi_info(fname, S_offset, D_offset, ignore_names):
         )
     if meas_date is None:
         meas_date = dt.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
-    meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
+    meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=dt.UTC)
     if subject_info:
         info_extra["subject_info"] = subject_info
 
diff --git a/mne/io/hitachi/tests/test_hitachi.py b/mne/io/hitachi/tests/test_hitachi.py
index 9ec1d43545c..5784c4ceeb5 100644
--- a/mne/io/hitachi/tests/test_hitachi.py
+++ b/mne/io/hitachi/tests/test_hitachi.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ def test_hitachi_basic(
     assert raw.info["lowpass"] == lowpass
     assert raw.info["subject_info"]["sex"] == sex
     assert np.isfinite(raw.get_data()).all()
-    assert raw.info["meas_date"] == dt.datetime(*date, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
+    assert raw.info["meas_date"] == dt.datetime(*date, tzinfo=dt.UTC)
     # bad distances (zero)
     distances = source_detector_distances(raw.info)
     want = [np.nan] * (n_ch - 4)
diff --git a/mne/io/mef/mef.py b/mne/io/mef/mef.py
index 46ab9fbc6c7..c4a3787c63d 100644
--- a/mne/io/mef/mef.py
+++ b/mne/io/mef/mef.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def __init__(self, fname, password="", *, preload=False, verbose=None):
         # Indexing the start time
         meas_date = (
             (
-                dt.datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
+                dt.datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=dt.UTC)
                 + dt.timedelta(microseconds=int(start_uutc))
             )
             if start_uutc
diff --git a/mne/io/nedf/nedf.py b/mne/io/nedf/nedf.py
index 2d3404ecb75..63242a51bee 100644
--- a/mne/io/nedf/nedf.py
+++ b/mne/io/nedf/nedf.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 """Import NeuroElectrics DataFormat (NEDF) files."""
 
 from copy import deepcopy
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def _parse_nedf_header(header):
     dt.append(("data", np.dtype(datadt), (5,)))
 
     date = headerxml.findtext("StepDetails/StartDate_firstEEGTimestamp", 0)
-    info["meas_date"] = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(date) / 1000, timezone.utc)
+    info["meas_date"] = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(date) / 1000, UTC)
 
     n_samples = int(_getsubnodetext(eegset, "NumberOfRecordsOfEEG"))
     n_full, n_last = divmod(n_samples, 5)
diff --git a/mne/io/neuralynx/neuralynx.py b/mne/io/neuralynx/neuralynx.py
index b084eecfa5c..29e23026e66 100644
--- a/mne/io/neuralynx/neuralynx.py
+++ b/mne/io/neuralynx/neuralynx.py
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ def __init__(
         ]
 
         with info._unlock():
-            info["meas_date"] = meas_dates[0].astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc)
+            info["meas_date"] = meas_dates[0].astimezone(datetime.UTC)
             info["highpass"] = np.max(highpass_freqs)
             info["lowpass"] = np.min(lowpass_freqs)
 
diff --git a/mne/io/neuralynx/tests/test_neuralynx.py b/mne/io/neuralynx/tests/test_neuralynx.py
index 18578ef4ab7..64f940f1312 100644
--- a/mne/io/neuralynx/tests/test_neuralynx.py
+++ b/mne/io/neuralynx/tests/test_neuralynx.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import os
 from ast import literal_eval
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def test_neuralynx():
     assert raw.info["lowpass"] == expected_lp_freq, "lowpass freq not set correctly"
     assert raw.info["sfreq"] == expected_sfreq, "sampling freq not set correctly"
 
-    meas_date_utc = expected_meas_date.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+    meas_date_utc = expected_meas_date.astimezone(UTC)
     assert raw.info["meas_date"] == meas_date_utc, "meas_date not set correctly"
 
     # test that channel selection worked
diff --git a/mne/io/nihon/nihon.py b/mne/io/nihon/nihon.py
index c1a98b3f313..61dabd4a03f 100644
--- a/mne/io/nihon/nihon.py
+++ b/mne/io/nihon/nihon.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def _read_nihon_metadata(fname):
         fid.seek(0x40)
         meas_str = np.fromfile(fid, "|S14", 1).astype("U14")[0]
         meas_date = datetime.strptime(meas_str, "%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
-        meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
         metadata["meas_date"] = meas_date
 
     return metadata
diff --git a/mne/io/nirx/nirx.py b/mne/io/nirx/nirx.py
index 15448ee7d46..11512b416a7 100644
--- a/mne/io/nirx/nirx.py
+++ b/mne/io/nirx/nirx.py
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ def __init__(self, fname, saturated, *, preload=False, encoding=None, verbose=No
                 except ValueError:
                     pass
                 else:
-                    meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
+                    meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=dt.UTC)
                     do_break = True
                     logger.debug(f"Measurement date language {loc} detected: {dt_code}")
                     break
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ def __init__(self, fname, saturated, *, preload=False, encoding=None, verbose=No
                 "The date is being set to January 1st, 2000, "
                 f"instead of {repr(datetime_str)}."
             )
-            meas_date = dt.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
+            meas_date = dt.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=dt.UTC)
 
         # Extract frequencies of light used by machine
         if is_aurora:
diff --git a/mne/io/nirx/tests/test_nirx.py b/mne/io/nirx/tests/test_nirx.py
index 3ba2a925139..56354e9e5a6 100644
--- a/mne/io/nirx/tests/test_nirx.py
+++ b/mne/io/nirx/tests/test_nirx.py
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ def test_nirx_15_2_short():
     assert raw._data.shape == (26, 145)
     assert raw.info["sfreq"] == 12.5
     assert raw.info["meas_date"] == dt.datetime(
-        2019, 8, 23, 7, 37, 4, 540000, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc
+        2019, 8, 23, 7, 37, 4, 540000, tzinfo=dt.UTC
     )
 
     # Test channel naming
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ def test_locale_encoding(tmp_path):
         for line in hdr:
             fid.write(line)
     raw = read_raw_nirx(fname, verbose="debug")
-    want_dt = dt.datetime(2020, 1, 24, 10, 57, 41, 454000, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
+    want_dt = dt.datetime(2020, 1, 24, 10, 57, 41, 454000, tzinfo=dt.UTC)
     assert raw.info["meas_date"] == want_dt
 
 
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ def test_nirx_15_2():
     assert raw._data.shape == (64, 67)
     assert raw.info["sfreq"] == 3.90625
     assert raw.info["meas_date"] == dt.datetime(
-        2019, 10, 2, 9, 8, 47, 511000, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc
+        2019, 10, 2, 9, 8, 47, 511000, tzinfo=dt.UTC
     )
 
     # Test channel naming
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ def test_nirx_15_0():
     assert raw._data.shape == (20, 92)
     assert raw.info["sfreq"] == 6.25
     assert raw.info["meas_date"] == dt.datetime(
-        2019, 10, 27, 13, 53, 34, 209000, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc
+        2019, 10, 27, 13, 53, 34, 209000, tzinfo=dt.UTC
     )
 
     # Test channel naming
diff --git a/mne/io/nsx/nsx.py b/mne/io/nsx/nsx.py
index dc7b19f31da..f582fa46135 100644
--- a/mne/io/nsx/nsx.py
+++ b/mne/io/nsx/nsx.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
 import os
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Literal
 
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ def _read_header(fname):
                 "millisecond",
             )
         ],
-        tzinfo=timezone.utc,
+        tzinfo=UTC,
     )
     basic_header["meas_date"] = time_origin
     return basic_header
diff --git a/mne/io/persyst/persyst.py b/mne/io/persyst/persyst.py
index c33e70799b8..2c6bfb7f0bb 100644
--- a/mne/io/persyst/persyst.py
+++ b/mne/io/persyst/persyst.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import os
 import os.path as op
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def __init__(self, fname, preload=False, verbose=None):
                     hour=testtime.hour,
                     minute=testtime.minute,
                     second=testtime.second,
-                    tzinfo=timezone.utc,
+                    tzinfo=UTC,
                 )
 
         # Create mne structure
diff --git a/mne/io/snirf/_snirf.py b/mne/io/snirf/_snirf.py
index be89f90c16a..7f0acf71443 100644
--- a/mne/io/snirf/_snirf.py
+++ b/mne/io/snirf/_snirf.py
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ def natural_keys(text):
                     meas_date = datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
             else:
                 meas_date = datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
-            meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+            meas_date = meas_date.replace(tzinfo=datetime.UTC)
             with info._unlock():
                 info["meas_date"] = meas_date
 
diff --git a/mne/preprocessing/tests/test_annotate_amplitude.py b/mne/preprocessing/tests/test_annotate_amplitude.py
index 7f2699f6906..98850313d26 100644
--- a/mne/preprocessing/tests/test_annotate_amplitude.py
+++ b/mne/preprocessing/tests/test_annotate_amplitude.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 from mne.io import RawArray, read_raw_fif
 from mne.preprocessing import annotate_amplitude
 
-date = datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 10, 7, 52, 24, 405305, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+date = datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 10, 7, 52, 24, 405305, tzinfo=datetime.UTC)
 data_path = Path(testing.data_path(download=False))
 skip_fname = data_path / "misc" / "intervalrecording_raw.fif"
 
diff --git a/mne/tests/test_annotations.py b/mne/tests/test_annotations.py
index 029d1a4b564..a727cbe55ea 100644
--- a/mne/tests/test_annotations.py
+++ b/mne/tests/test_annotations.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import sys
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from itertools import repeat
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def test_basics():
             assert annot.orig_time is None
         else:
             assert isinstance(annot.orig_time, datetime)
-            assert annot.orig_time.tzinfo is timezone.utc
+            assert annot.orig_time.tzinfo is UTC
 
     pytest.raises(ValueError, Annotations, onset, duration, description[:9])
     pytest.raises(ValueError, Annotations, [onset, 1], duration, description)
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ def _assert_annotations_equal(a, b, tol=0, comp_extras_as_str=False):
             assert exa == exb, f"extras[{i}][{col}]"
 
 
-_ORIG_TIME = datetime.fromtimestamp(1038942071.7201, timezone.utc)
+_ORIG_TIME = datetime.fromtimestamp(1038942071.7201, UTC)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function", params=("ch_names", "fmt", "with_extras"))
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ def test_handle_meas_date(meas_date, out):
     """Test meas date formats."""
     if out is not None:
         assert out >= 0  # otherwise it'll break on Windows
-        out = datetime.fromtimestamp(out, timezone.utc)
+        out = datetime.fromtimestamp(out, UTC)
     assert _handle_meas_date(meas_date) == out
 
 
@@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ def test_read_annotation_txt_header(tmp_path):
     with open(fname, "w") as f:
         f.write(content)
     orig_time, _, n_rows_header = _read_annotations_txt_parse_header(fname)
-    want = datetime.fromtimestamp(1038942071.7201, timezone.utc)
+    want = datetime.fromtimestamp(1038942071.7201, UTC)
     assert orig_time == want
     assert n_rows_header == 5
 
@@ -1847,9 +1847,9 @@ def test_annot_concat_crop(meas_date, first_samp_1, first_samp_2, setting):
     meas_date_1 = meas_date_2 = None
     assert meas_date in (None, "first", "second", "both")
     if meas_date in ("first", "both"):
-        meas_date_1 = datetime(2022, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        meas_date_1 = datetime(2022, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
     if meas_date in ("second", "both"):
-        meas_date_2 = datetime(2022, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        meas_date_2 = datetime(2022, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
     del meas_date
 
     def _create_raw(eeg, sfreq, onset, description, meas_date, first_samp, setting):
diff --git a/mne/tests/test_docstring_parameters.py b/mne/tests/test_docstring_parameters.py
index 4602112af6a..e6f36d7ec32 100644
--- a/mne/tests/test_docstring_parameters.py
+++ b/mne/tests/test_docstring_parameters.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import importlib
 import inspect
 import re
+import tomllib
 import types
 import typing
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -55,11 +56,6 @@
 pyproject_path = Path(__file__).parents[2] / "pyproject.toml"
 if not pyproject_path.is_file():
     pytest.skip(f"pyproject.toml not found: {pyproject_path}", allow_module_level=True)
-try:
-    import tomllib
-except ModuleNotFoundError:
-    # TODO VERSION: Remove this when Python 3.11+ is required
-    pytest.skip("tomllib not available", allow_module_level=True)
 
 pyproject = tomllib.loads(pyproject_path.read_text("utf-8"))
 numpydoc_checks = pyproject["tool"]["numpydoc_validation"]["checks"]
diff --git a/mne/time_frequency/tests/test_tfr.py b/mne/time_frequency/tests/test_tfr.py
index 4b5c14d5985..02e256313eb 100644
--- a/mne/time_frequency/tests/test_tfr.py
+++ b/mne/time_frequency/tests/test_tfr.py
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ def test_tfr_io(inst, average_tfr, request, tmp_path):
         minute=0,
         second=sec_microsec_tuple[0],
         microsecond=sec_microsec_tuple[1],
-        tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc,
+        tzinfo=datetime.UTC,
     )
     assert tfr_loaded.info["meas_date"] == want
     with tfr.info._unlock():
diff --git a/mne/utils/_typing.py b/mne/utils/_typing.py
index 5a047e6070c..a00d68b8380 100644
--- a/mne/utils/_typing.py
+++ b/mne/utils/_typing.py
@@ -4,14 +4,7 @@
 # License: BSD-3-Clause
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
-import sys
-from typing import IO
-
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
-    from typing import Self
-else:
-    # TODO VERSION: Remove this when Python 3.11+ is required (use typing.Self)
-    from typing_extensions import Self
+from typing import IO, Self
 
 # A Matplotlib color: a named/hex string, or an RGB(A) tuple of floats. This is
 # the runtime meaning of the ``color`` numpydoc pseudo-type.
diff --git a/mne/utils/numerics.py b/mne/utils/numerics.py
index c637bf42b20..d6b148dff8e 100644
--- a/mne/utils/numerics.py
+++ b/mne/utils/numerics.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import shutil
 import sys
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, date, datetime, timedelta
 from io import BytesIO, StringIO
 from math import ceil, sqrt
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ def _julian_to_date(jd):
     # https://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/JulianDate.php
     # Thursday, A.D. 1970 Jan 1 12:00:00.0  2440588.000000
     jd_t0 = 2440588
-    datetime_t0 = datetime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    datetime_t0 = datetime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
 
     dt = timedelta(days=(jd - jd_t0))
     return (datetime_t0 + dt).date()
@@ -1013,11 +1013,7 @@ def _date_to_julian(jd_date):
 
 
 def _check_dt(dt):
-    if (
-        not isinstance(dt, datetime)
-        or dt.tzinfo is None
-        or dt.tzinfo is not timezone.utc
-    ):
+    if not isinstance(dt, datetime) or dt.tzinfo is None or dt.tzinfo is not UTC:
         raise ValueError(f"Date must be datetime object in UTC: {repr(dt)}")
 
 
@@ -1033,7 +1029,7 @@ def _stamp_to_dt(utc_stamp):
     stamp = [int(s) for s in utc_stamp]
     if len(stamp) == 1:  # In case there is no microseconds information
         stamp.append(0)
-    return datetime.fromtimestamp(0, tz=timezone.utc) + timedelta(
+    return datetime.fromtimestamp(0, tz=UTC) + timedelta(
         seconds=stamp[0], microseconds=stamp[1]
     )
 
diff --git a/mne/utils/tests/test_config.py b/mne/utils/tests/test_config.py
index 6fd4369f15a..90f8275c765 100644
--- a/mne/utils/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/mne/utils/tests/test_config.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import random
 import re
 import time
+import tomllib
 from functools import partial
 from pathlib import Path
 from urllib.error import URLError
@@ -147,7 +148,6 @@ def test_sys_info_windowing_system(monkeypatch):
 
 def test_sys_info_complete():
     """Test that sys_info is sufficiently complete."""
-    tomllib = pytest.importorskip("tomllib")  # TODO VERSION remove on Python 3.11+
     pyproject = Path(__file__).parents[3] / "pyproject.toml"
     if not pyproject.is_file():
         pytest.skip("Does not appear to be a dev installation")
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 56402be5563..fb5d896ea4f 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ dependencies = [
   "pooch >= 1.5",
   "scipy >= 1.14",  # released 2024-06-24, will become 1.15 on 2027-01-03
   "tqdm >= 4.66",
-  "typing-extensions >= 4.15; python_version < '3.11'",  # for typing.Self TODO VERSION
 ]
 description = "MNE-Python project for MEG and EEG data analysis."
 dynamic = ["version"]
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ license-files = ["LICENSE.txt"]
 maintainers = [{email = "dan@mccloy.info", name = "Dan McCloy"}]
 name = "mne"
 readme = {content-type = "text/x-rst", file = "README.rst"}
-requires-python = ">= 3.10"
+requires-python = ">= 3.11"
 # ↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑ when this changes, bump the `--python-version` in the `uv pip compile ...`
 # command in `.github/workflows/scheduled_updates.yml` (astral-sh/uv/#16333), and also
 # the `python` version for the `kind: old` matrix entry in `.github/workflows/tests.yml`
@@ -469,7 +468,7 @@ name = "Other changes"
 showcontent = true
 
 [tool.ty.environment]
-python-version = "3.10"  # minimum supported, keep in sync with requires-python
+python-version = "3.11"  # minimum supported, keep in sync with requires-python
 
 # Files that are strictly type-checked with no rule overrides. A file is added
 # here only once it passes ty cleanly; grow this list as more of the codebase is
diff --git a/tools/check_pyproject_helpers.py b/tools/check_pyproject_helpers.py
index 19277410cfb..1de1b9320a5 100644
--- a/tools/check_pyproject_helpers.py
+++ b/tools/check_pyproject_helpers.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def get_deps_to_check():
         + pyproject_data["project"]["dependencies"]
         + pyproject_data["dependency-groups"]["lockfile_extras"]
     )
-    n_want_deps = 13  # update when we add more core deps or auto-bumped pins!
+    n_want_deps = 12  # update when we add more core deps or auto-bumped pins!
     assert len(check_deps) == n_want_deps, (
         f"Number of dependencies being checked ({len(check_deps)=}) is not as "
         f"expected {n_want_deps=}"
diff --git a/tools/dev/check_steering_committee.py b/tools/dev/check_steering_committee.py
index dd62b8e5130..1de8f5e1962 100755
--- a/tools/dev/check_steering_committee.py
+++ b/tools/dev/check_steering_committee.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 import os
 import pprint
 from collections import Counter
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 
 from github import Auth, Github
 from github.Commit import Commit
@@ -30,9 +30,7 @@
 team_names = [team.name for team in teams]
 team = teams[team_names.index("MNE-Python Maintainers")]
 members = list(team.get_members())
-when = (datetime.now().astimezone(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=daysback)).replace(
-    tzinfo=None
-)
+when = (datetime.now().astimezone(UTC) - timedelta(days=daysback)).replace(tzinfo=None)
 events = {
     user.login: Counter(Total=0, Commit=0, IssueComment=0, PullRequestComment=0)
     for user in members
diff --git a/tools/dev/update_credit_json.py b/tools/dev/update_credit_json.py
index 001d6606152..f1457cb4205 100644
--- a/tools/dev/update_credit_json.py
+++ b/tools/dev/update_credit_json.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 # every PR merged within the lookback window is seen regardless of how old or
 # low-numbered it is (the monthly action runs far more often than this window).
 # For a full-history rebuild, remove the cutoff `break` below.
-cutoff = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) - datetime.timedelta(days=90)
+cutoff = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.UTC) - datetime.timedelta(days=90)
 pulls_iter = repo.get_pulls(state="closed", sort="updated", direction="desc")
 iter_ = tqdm(pulls_iter, unit="pr", desc="Traversing")
 n_added = 0
diff --git a/tools/generate_codemeta.py b/tools/generate_codemeta.py
index 5606707ffee..88383437ef5 100644
--- a/tools/generate_codemeta.py
+++ b/tools/generate_codemeta.py
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
 import subprocess
+import tomllib
 from argparse import ArgumentParser
 from datetime import date
 from pathlib import Path
 
-import tomllib
-
 parser = ArgumentParser(description="Generate codemeta.json and CITATION.cff")
 parser.add_argument("release_version", type=str)
 release_version = parser.parse_args().release_version
diff --git a/tools/github_actions_env_vars.sh b/tools/github_actions_env_vars.sh
index 510a50c9e66..4ee5591e323 100755
--- a/tools/github_actions_env_vars.sh
+++ b/tools/github_actions_env_vars.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ case "$MNE_CI_KIND" in
     minimal | old) ;;  # unique code paths, worth the slower C tracer
     *)
         case "$PYTHON_VERSION" in
-            3.10 | 3.11 | 3.12 | 3.13) COV_ARGS="" ;;
+            3.11 | 3.12 | 3.13) COV_ARGS="" ;;
         esac
         ;;
 esac
diff --git a/tools/github_actions_verify_python.sh b/tools/github_actions_verify_python.sh
index 9e5cd938782..4fae44a2ca5 100755
--- a/tools/github_actions_verify_python.sh
+++ b/tools/github_actions_verify_python.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ else
 fi
 WANT_PYTHON_VERSION=$(echo "$WANT_PYTHON_VERSION" | sed 's/t$//g')
 if [[ -z "$WANT_PYTHON_VERSION" ]]; then
-	echo "✕ ERROR: Missing required argument: want Python version (e.g., 3.10)"
+	echo "✕ ERROR: Missing required argument: want Python version (e.g., 3.11)"
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/tools/hooks/update_environment_file.py b/tools/hooks/update_environment_file.py
index 9c858ca70ad..aa1aee87792 100755
--- a/tools/hooks/update_environment_file.py
+++ b/tools/hooks/update_environment_file.py
@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@
 # Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
 
 import re
-from pathlib import Path
-
 import tomllib
+from pathlib import Path
 
 repo_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
 with open(repo_root / "pyproject.toml", "rb") as fid:
@@ -29,9 +28,6 @@
     "pymef",  # not on conda-forge
 }
 deps -= pip_deps
-deps -= {
-    "typing-extensions >= 4.15; python_version < '3.11'"
-}  # for typing.Self TODO VERSION
 
 
 def remove_spaces(version_spec):
diff --git a/tools/pylock.ci-old.toml b/tools/pylock.ci-old.toml
index 73834aefa1a..65091197adb 100644
--- a/tools/pylock.ci-old.toml
+++ b/tools/pylock.ci-old.toml
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # This file was autogenerated by uv via the following command:
-#    uv pip compile pyproject.toml --python 3.10 --python-platform x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --group test --group lockfile_extras --resolution lowest-direct --format pylock.toml --output-file tools/pylock.ci-old.toml
+#    uv pip compile pyproject.toml --python 3.11 --python-platform x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --group test --group lockfile_extras --resolution lowest-direct --format pylock.toml --output-file tools/pylock.ci-old.toml
 lock-version = "1.0"
 created-by = "uv"
-requires-python = ">=3.10"
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
 
 [[packages]]
 name = "alabaster"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ name = "charset-normalizer"
 version = "3.4.4"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/13/69/33ddede1939fdd074bce5434295f38fae7136463422fe4fd3e0e89b98062/charset_normalizer-3.4.4.tar.gz", upload-time = 2025-10-14T04:42:32Z, size = 129418, hashes = { sha256 = "94537985111c35f28720e43603b8e7b43a6ecfb2ce1d3058bbe955b73404e21a" } }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/36/3b/60cbd1f8e93aa25d1c669c649b7a655b0b5fb4c571858910ea9332678558/charset_normalizer-3.4.4-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-10-14T04:40:19Z, size = 153609, hashes = { sha256 = "9d1bb833febdff5c8927f922386db610b49db6e0d4f4ee29601d71e7c2694313" } },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/fc/de9cce525b2c5b94b47c70a4b4fb19f871b24995c728e957ee68ab1671ea/charset_normalizer-3.4.4-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-10-14T04:40:40Z, size = 151550, hashes = { sha256 = "840c25fb618a231545cbab0564a799f101b63b9901f2569faecd6b222ac72381" } },
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0a/4c/925909008ed5a988ccbb72dcc897407e5d6d3bd72410d69e051fc0c14647/charset_normalizer-3.4.4-py3-none-any.whl", upload-time = 2025-10-14T04:42:31Z, size = 53402, hashes = { sha256 = "7a32c560861a02ff789ad905a2fe94e3f840803362c84fecf1851cb4cf3dc37f" } },
 ]
 
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bd/64/d16fc0b110dbe3567
 name = "contourpy"
 version = "1.3.2"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/66/54/eb9bfc647b19f2009dd5c7f5ec51c4e6ca831725f1aea7a993034f483147/contourpy-1.3.2.tar.gz", upload-time = 2025-04-15T17:47:53Z, size = 13466130, hashes = { sha256 = "b6945942715a034c671b7fc54f9588126b0b8bf23db2696e3ca8328f3ff0ab54" } }
-wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/5c/1ee32d1c7956923202f00cf8d2a14a62ed7517bdc0ee1e55301227fc273c/contourpy-1.3.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-04-15T17:35:11Z, size = 325027, hashes = { sha256 = "ad687a04bc802cbe8b9c399c07162a3c35e227e2daccf1668eb1f278cb698631" } }]
+wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/f3/20c5d1ef4f4748e52d60771b8560cf00b69d5c6368b5c2e9311bcfa2a08b/contourpy-1.3.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-04-15T17:36:18Z, size = 326246, hashes = { sha256 = "3859783aefa2b8355697f16642695a5b9792e7a46ab86da1118a4a23a51a33d7" } }]
 
 [[packages]]
 name = "coverage"
 version = "7.13.3"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/11/43/3e4ac666cc35f231fa70c94e9f38459299de1a152813f9d2f60fc5f3ecaf/coverage-7.13.3.tar.gz", upload-time = 2026-02-03T14:02:30Z, size = 826832, hashes = { sha256 = "f7f6182d3dfb8802c1747eacbfe611b669455b69b7c037484bb1efbbb56711ac" } }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f3/68/d9766c4e298aca62ea5d9543e1dd1e4e1439d7284815244d8b7db1840bfb/coverage-7.13.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.manylinux_2_5_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2026-02-03T13:59:44Z, size = 248228, hashes = { sha256 = "fc970575799a9d17d5c3fafd83a0f6ccf5d5117cdc9ad6fbd791e9ead82418b0" } },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9c/cc/560ad6f12010344d0778e268df5ba9aa990aacccc310d478bf82bf3d302c/coverage-7.13.3-cp311-cp311-manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.manylinux_2_5_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2026-02-03T14:00:05Z, size = 252111, hashes = { sha256 = "0c2be202a83dde768937a61cdc5d06bf9fb204048ca199d93479488e6247656c" } },
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7d/fb/70af542d2d938c778c9373ce253aa4116dbe7c0a5672f78b2b2ae0e1b94b/coverage-7.13.3-py3-none-any.whl", upload-time = 2026-02-03T14:02:27Z, size = 211237, hashes = { sha256 = "90a8af9dba6429b2573199622d72e0ebf024d6276f16abce394ad4d181bb0910" } },
 ]
 
@@ -81,13 +81,6 @@ version = "0.19"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6b/5c/330ea8d383eb2ce973df34d1239b3b21e91cd8c865d21ff82902d952f91f/docutils-0.19.tar.gz", upload-time = 2022-07-05T20:17:31Z, size = 2056383, hashes = { sha256 = "33995a6753c30b7f577febfc2c50411fec6aac7f7ffeb7c4cfe5991072dcf9e6" } }
 wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/69/e391bd51bc08ed9141ecd899a0ddb61ab6465309f1eb470905c0c8868081/docutils-0.19-py3-none-any.whl", upload-time = 2022-07-05T20:17:26Z, size = 570472, hashes = { sha256 = "5e1de4d849fee02c63b040a4a3fd567f4ab104defd8a5511fbbc24a8a017efbc" } }]
 
-[[packages]]
-name = "exceptiongroup"
-version = "1.3.1"
-marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'"
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/50/79/66800aadf48771f6b62f7eb014e352e5d06856655206165d775e675a02c9/exceptiongroup-1.3.1.tar.gz", upload-time = 2025-11-21T23:01:54Z, size = 30371, hashes = { sha256 = "8b412432c6055b0b7d14c310000ae93352ed6754f70fa8f7c34141f91c4e3219" } }
-wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/0e/97c33bf5009bdbac74fd2beace167cab3f978feb69cc36f1ef79360d6c4e/exceptiongroup-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl", upload-time = 2025-11-21T23:01:53Z, size = 16740, hashes = { sha256 = "a7a39a3bd276781e98394987d3a5701d0c4edffb633bb7a5144577f82c773598" } }]
-
 [[packages]]
 name = "execnet"
 version = "2.1.2"
@@ -105,7 +98,7 @@ name = "fonttools"
 version = "4.61.1"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/ca/cf17b88a8df95691275a3d77dc0a5ad9907f328ae53acbe6795da1b2f5ed/fonttools-4.61.1.tar.gz", upload-time = 2025-12-12T17:31:24Z, size = 3565756, hashes = { sha256 = "6675329885c44657f826ef01d9e4fb33b9158e9d93c537d84ad8399539bc6f69" } }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/69/69/4ca02ee367d2c98edcaeb83fc278d20972502ee071214ad9d8ca85e06080/fonttools-4.61.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-12-12T17:29:34Z, size = 4859076, hashes = { sha256 = "a76d4cb80f41ba94a6691264be76435e5f72f2cb3cab0b092a6212855f71c2f6" } },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/79/61/1ca198af22f7dd22c17ab86e9024ed3c06299cfdb08170640e9996d501a0/fonttools-4.61.1-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-12-12T17:29:53Z, size = 5036039, hashes = { sha256 = "75c1a6dfac6abd407634420c93864a1e274ebc1c7531346d9254c0d8f6ca00f9" } },
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c7/4e/ce75a57ff3aebf6fc1f4e9d508b8e5810618a33d900ad6c19eb30b290b97/fonttools-4.61.1-py3-none-any.whl", upload-time = 2025-12-12T17:31:21Z, size = 1148996, hashes = { sha256 = "17d2bf5d541add43822bcf0c43d7d847b160c9bb01d15d5007d84e2217aaa371" } },
 ]
 
@@ -155,7 +148,7 @@ wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7b/91/984aca2ec129e27
 name = "kiwisolver"
 version = "1.4.9"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/3c/85844f1b0feb11ee581ac23fe5fce65cd049a200c1446708cc1b7f922875/kiwisolver-1.4.9.tar.gz", upload-time = 2025-08-10T21:27:49Z, size = 97564, hashes = { sha256 = "c3b22c26c6fd6811b0ae8363b95ca8ce4ea3c202d3d0975b2914310ceb1bcc4d" } }
-wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d4/42/0f333164e6307a0687d1eb9ad256215aae2f4bd5d28f4653d6cd319a3ba3/kiwisolver-1.4.9-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-08-10T21:25:39Z, size = 1628458, hashes = { sha256 = "b78efa4c6e804ecdf727e580dbb9cba85624d2e1c6b5cb059c66290063bd99a9" } }]
+wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/66/e1/e533435c0be77c3f64040d68d7a657771194a63c279f55573188161e81ca/kiwisolver-1.4.9-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-08-10T21:25:56Z, size = 1435596, hashes = { sha256 = "dc1ae486f9abcef254b5618dfb4113dd49f94c68e3e027d03cf0143f3f772b61" } }]
 
 [[packages]]
 name = "lazy-loader"
@@ -167,13 +160,13 @@ wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a1/c3/65b3814e155836a
 name = "markupsafe"
 version = "3.0.3"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/99/7690b6d4034fffd95959cbe0c02de8deb3098cc577c67bb6a24fe5d7caa7/markupsafe-3.0.3.tar.gz", upload-time = 2025-09-27T18:37:40Z, size = 80313, hashes = { sha256 = "722695808f4b6457b320fdc131280796bdceb04ab50fe1795cd540799ebe1698" } }
-wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/af/cd/ce6e848bbf2c32314c9b237839119c5a564a59725b53157c856e90937b7a/markupsafe-3.0.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-09-27T18:36:08Z, size = 20681, hashes = { sha256 = "f42d0984e947b8adf7dd6dde396e720934d12c506ce84eea8476409563607591" } }]
+wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/30/ac/0273f6fcb5f42e314c6d8cd99effae6a5354604d461b8d392b5ec9530a54/markupsafe-3.0.3-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2025-09-27T18:36:22Z, size = 22940, hashes = { sha256 = "0bf2a864d67e76e5c9a34dc26ec616a66b9888e25e7b9460e1c76d3293bd9dbf" } }]
 
 [[packages]]
 name = "matplotlib"
 version = "3.9.0"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c5/a4/a7236bf8b0137deff48737c6ccf2154ef4486e57c6a5b7c309bf515992bd/matplotlib-3.9.0.tar.gz", upload-time = 2024-05-15T23:38:15Z, size = 36069890, hashes = { sha256 = "e6d29ea6c19e34b30fb7d88b7081f869a03014f66fe06d62cc77d5a6ea88ed7a" } }
-wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a7/68/16e7b9154fae61fb29f0f3450b39b855b89e6d2c598d67302e70f96883af/matplotlib-3.9.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2024-05-15T23:37:12Z, size = 8296303, hashes = { sha256 = "eaf3978060a106fab40c328778b148f590e27f6fa3cd15a19d6892575bce387d" } }]
+wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/41/f1/115e7c79b4506b4f0533acba742babd9718ff92eeca6d4205843173b6173/matplotlib-3.9.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2024-05-15T23:37:27Z, size = 8307002, hashes = { sha256 = "76cce0f31b351e3551d1f3779420cf8f6ec0d4a8cf9c0237a3b549fd28eb4abb" } }]
 
 [[packages]]
 name = "matplotlib-inline"
@@ -185,7 +178,7 @@ wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/af/33/ee4519fa02ed11a
 name = "numpy"
 version = "2.0.0"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/05/35/fb1ada118002df3fe91b5c3b28bc0d90f879b881a5d8f68b1f9b79c44bfe/numpy-2.0.0.tar.gz", upload-time = 2024-06-16T13:24:44Z, size = 18326228, hashes = { sha256 = "cf5d1c9e6837f8af9f92b6bd3e86d513cdc11f60fd62185cc49ec7d1aba34864" } }
-wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d6/a8/6a2419c40c7b6f7cb4ef52c532c88e55490c4fa92885964757d507adddce/numpy-2.0.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2024-06-16T13:08:22Z, size = 19282097, hashes = { sha256 = "6d7696c615765091cc5093f76fd1fa069870304beaccfd58b5dcc69e55ef49c1" } }]
+wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d1/27/2a7bd6855dc717aeec5f553073a3c426b9c816126555f8e616392eab856b/numpy-2.0.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2024-06-16T13:11:54Z, size = 19292279, hashes = { sha256 = "a7039a136017eaa92c1848152827e1424701532ca8e8967fe480fe1569dae581" } }]
 
 [[packages]]
 name = "numpydoc"
@@ -203,7 +196,7 @@ wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/5b/3098db49a61ccc8
 name = "pandas"
 version = "2.2.2"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/88/d9/ecf715f34c73ccb1d8ceb82fc01cd1028a65a5f6dbc57bfa6ea155119058/pandas-2.2.2.tar.gz", upload-time = 2024-04-10T19:45:48Z, size = 4398391, hashes = { sha256 = "9e79019aba43cb4fda9e4d983f8e88ca0373adbb697ae9c6c43093218de28b54" } }
-wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/89/1b/12521efcbc6058e2673583bb096c2b5046a9df39bd73eca392c1efed24e5/pandas-2.2.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2024-04-10T19:44:19Z, size = 13032214, hashes = { sha256 = "8635c16bf3d99040fdf3ca3db669a7250ddf49c55dc4aa8fe0ae0fa8d6dcc1f0" } }]
+wheels = [{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fc/a5/4d82be566f069d7a9a702dcdf6f9106df0e0b042e738043c0cc7ddd7e3f6/pandas-2.2.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2024-04-10T19:44:46Z, size = 13031332, hashes = { sha256 = "6d2123dc9ad6a814bcdea0f099885276b31b24f7edf40f6cdbc0912672e22eee" } }]
 
 [[packages]]
 name = "parso"
@@ -223,8 +216,8 @@ name = "pillow"
 version = "10.2.0"
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f8/3e/32cbd0129a28686621434cbf17bb64bf1458bfb838f1f668262fefce145c/pillow-10.2.0.tar.gz", upload-time = 2024-01-02T09:16:59Z, size = 46212712, hashes = { sha256 = "e87f0b2c78157e12d7686b27d63c070fd65d994e8ddae6f328e0dcf4a0cd007e" } }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a5/23/3c59ba2bb48f2ab2f11c3597f50458f63ed46dcc4cedd3308f6e4ec7271f/pillow-10.2.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", upload-time = 2024-01-02T09:15:27Z, size = 4414949, hashes = { sha256 = "11fa2e5984b949b0dd6d7a94d967743d87c577ff0b83392f17cb3990d0d2fd6e" } },
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diff --git a/tutorials/preprocessing/58_fmri_gradient_artifact.py b/tutorials/preprocessing/58_fmri_gradient_artifact.py
index 68553d43edc..6448377bfc3 100644
--- a/tutorials/preprocessing/58_fmri_gradient_artifact.py
+++ b/tutorials/preprocessing/58_fmri_gradient_artifact.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 n_samples = n_trs * tr_samples
 ch_names = ["Fp1", "Fp2", "F7", "F3", "Fz", "F4", "F8", "C3", "C4", "P3", "P4", "O1"]
 n_channels = len(ch_names)
-start_time = datetime.datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+start_time = datetime.datetime(2026, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.UTC)
 rng = np.random.default_rng(0)