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Adding fstring/rstring exercise (#671)
* ajoute un exo fstring rstring * ajoute exo3
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‎_quarto.yml‎

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- index.qmd
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- 404.qmd
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- content/getting-started/index.qmd
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- content/modelisation/2_classification.qmd
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- content/getting-started/03_revisions.qmd
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‎content/getting-started/03_revisions.qmd‎

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{{< include "03_revisions/_exo1_solutions.qmd" >}}
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## Exercice 2
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Les _advent of code_ sont d'excellents problèmes pratiques pour apprendre l'algorithmique. Avec un problème par jour de difficulté croissante entre le 1er décembre et le jour de Noël, on devient très vite à l'aise avec les nombreuses structures de données qu'offre `Python`.
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Voici les objets dont nous aurons besoin pour cet exercice:
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::::
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## Exercise 2
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Advent of Code challenges are excellent practical problems for learning algorithms. With one problem per day of increasing difficulty between 1 December and Christmas Day, you will quickly become comfortable with the many data structures offered by Python.
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The next exercise proposes solving the first part of day 1 (year 2022) using only basic Python.
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::: {.callout-warning}
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It would be appropriate to use Numpy for the next problem. But the purpose of the next chapter is to show how this package simplifies basic numerical operations.
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Here are the objects we will need for this exercise:
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::::
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```{python}
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import requests
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```
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::: {.callout-tip}
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## Exercice 2
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3. En déduire l'elfe portant le plus de calories. Vérifier que vous obtenez bien sur l'exemple les calories évoquées dans la consigne.
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4. Généraliser pour résoudre le problème
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:::
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::::
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## Exercise 2
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This exercise aims to guide you in solving the problem [on this page](https://adventofcode.com/2022/day/1) (Advent of Code 2022, day 1, part one). You will need to find a more suitable data structure than the initial one.
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1. Read the instructions.
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2. Working step by step, try to find the number of calories carried by each elf in the example.
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3. Deduce which elf is carrying the most calories. Check that you have obtained the number of calories mentioned in the instructions for the example.
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4. Generalize to solve the problem.
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::::
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Vous pouvez dans cette cellule écrire votre code pour la question 2:
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::::
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You can write your code for question 2 in this cell:
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::::
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```{pyodide}
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#| exercise: ex_2_q2
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# Tester ici de manière itérative votre solution à la question 2
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# Test here your solution to question 2
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```
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:::: { .hint exercise="ex_2_q2"}
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::: { .callout-note collapse="false"}
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## Indice 1
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Il va falloir itérer sur chaque valeur de `elves_example`: comment transformer la chaîne de caractère en objet plus maniable ?
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:::: { .hint exercise="ex_2_q2"}
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## Hint 1
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We will need to iterate over each value of `elves_example`: how can we transform the character string into a more manageable object?
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## Indice 2
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## Hint 2
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Be careful with the type of object you will obtain. Don't forget to convert it to a numeric format if you want to perform arithmetic operations.
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## Indice 3
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Vous devriez finir avec la liste
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```{ojs}
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calories_example
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```
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## Hint 3
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You should end up with the list
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```{ojs}
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calories_example
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```
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```{python}
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# Question 2
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ojs_define(calories_example = calories_example)
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```
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Vous pouvez dans cette cellule écrire votre code pour la question 3:
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You can write your code for question 3 in this cell:
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```{pyodide}
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#| exercise: ex_2_q3
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calories_total = [sum(d) for d in data]
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```
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Pour finir, après avoir généralisé, vous devriez retrouver les valeurs suivantes:
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Finally, after generalizing, you should find the following values:
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```{python}
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idx_elf = calories_total.index(max(calories_total))
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max_elf = max(calories_total)
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print(
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f"L'elfe numéro {idx_elf} porte le plus de calories ({max_elf} calories)"
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f"Elf number {idx_elf} carries the most calories ({max_elf} calories)."
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)
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```
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```
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{{< include "03_revisions/_exo3.qmd" >}}

‎content/getting-started/03_revisions/_exo3.qmd‎

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## Exercice 3: les chaînes de caractères
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Voici le type de motif final vers lequel vous désirez aboutir à la question 1 et 2.
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```
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On 17 March 2022, Nadia (34) reported an income of $33,333.33.
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```
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## Exercise 3: strings
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This is the final pattern you should end up in question 1 and 2
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```
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On 17 March 2022, Nadia (34) reported an income of $33,333.33.
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```
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## Exercice 3
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1. A partir de la méthode `format`, essayez d'obtenir le résultat attendu.
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2. Faites de même avec les _f-strings_.
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3. Modifiez le message pour créer un revenu mensuel arrondi à 1 chiffre. Utiliser l'espace comme séparateur de milliers plutôt que le séparateur par défaut (la virgule).
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4. Voici un chemin fictif `C:\Users\Nadia\Documents\cours\chapitre_03\notes.txt` vers un fichier. Faire un _print_ correctif de celui-ci.
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## Exercise 3
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1. Using the `format` method, try to obtain the expected result.
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2. Do the same with _f-strings_.
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3. Modify the message to create a monthly income rounded to 1 digit. Use a space as the thousands separator rather than the default separator (the comma).
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4. Here is a fictitious path `C:\Users\Nadia\Documents\cours\chapitre_03\notes.txt` to a file. Make a correct print of it.
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```{pyodide}
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#| autorun: true
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import datetime
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date = datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 17)
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prenom = "Nadia"
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age = 34
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revenu = 100000/3
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```
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```{python}
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import datetime
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date = datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 17)
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prenom = "Nadia"
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age = 34
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revenu = 100000/3
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```
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Dans la première partie de cet exercice, vous devriez avoir ces résultats.
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In the first part of this exercise, you should have these results.
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```{python}
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msg_format = "On {date:%d %B %Y}, {prenom} ({age}) reported an income of ${revenu:,.2f}.".format(
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date=date, prenom=prenom, age=age, revenu=revenu
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)
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print("Question 1:")
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print(msg_format)
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# Question 2
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msg_fstring = f"On {date:%d %B %Y}, {prenom} ({age}) reported an income of ${revenu:,.2f}."
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print("Question 2:")
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print(msg_fstring)
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# Question 3
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msg_fstring = f"On {date:%d %B %Y}, {prenom} ({age}) reported an income of ${revenu/12:,.1f}.".replace(',', ' ')
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print("Question 3:")
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print(msg_fstring)
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```
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Vous pouvez tester ci-dessous votre solution
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Try replicating these results using interactive cell below
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```{pyodide}
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# Try here
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```
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Dans la deuxième partie de l'exercice, si vous utilisez le mauvais type de _string_, vous devriez avoir une erreur:
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In the second part of the exercise, if you use the wrong type of _string_, you should get an error:
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```{pyodide}
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# Question 4: start from
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"C:\Users\Nadia\Documents\cours\chapitre_03\notes.txt"
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```
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```{python}
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chemin_bad = "C:\Users\Nadia\Documents\cours\chapitre_03\notes.txt"
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print(chemin_bad)
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```
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Les slashs posent souvent problème. Avec des _raw strings_ vous ne devriez pas rencontrer ce problème:
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Slashes often cause problems. With raw strings, you should not encounter this problem:
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```{python}
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# Question 4
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print(f"File can be found here: {chemin_ok}")
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chemin_ok2 = "C:\\Users\\Nadia\\Documents\\cours\\chapitre_03\\notes.txt"
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```

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