Feature request: machine-readable output for `build upload` (e.g. `--output-format json`) with install/manifest URLs

[joshdholtz]

sentry-cli build upload doesn't expose two URLs that are useful after a successful upload:

1. The install page URL (https://<org>.sentry.io/preprod/install/<id>/)
2. The itms-services:// manifest URL used by Sentry's QR code, which triggers the iOS install dialog when scanned

Today the CLI only prints the artifact URL (/preprod/size/<id>) as part of human-readable stdout. To get the install URL, callers have to regex stdout. To get the itms URL, callers have to make a follow-up GET /api/0/projects/{org}/{project}/files/installablepreprodartifact/?per_page=1 request to grab the artifact string id (e.g. 59MPiMQHr-eeHIF6) and construct the manifest URL themselves.

The assemble response (AssembleBuildResponse in src/api/data_types/chunking/build.rs) currently only has state, missingChunks, detail, and artifactUrl, so the CLI doesn't have the data to print install or itms URLs even if it wanted to.

Two changes that would address this:

1. Add --output-format json to build upload, emitting the artifact URL (and any other fields) as structured output instead of formatted text.
2. Extend the assemble response to include the installable artifact's string id (and ideally the install + manifest URLs), then surface them through the CLI.

[linear-code]

CLI-324

[joshdholtz]

👋 Hey, fam! Just wanted to let you know that my robot created this issue. I forced it to edit this issue like 4 times because the language it tried to write the issue in was inexcusably verbose or talked too much about my feelings and how this missing feature hurt my soul (which it did not)

But, this is the real Josh Holtz (I just stood up) and we started using Sentry mobile distribution for the RevenueCat mobile apps and I would love to have access to the actual install urls (like the itms://blahblahblah thing) right from the fastlne `upload build action

Odds are that I try to submit my own PR for this but feel free to roast and reject it 🙃