test_browser.py

# Copyright 2013 The Emscripten Authors.  All rights reserved.
# Emscripten is available under two separate licenses, the MIT license and the
# University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License.  Both these licenses can be
# found in the LICENSE file.

import argparse
import os
import random
import re
import shlex
import shutil
import struct
import subprocess
import time
import zlib
from functools import wraps
from http.server import (
  BaseHTTPRequestHandler,
  HTTPServer,
  SimpleHTTPRequestHandler,
  ThreadingHTTPServer,
)
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.request import urlopen

import common
from browser_common import (
  CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS,
  BrowserCore,
  HttpServerThread,
  Reporting,
  browser_should_skip_feature,
  find_browser_test_file,
  get_browser,
  get_safari_version,
  has_browser,
  is_chrome,
  is_firefox,
  is_safari,
)
from common import (
  EMRUN,
  WEBIDL_BINDER,
  RunnerCore,
  copytree,
  create_file,
  ensure_dir,
  path_from_root,
  read_file,
  test_file,
)
from decorators import (
  also_with_asan,
  also_with_fetch_streaming,
  also_with_minimal_runtime,
  also_with_wasm2js,
  also_with_wasmfs,
  disabled,
  flaky,
  no_2gb,
  no_4gb,
  no_wasm64,
  parameterize,
  parameterized,
  requires_dev_dependency,
  requires_wasm2js,
  skip_if,
  skip_if_simple,
  with_all_sjlj,
)

from tools import ports, shared
from tools.feature_matrix import Feature
from tools.link import binary_encode
from tools.shared import EMCC, FILE_PACKAGER, PIPE
from tools.utils import WINDOWS, delete_dir, write_binary, write_file


def make_test_chunked_synchronous_xhr_server(support_byte_ranges, data, port):
  class ChunkedServerHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    num_get_connections = 0

    def sendheaders(s, extra=None, length=None):
      length = length or len(data)
      s.send_response(200)
      s.send_header("Content-Length", str(length))
      s.send_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "http://localhost:%s" % port)
      s.send_header('Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy', 'cross-origin')

      s.send_header('Cache-Control', 'no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, private, max-age=0')
      s.send_header('Expires', '0')
      s.send_header('Pragma', 'no-cache')
      s.send_header('Vary', '*') # Safari insists on caching if this header is not present in addition to the above

      s.send_header("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "Content-Length, Accept-Ranges")
      s.send_header("Content-type", "application/octet-stream")
      if support_byte_ranges:
        s.send_header("Accept-Ranges", "bytes")
      if extra:
        for key, value in extra:
          s.send_header(key, value)
      s.end_headers()

    def do_HEAD(s):
      s.sendheaders()

    def do_OPTIONS(s):
      s.sendheaders([("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Range")], 0)

    def do_GET(s):
      # CORS preflight makes OPTIONS requests which we need to account for.
      expectedConns = 22
      s.num_get_connections += 1
      assert(s.num_get_connections < expectedConns)

      if s.path == '/':
        s.sendheaders()
      elif not support_byte_ranges:
        s.sendheaders()
        s.wfile.write(data)
      else:
        start, end = s.headers.get("range").split("=")[1].split("-")
        start = int(start)
        end = int(end)
        end = min(len(data) - 1, end)
        length = end - start + 1
        s.sendheaders([], length)
        s.wfile.write(data[start:end + 1])

  return HTTPServer(('localhost', 11111), ChunkedServerHandler)


# This is similar to @core.no_wasmfs, but it disable WasmFS and runs the test
# normally. That is, in core we skip the test if we are in the wasmfs.* mode,
# while in browser we don't have such modes, so we force the test to run without
# WasmFS.
#
# When WasmFS is on by default, these annotations will still be needed. Only
# when we remove the old JS FS entirely would we remove them.
def no_wasmfs(note):
  assert not callable(note)

  def decorator(f):
    assert callable(f)

    @wraps(f)
    def decorated(self, *args, **kwargs):
      self.set_setting('WASMFS', 0)
      f(self, *args, **kwargs)
    return decorated
  return decorator


def shell_with_script(shell_file, output_file, replacement):
  shell = read_file(path_from_root('src', shell_file))
  create_file(output_file, shell.replace('{{{ SCRIPT }}}', replacement))


def is_swiftshader(_):
  return is_chrome() and '--use-gl=swiftshader' in get_browser()


no_swiftshader = skip_if_simple('not compatible with swiftshader', is_swiftshader)

no_chrome = skip_if('no_chrome', lambda _: is_chrome(), 'chrome is not supported')

no_firefox = skip_if('no_firefox', lambda _: is_firefox(), 'firefox is not supported')

no_safari = skip_if('no_safari', lambda _: is_safari(), 'safari is not supported')


def requires_version(name, version_getter):
  assert callable(version_getter)

  def decorator(min_required_version, note=''):
    return skip_if_simple(name, lambda _: version_getter() < min_required_version, f'{name} v{version_getter()} is not supported (need v{min_required_version} at minimum) {note}')

  return decorator


requires_safari_version = requires_version('safari', get_safari_version)


def is_jspi(args):
  return '-sJSPI' in args


def also_with_threads(f):
  assert callable(f)

  @wraps(f)
  def decorated(self, threads, *args, **kwargs):
    if threads:
      self.cflags += ['-pthread']
    f(self, *args, **kwargs)

  parameterize(decorated, {'': (False,),
                           'pthreads': (True,)})

  return decorated


def also_with_proxy_to_pthread(f):
  assert callable(f)

  @wraps(f)
  def decorated(self, threads, *args, **kwargs):
    if threads:
      self.cflags += ['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD']
    f(self, *args, **kwargs)

  parameterize(decorated, {'': (False,),
                           'proxy_to_pthread': (True,)})

  return decorated


def skipIfFeatureNotAvailable(skip_env_var, feature, message):
  for env_var in skip_env_var if type(skip_env_var) == list else [skip_env_var]:
    should_skip = browser_should_skip_feature(env_var, feature)
    if should_skip:
      break

  def decorator(f):
    assert callable(f)

    @wraps(f)
    def decorated(self, *args, **kwargs):
      if should_skip == 'error':
        raise Exception(f'This test requires a browser that supports {feature.name} but your browser {get_browser()} does not support this. Run with {skip_env_var}=1 or EMTEST_AUTOSKIP=1 to skip this test automatically.')
      elif should_skip and bool(re.search(r"MIN_.*_VERSION", os.getenv('EMCC_CFLAGS', ''))):
        # should_skip=True, so we should skip running this test. However, user has specified a MIN_x_VERSION
        # directive in EMCC_CFLAGS, so we cannot even try to compile this test, or otherwise emcc can
        # error out on the MIN_x_VERSION being too old. So skip both compiling+running this test.
        self.skipTest(message)
      elif should_skip:
        # Skip running this test in a browser, but do test compiling it, to get partial coverage.
        self.skip_exec = message

      f(self, *args, **kwargs)

    return decorated

  return decorator


def webgl2_disabled():
  return browser_should_skip_feature('EMTEST_LACKS_WEBGL2', Feature.WEBGL2) or browser_should_skip_feature('EMTEST_LACKS_GRAPHICS_HARDWARE', Feature.WEBGL2)


requires_graphics_hardware = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable('EMTEST_LACKS_GRAPHICS_HARDWARE', None, 'This test requires graphics hardware')
requires_webgl2 = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable(['EMTEST_LACKS_WEBGL2', 'EMTEST_LACKS_GRAPHICS_HARDWARE'], Feature.WEBGL2, 'This test requires WebGL2 to be available')
requires_webgpu = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable(['EMTEST_LACKS_WEBGPU', 'EMTEST_LACKS_GRAPHICS_HARDWARE'], Feature.WEBGPU, 'This test requires WebGPU to be available')
requires_sound_hardware = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable('EMTEST_LACKS_SOUND_HARDWARE', None, 'This test requires sound hardware')
requires_microphone_access = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable('EMTEST_LACKS_MICROPHONE_ACCESS', None, 'This test accesses microphone, which may need accepting a user prompt to enable it.')
requires_offscreen_canvas = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable('EMTEST_LACKS_OFFSCREEN_CANVAS', Feature.OFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT, 'This test requires a browser with OffscreenCanvas')
requires_es6_workers = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable('EMTEST_LACKS_ES6_WORKERS', Feature.WORKER_ES6_MODULES, 'This test requires a browser with ES6 Module Workers support')
requires_growable_arraybuffers = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable('EMTEST_LACKS_GROWABLE_ARRAYBUFFERS', Feature.GROWABLE_ARRAYBUFFERS, 'This test requires a browser that supports growable ArrayBuffers')
# N.b. not all SharedArrayBuffer requiring tests are annotated with this decorator, since at this point there are so many of such tests.
# As a middle ground, if a test has a name 'thread' or 'wasm_worker' in it, then it does not need decorating. To run all single-threaded tests in
# the suite, one can run "EMTEST_LACKS_SHARED_ARRAY_BUFFER=1 test/runner browser skip:browser.test_*thread* skip:browser.test_*wasm_worker* skip:browser.test_*audio_worklet*"
requires_shared_array_buffer = skipIfFeatureNotAvailable('EMTEST_LACKS_SHARED_ARRAY_BUFFER', Feature.THREADS, 'This test requires a browser with SharedArrayBuffer support')


class browser(BrowserCore):
  @classmethod
  def setUpClass(cls):
    super().setUpClass()
    cls.browser_timeout = 60
    if get_browser() != 'node':
      print()
      print('Running the browser tests. Make sure the browser allows popups from localhost.')
      print()

  def require_jspi(self):
    if not is_chrome():
      self.skipTest(f'Current browser ({get_browser()}) does not support JSPI. Only chromium-based browsers ({CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS}) support JSPI today.')
    super().require_jspi()

  def post_manual_reftest(self):
    assert os.path.exists('reftest.js')
    self.add_browser_reporting()
    html = read_file('test.html')
    html = html.replace('</body>', '''
<script src="browser_reporting.js"></script>
<script src="reftest.js"></script>
<script>
var windowClose = window.close;
window.close = () => {
  // wait for rafs to arrive and the screen to update before reftesting
  setTimeout(() => {
    doReftest();
    setTimeout(windowClose, 5000);
  }, 1000);
};
</script>
</body>''')
    create_file('test.html', html)

  def make_reftest(self, expected):
    # make sure the pngs used here have no color correction, using e.g.
    #   pngcrush -rem gAMA -rem cHRM -rem iCCP -rem sRGB infile outfile
    shutil.copy(expected, 'expected.png')
    create_file('reftest.js', f'''
      const reftestRebaseline = {common.EMTEST_REBASELINE};
    ''' + read_file(test_file('reftest.js')))

  def reftest(self, filename, reference, reference_slack=0, *args, **kwargs):
    """Special case of `btest` that uses reference image
    """
    reference = find_browser_test_file(reference)
    assert 'expected' not in kwargs
    expected = [str(i) for i in range(reference_slack + 1)]
    self.make_reftest(reference)
    kwargs.setdefault('cflags', [])
    kwargs['cflags'] += ['--pre-js', 'reftest.js', '-sGL_TESTING']

    try:
      return self.btest(filename, expected=expected, *args, **kwargs)
    finally:
      if common.EMTEST_REBASELINE and os.path.exists('actual.png'):
        print(f'overwriting expected image: {reference}')
        self.run_process('pngcrush -rem gAMA -rem cHRM -rem iCCP -rem sRGB actual.png'.split() + [reference])

  def test_sdl1_in_emscripten_nonstrict_mode(self):
    if 'EMCC_STRICT' in os.environ and int(os.environ['EMCC_STRICT']):
      self.skipTest('This test requires being run in non-strict mode (EMCC_STRICT env. variable unset)')
    # TODO: This test is verifying behavior that will be deprecated at some point in the future, remove this test once
    # system JS libraries are no longer automatically linked to anymore.
    self.reftest('hello_world_sdl.c', 'htmltest.png')

  def test_sdl1(self):
    self.reftest('hello_world_sdl.c', 'htmltest.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])
    self.reftest('hello_world_sdl.c', 'htmltest.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL', '-lGL']) # is the default anyhow

  def test_sdl1_es6(self):
    self.reftest('hello_world_sdl.c', 'htmltest.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL', '-lGL', '-sEXPORT_ES6'])

  @no_safari('TODO: Fails in NEW Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15), but not in OLD Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618) or Safari 18.5 (20621.2.5.11.8)')
  def test_emscripten_log(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_log.cpp', cflags=['-Wno-deprecated-pragma', '-gsource-map', '-g2'])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_preload_file(self):
    create_file('somefile.txt', 'load me right before running the code please')
    create_file('.somefile.txt', 'load me right before running the code please')
    create_file('some@file.txt', 'load me right before running the code please')

    absolute_src_path = os.path.abspath('somefile.txt')

    def make_main(path):
      print('make main at', path)
      path = path.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', '\\"') # Escape tricky path name for use inside a C string.
      # TODO: change this when wasmfs supports relative paths.
      if self.get_setting('WASMFS'):
        path = "/" + path
      create_file('main.c', r'''
        #include <assert.h>
        #include <stdio.h>
        #include <string.h>
        #include <emscripten.h>
        int main() {
          FILE *f = fopen("%s", "r");
          char buf[100];
          fread(buf, 1, 20, f);
          buf[20] = 0;
          fclose(f);
          printf("|%%s|\n", buf);

          assert(strcmp("load me right before", buf) == 0);
          return 0;
        }
        ''' % path)

    test_cases = [
      # (source preload-file string, file on target FS to load)
      ("somefile.txt", "somefile.txt"),
      (".somefile.txt@somefile.txt", "somefile.txt"),
      ("./somefile.txt", "somefile.txt"),
      ("somefile.txt@file.txt", "file.txt"),
      ("./somefile.txt@file.txt", "file.txt"),
      ("./somefile.txt@./file.txt", "file.txt"),
      ("somefile.txt@/file.txt", "file.txt"),
      ("somefile.txt@/", "somefile.txt"),
      (absolute_src_path + "@file.txt", "file.txt"),
      (absolute_src_path + "@/file.txt", "file.txt"),
      (absolute_src_path + "@/", "somefile.txt"),
      ("somefile.txt@/directory/file.txt", "/directory/file.txt"),
      ("somefile.txt@/directory/file.txt", "directory/file.txt"),
      (absolute_src_path + "@/directory/file.txt", "directory/file.txt"),
      ("some@@file.txt@other.txt", "other.txt"),
      ("some@@file.txt@some@@otherfile.txt", "some@otherfile.txt")]

    for srcpath, dstpath in test_cases:
      print('Testing', srcpath, dstpath)
      make_main(dstpath)
      self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['--preload-file', srcpath])
    if WINDOWS:
      # On Windows, the following non-alphanumeric non-control code ASCII characters are supported.
      # The characters <, >, ", |, ?, * are not allowed, because the Windows filesystem doesn't support those.
      tricky_filename = '!#$%&\'()+,-. ;=@[]^_`{}~.txt'
    else:
      # All 7-bit non-alphanumeric non-control code ASCII characters except /, : and \ are allowed.
      tricky_filename = '!#$%&\'()+,-. ;=@[]^_`{}~ "*<>?|.txt'
    create_file(tricky_filename, 'load me right before running the code please')
    make_main(tricky_filename)
    # As an Emscripten-specific feature, the character '@' must be escaped in the form '@@' to not confuse with the 'src@dst' notation.
    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['--preload-file', tricky_filename.replace('@', '@@')])

    # TODO: WASMFS doesn't support the rest of this test yet. Exit early.
    if self.get_setting('WASMFS'):
      return

    # By absolute path

    make_main('somefile.txt') # absolute becomes relative
    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['--preload-file', absolute_src_path])

    # Test subdirectory handling with asset packaging.
    delete_dir('assets')
    ensure_dir('assets/sub/asset1')
    ensure_dir('assets/sub/asset1/.git') # Test adding directory that shouldn't exist.
    ensure_dir('assets/sub/asset2')
    create_file('assets/sub/asset1/file1.txt', '''load me right before running the code please''')
    create_file('assets/sub/asset1/.git/shouldnt_be_embedded.txt', '''this file should not get embedded''')
    create_file('assets/sub/asset2/file2.txt', '''load me right before running the code please''')
    absolute_assets_src_path = 'assets'

    def make_main_two_files(path1, path2, nonexistingpath):
      create_file('main.c', r'''
        #include <stdio.h>
        #include <assert.h>
        #include <string.h>
        #include <emscripten.h>
        int main() {
          FILE *f = fopen("%s", "r");
          char buf[100];
          fread(buf, 1, 20, f);
          buf[20] = 0;
          fclose(f);
          printf("|%%s|\n", buf);

          assert(strcmp("load me right before", buf) == 0);

          f = fopen("%s", "r");
          assert(f != NULL);
          fclose(f);

          f = fopen("%s", "r");
          assert(f == NULL);

          return 0;
        }
      ''' % (path1, path2, nonexistingpath))

    test_cases = [
      # (source directory to embed, file1 on target FS to load, file2 on target FS to load, name of a file that *shouldn't* exist on VFS)
      ("assets", "assets/sub/asset1/file1.txt", "assets/sub/asset2/file2.txt", "assets/sub/asset1/.git/shouldnt_be_embedded.txt"),
      ("assets/", "assets/sub/asset1/file1.txt", "assets/sub/asset2/file2.txt", "assets/sub/asset1/.git/shouldnt_be_embedded.txt"),
      ("assets@/", "/sub/asset1/file1.txt", "/sub/asset2/file2.txt", "/sub/asset1/.git/shouldnt_be_embedded.txt"),
      ("assets/@/", "/sub/asset1/file1.txt", "/sub/asset2/file2.txt", "/sub/asset1/.git/shouldnt_be_embedded.txt"),
      ("assets@./", "/sub/asset1/file1.txt", "/sub/asset2/file2.txt", "/sub/asset1/.git/shouldnt_be_embedded.txt"),
      (absolute_assets_src_path + "@/", "/sub/asset1/file1.txt", "/sub/asset2/file2.txt", "/sub/asset1/.git/shouldnt_be_embedded.txt"),
      (absolute_assets_src_path + "@/assets", "/assets/sub/asset1/file1.txt", "/assets/sub/asset2/file2.txt", "assets/sub/asset1/.git/shouldnt_be_embedded.txt")]

    for test in test_cases:
      (srcpath, dstpath1, dstpath2, nonexistingpath) = test
      make_main_two_files(dstpath1, dstpath2, nonexistingpath)
      print(srcpath)
      self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['--preload-file', srcpath, '--exclude-file', '*/.*'])

    # Should still work with -o subdir/..

    make_main('somefile.txt') # absolute becomes relative
    ensure_dir('dirrey')
    self.compile_btest('main.c', ['--preload-file', absolute_src_path, '-o', 'dirrey/page.html'], reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    self.run_browser('dirrey/page.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

    # With FS.preloadFile

    create_file('pre.js', '''
      // we need --use-preload-plugins for this.
      Module.preRun = () => FS.createPreloadedFile('/', 'someotherfile.txt', 'somefile.txt', true, false);
    ''')
    make_main('someotherfile.txt')
    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['--pre-js', 'pre.js', '--use-preload-plugins'])

  # Tests that user .html shell files can manually download .data files created with --preload-file cmdline.
  @also_with_proxy_to_pthread
  def test_preload_file_with_manual_data_download(self):
    create_file('file.txt', 'Hello!')

    self.compile_btest('browser/test_manual_download_data.c', ['-sEXIT_RUNTIME', '-o', 'out.js', '--preload-file', 'file.txt@/file.txt'])
    shutil.copy(test_file('browser/test_manual_download_data.html'), '.')

    # Move .data file out of server root to ensure that getPreloadedPackage is actually used
    os.mkdir('test')
    shutil.move('out.js', 'test/test_manual_download_data.js')
    shutil.move('out.data', 'test/test_manual_download_data.data')

    self.run_browser('test_manual_download_data.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  # Tests that if the output files have single or double quotes in them, that it will be handled by
  # correctly escaping the names.
  def test_output_file_escaping(self):
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    tricky_part = '\'' if WINDOWS else '\' and \"' # On Windows, files/directories may not contain a double quote character. On non-Windowses they can, so test that.

    d = 'dir with ' + tricky_part
    abs_d = os.path.abspath(d)
    ensure_dir(abs_d)
    txt = 'file with ' + tricky_part + '.txt'
    create_file(os.path.join(d, txt), 'load me right before')

    src = os.path.join(d, 'file with ' + tricky_part + '.c')
    create_file(src, r'''
      #include <assert.h>
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <string.h>
      #include <emscripten.h>
      int main() {
        FILE *f = fopen("%s", "r");
        char buf[100];
        fread(buf, 1, 20, f);
        buf[20] = 0;
        fclose(f);
        printf("|%%s|\n", buf);
        assert(strcmp("load me right before", buf) == 0);
        return 0;
      }
    ''' % (txt.replace('\'', '\\\'').replace('\"', '\\"')))

    data_file = os.path.join(abs_d, 'file with ' + tricky_part + '.data')
    data_js_file = os.path.join(abs_d, 'file with ' + tricky_part + '.js')
    abs_txt = os.path.join(abs_d, txt)
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, data_file, '--use-preload-cache', '--indexedDB-name=testdb', '--preload', abs_txt + '@' + txt, '--js-output=' + data_js_file])
    page_file = os.path.join(d, 'file with ' + tricky_part + '.html')
    abs_page_file = os.path.abspath(page_file)
    self.compile_btest(src, ['--pre-js', data_js_file, '-o', abs_page_file, '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'], reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    self.run_browser(page_file, '/report_result?exit:0')

  # Clear all IndexedDB databases. This gives us a fresh state for tests that
  # check caching.
  def clear_indexed_db(self):
    self.add_browser_reporting()
    create_file('clear_indexed_db.html', '''
      <script src="browser_reporting.js"></script>
      <script>
        // Clear the cache, so that the next test starts from a clean slate.
        if (indexedDB.databases) {
          // If the tested browser supports IndexedDB 3.0 API, then enumerate all
          // available databases and delete them.
          indexedDB.databases().then(dbs => {
            Promise.all(dbs.map(db => {
              return indexedDB.deleteDatabase(db.name);
            })).then(() => {
              reportResultToServer("clear");
            });
          });
        } else {
          // Testing an old browser that does not support indexedDB.databases():
          // Delete the fixed database EM_PRELOAD_CACHE (this is hardcoded in
          // file packager)
          indexedDB.deleteDatabase('EM_PRELOAD_CACHE').onsuccess = () => {
            reportResultToServer("clear");
          };
        }
      </script>
    ''')
    self.run_browser('clear_indexed_db.html', '/report_result?clear')

  @parameterized({
    '0': (0,),
    '1mb': (1 * 1024 * 1024,),
    '100mb': (100 * 1024 * 1024,),
    '150mb': (150 * 1024 * 1024,),
  })
  def test_preload_caching(self, extra_size):
    self.clear_indexed_db()
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <assert.h>
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <string.h>
      #include <emscripten.h>

      extern int checkPreloadResults();

      int main(int argc, char** argv) {
        FILE *f = fopen("%s", "r");
        char buf[100];
        fread(buf, 1, 20, f);
        buf[20] = 0;
        fclose(f);
        printf("|%%s|\n", buf);

        assert(strcmp("load me right before", buf) == 0);
        return checkPreloadResults();
      }
    ''' % 'somefile.txt')

    create_file('test.js', '''
      addToLibrary({
        checkPreloadResults: function() {
          var cached = 0;
          var packages = Object.keys(Module['preloadResults']);
          packages.forEach(function(package) {
            var fromCache = Module['preloadResults'][package]['fromCache'];
            if (fromCache) {
              cached++;
            }
          });
          return cached;
        }
      });
    ''')

    # test caching of various sizes, including sizes higher than 128MB which is
    # chrome's limit on IndexedDB item sizes, see
    # https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/content/renderer/indexed_db/webidbdatabase_impl.cc?type=cs&q=%22The+serialized+value+is+too+large%22&sq=package:chromium&g=0&l=177
    # https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/out/Debug/gen/third_party/blink/public/mojom/indexeddb/indexeddb.mojom.h?type=cs&sq=package:chromium&g=0&l=60
    if is_chrome() and extra_size >= 100 * 1024 * 1024:
      self.skipTest('chrome bug')
    create_file('somefile.txt', '''load me right before running the code please''' + ('_' * extra_size))
    print('size:', os.path.getsize('somefile.txt'))
    args = ['--use-preload-cache', '--js-library', 'test.js', '--preload-file', 'somefile.txt', '-o', 'page.html', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH']
    self.compile_btest('main.c', args, reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:0')
    self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:1')

    # test with ENVIRONMENT=web, to check for problems with node.js support
    # (see #23059)
    self.clear_indexed_db()
    self.compile_btest('main.c', args + ['-sENVIRONMENT=web'], reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  def test_preload_caching_indexeddb_name(self):
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    create_file('somefile.txt', 'load me right before running the code please')

    def make_main(path):
      print(path)
      create_file('main.c', r'''
        #include <assert.h>
        #include <stdio.h>
        #include <string.h>
        #include <emscripten.h>

        extern int checkPreloadResults();

        int main(int argc, char** argv) {
          FILE *f = fopen("%s", "r");
          char buf[100];
          fread(buf, 1, 20, f);
          buf[20] = 0;
          fclose(f);
          printf("|%%s|\n", buf);

          int result = 0;

          assert(strcmp("load me right before", buf) == 0);
          int num_cached = checkPreloadResults();
          printf("got %%d preloadResults from cache\n", num_cached);
          return num_cached;
        }
      ''' % path)

    create_file('test.js', '''
      addToLibrary({
        checkPreloadResults: () => {
          var cached = 0;
          for (var result of Object.values(Module['preloadResults'])) {
            if (result['fromCache']) {
              cached++;
            }
          }
          return cached;
        }
      });
    ''')

    make_main('somefile.txt')
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'somefile.data', '--use-preload-cache', '--indexedDB-name=testdb', '--preload', 'somefile.txt', '--js-output=' + 'somefile.js'])
    self.compile_btest('main.c', ['--js-library', 'test.js', '--pre-js', 'somefile.js', '-o', 'page.html', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'], reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:0')
    print("Re-running ..")
    self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:1')

  def test_multifile(self):
    # a few files inside a directory
    ensure_dir('subdirr/moar')
    create_file('subdirr/data1.txt', '1214141516171819')
    create_file('subdirr/moar/data2.txt', '3.14159265358979')
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <assert.h>
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <string.h>
      #include <emscripten.h>
      int main() {
        char buf[17];

        FILE *f = fopen("subdirr/data1.txt", "r");
        fread(buf, 1, 16, f);
        buf[16] = 0;
        fclose(f);
        printf("|%s|\n", buf);
        assert(strcmp("1214141516171819", buf) == 0);

        FILE *f2 = fopen("subdirr/moar/data2.txt", "r");
        fread(buf, 1, 16, f2);
        buf[16] = 0;
        fclose(f2);
        printf("|%s|\n", buf);
        assert(strcmp("3.14159265358979", buf) == 0);

        return 0;
      }
    ''')

    # by individual files
    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['--preload-file', 'subdirr/data1.txt', '--preload-file', 'subdirr/moar/data2.txt'])

    # by directory, and remove files to make sure
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    self.compile_btest('main.c', ['--preload-file', 'subdirr', '-o', 'page.html'], reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    shutil.rmtree('subdirr')
    self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  def test_custom_file_package_url(self):
    # a few files inside a directory
    ensure_dir('subdirr')
    ensure_dir('cdn')
    create_file(Path('subdirr/data1.txt'), '1214141516171819')
    # change the file package base dir to look in a "cdn". note that normally
    # you would add this in your own custom html file etc., and not by
    # modifying the existing shell in this manner
    default_shell = read_file(path_from_root('src/shell.html'))
    create_file('shell.html', default_shell.replace('var Module = {', '''
    var Module = {
      locateFile: function(path, prefix) {
        if (path.endsWith(".wasm")) {
           return prefix + path;
        } else {
           return "cdn/" + path;
        }
      },
    '''))
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <assert.h>
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <string.h>
      #include <emscripten.h>
      int main() {
        char buf[17];

        FILE *f = fopen("subdirr/data1.txt", "r");
        fread(buf, 1, 16, f);
        buf[16] = 0;
        fclose(f);
        printf("|%s|\n", buf);
        assert(strcmp("1214141516171819", buf) == 0);

        return 0;
      }
    ''')

    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    self.compile_btest('main.c', ['--shell-file', 'shell.html', '--preload-file', 'subdirr/data1.txt', '-o', 'test.html'], reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    shutil.move('test.data', Path('cdn/test.data'))
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  def test_missing_data_throws_error(self):
    create_file('data.txt', 'data')
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <string.h>
      #include <emscripten.h>
      int main() {
        // This code should never be executed in terms of missing required dependency file.
        return 0;
      }
    ''')

    def setup(assetLocalization):
      create_file('on_window_error_shell.html', r'''
      <html>
        <body>
          <center><canvas id='canvas' width='256' height='256'></canvas></center>
          <hr><div id='output'></div><hr>
          <script type='text/javascript'>
            const errorHandler = async (event) => {
              if (globalThis.disableErrorReporting) return;
              event.stopImmediatePropagation();
              const error = String(event instanceof ErrorEvent ? event.message : (event.reason || event));
              globalThis.disableErrorReporting = true;
              window.onerror = null;
              var result = error.includes("test.data") ? 1 : 0;
              await fetch('/report_result?' + result);
              window.close();
            }
            window.addEventListener('error', errorHandler);
            window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', errorHandler);
            const outputElem = document.getElementById('output');
            var Module = {
              locateFile: (path, prefix) => {
                if (path.endsWith('.wasm')) {
                  return prefix + path;
                } else {
                  return "''' + assetLocalization + r'''" + path;
                }
              },
              print: () => {
                outputElem.innerHTML += text.replace('\n', '<br>', 'g') + '<br>';
              },
              canvas: document.getElementById('canvas')
            };
          </script>
          {{{ SCRIPT }}}
        </body>
      </html>''')

    # test test missing file should run xhr.onload with status different than 200, 304 or 206
    setup("")
    self.compile_btest('main.c', ['--shell-file', 'on_window_error_shell.html', '--preload-file', 'data.txt', '-o', 'test.html'])
    shutil.move('test.data', 'missing.data')
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?1')

    # test unknown protocol should go through xhr.onerror
    setup("unknown_protocol://")
    self.compile_btest('main.c', ['--shell-file', 'on_window_error_shell.html', '--preload-file', 'data.txt', '-o', 'test.html'])
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?1')

    # test wrong protocol and port
    setup("https://localhost:8800/")
    self.compile_btest('main.c', ['--shell-file', 'on_window_error_shell.html', '--preload-file', 'data.txt', '-o', 'test.html'])
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?1')

    # TODO: CORS, test using a full url for locateFile
    # create_file('shell.html', read_file(path_from_root('src/shell.html')).replace('var Module = {', 'var Module = { locateFile: function (path) {return "http:/localhost:8888/cdn/" + path;}, '))
    # test()

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_fs_dev_random(self):
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_fs_dev_random.c')

  def test_sdl_swsurface(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_swsurface.c', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_surface_lock_opts(self):
    # Test Emscripten-specific extensions to optimize SDL_LockSurface and SDL_UnlockSurface.
    self.reftest('hello_world_sdl.c', 'htmltest.png', cflags=['-DTEST_SDL_LOCK_OPTS', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_sdl_image(self):
    # load an image file, get pixel data. Also O2 coverage for --preload-file
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), '.')
    src = test_file('browser/test_sdl_image.c')
    for dest, dirname, basename in [('screenshot.jpg', '/', 'screenshot.jpg'),
                                    ('screenshot.jpg@/assets/screenshot.jpg', '/assets', 'screenshot.jpg')]:
      self.btest_exit(src, cflags=[
        '-O2', '-lSDL', '-lGL',
        '--preload-file', dest, '-DSCREENSHOT_DIRNAME="' + dirname + '"', '-DSCREENSHOT_BASENAME="' + basename + '"', '--use-preload-plugins',
      ])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_sdl_image_jpeg(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.jpeg')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_image.c', cflags=[
      '--preload-file', 'screenshot.jpeg',
      '-DSCREENSHOT_DIRNAME="/"', '-DSCREENSHOT_BASENAME="screenshot.jpeg"', '--use-preload-plugins',
      '-lSDL', '-lGL',
    ])

  def test_sdl_image_webp(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.webp'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_image.c', cflags=[
      '--preload-file', 'screenshot.webp',
      '-DSCREENSHOT_DIRNAME="/"', '-DSCREENSHOT_BASENAME="screenshot.webp"', '--use-preload-plugins',
      '-lSDL', '-lGL',
    ])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_sdl_image_prepare(self):
    # load an image file, get pixel data.
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_image_prepare.c', 'screenshot.jpg', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    # add testing for closure on preloaded files + ENVIRONMENT=web (we must not
    # emit any node.js code here, see
    # https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/14486
    'closure_webonly': (['--closure', '1', '-sENVIRONMENT=web'],),
  })
  def test_sdl_image_prepare_data(self, args):
    # load an image file, get pixel data.
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_image_prepare_data.c', 'screenshot.jpg', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL'] + args)

  def test_sdl_image_must_prepare(self):
    # load an image file, get pixel data.
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.jpg')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_image_must_prepare.c', 'screenshot.jpg', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.jpg', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_stb_image(self):
    # load an image file, get pixel data.
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_stb_image.c', 'screenshot.jpg', cflags=['-sSTB_IMAGE', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_stb_image_bpp(self):
    # load grayscale image without alpha
    shutil.copy(test_file('browser/test_sdl-stb-bpp1.png'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_stb_image.c', 'test_sdl-stb-bpp1.png', cflags=['-sSTB_IMAGE', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

    # load grayscale image with alpha
    self.clear()
    shutil.copy(test_file('browser/test_sdl-stb-bpp2.png'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_stb_image.c', 'test_sdl-stb-bpp2.png', cflags=['-sSTB_IMAGE', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

    # load RGB image
    self.clear()
    shutil.copy(test_file('browser/test_sdl-stb-bpp3.png'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_stb_image.c', 'test_sdl-stb-bpp3.png', cflags=['-sSTB_IMAGE', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

    # load RGBA image
    self.clear()
    shutil.copy(test_file('browser/test_sdl-stb-bpp4.png'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_stb_image.c', 'test_sdl-stb-bpp4.png', cflags=['-sSTB_IMAGE', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_stb_image_data(self):
    # load an image file, get pixel data.
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_stb_image_data.c', 'screenshot.jpg', cflags=['-sSTB_IMAGE', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_stb_image_cleanup(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_stb_image_cleanup.c', cflags=['-sSTB_IMAGE', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-lSDL', '-lGL', '--memoryprofiler'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'safe_heap': (['-sSAFE_HEAP'],),
    'safe_heap_O2': (['-sSAFE_HEAP', '-O2'],),
  })
  def test_sdl_canvas(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_canvas.c', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lSDL', '-lGL'] + args)

  def test_sdl_canvas_alpha(self):
    # N.B. On Linux with Intel integrated graphics cards, this test needs Firefox 49 or newer.
    # See https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/4069.
    create_file('flag_0.js', "Module['arguments'] = ['-0'];")

    self.reftest('test_sdl_canvas_alpha.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_alpha.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'], reference_slack=12)
    self.reftest('test_sdl_canvas_alpha.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_alpha_flag_0.png', cflags=['--pre-js', 'flag_0.js', '-lSDL', '-lGL'], reference_slack=12)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'eventhandler': (['-DTEST_EMSCRIPTEN_SDL_SETEVENTHANDLER'],),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'asyncify': (['-DTEST_SLEEP', '-sASSERTIONS', '-sSAFE_HEAP', '-sASYNCIFY'],),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': (False,),
    'delay': (True,),
  })
  def test_sdl_key(self, defines, async_, delay):
    if delay:
      settimeout_start = 'setTimeout(function() {'
      settimeout_end = '}, 1);'
    else:
      settimeout_start = ''
      settimeout_end = ''
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      function keydown(c) {
       %s
        simulateKeyDown(c);
       %s
      }

      function keyup(c) {
       %s
        simulateKeyUp(c);
       %s
      }
    ''' % (settimeout_start, settimeout_end, settimeout_start, settimeout_end))
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_key.c', 223092870, cflags=defines + async_ + ['--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '--pre-js=pre.js', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_canvas_focus(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_canvas_focus.c', cflags=['--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js')])

  def test_sdl_text(self):
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      Module.postRun = () => {
        function doOne() {
          Module._one();
          setTimeout(doOne, 1000/60);
        }
        setTimeout(doOne, 1000/60);
      }
    ''')

    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_text.c', cflags=['--pre-js', 'pre.js', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_mouse(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_mouse.c', cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_mouse_offsets(self):
    create_file('page.html', '''
      <html>
        <head>
          <style type="text/css">
            html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
            #container {
              position: absolute;
              left: 5px; right: 0;
              top: 5px; bottom: 0;
            }
            #canvas {
              position: absolute;
              left: 0; width: 600px;
              top: 0; height: 450px;
            }
            textarea {
              margin-top: 500px;
              margin-left: 5px;
              width: 600px;
            }
          </style>
        </head>
        <body>
          <div id="container">
            <canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
          </div>
          <textarea id="output" rows="8"></textarea>
          <script type="text/javascript">
            var Module = {
              canvas: document.getElementById('canvas'),
              print: (function() {
                var element = document.getElementById('output');
                element.value = ''; // clear browser cache
                return function(text) {
                  if (arguments.length > 1) text = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).join(' ');
                  element.value += text + "\\n";
                  element.scrollTop = element.scrollHeight; // focus on bottom
                };
              })()
            };
          </script>
          <script type="text/javascript" src="sdl_mouse.js"></script>
        </body>
      </html>
    ''')

    self.compile_btest('browser/test_sdl_mouse.c', ['-DTEST_SDL_MOUSE_OFFSETS', '-O2', '--minify=0', '-o', 'sdl_mouse.js', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '-lSDL', '-lGL', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'])
    self.run_browser('page.html', '', '/report_result?exit:0')

  def test_glut_touchevents(self):
    self.btest_exit('glut_touchevents.c', cflags=['-lglut'])

  def test_glut_wheelevents(self):
    self.btest_exit('glut_wheelevents.c', cflags=['-lglut'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glut_glutget_no_antialias(self):
    self.btest_exit('glut_glutget.c', cflags=['-lglut', '-lGL'])
    self.btest_exit('glut_glutget.c', cflags=['-lglut', '-lGL', '-DDEPTH_ACTIVATED', '-DSTENCIL_ACTIVATED', '-DALPHA_ACTIVATED'])

  # This test supersedes the one above, but it's skipped in the CI because anti-aliasing is not well supported by the Mesa software renderer.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glut_glutget(self):
    self.btest_exit('glut_glutget.c', cflags=['-lglut', '-lGL'])
    self.btest_exit('glut_glutget.c', cflags=['-lglut', '-lGL', '-DAA_ACTIVATED', '-DDEPTH_ACTIVATED', '-DSTENCIL_ACTIVATED', '-DALPHA_ACTIVATED'])

  def test_glut_resize(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_glut_resize.c')

  def test_sdl_joystick_1(self):
    # Generates events corresponding to the Working Draft of the HTML5 Gamepad API.
    # http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-gamepad-20120529/#gamepad-interface
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      var gamepads = [];
      // Spoof this function.
      navigator['getGamepads'] = () => gamepads;
      window['addNewGamepad'] = (id, numAxes, numButtons) => {
        var index = gamepads.length;
        gamepads.push({
          axes: new Array(numAxes),
          buttons: new Array(numButtons),
          id: id,
          index: index
        });
        var i;
        for (i = 0; i < numAxes; i++) gamepads[index].axes[i] = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < numButtons; i++) gamepads[index].buttons[i] = 0;
      };
      window['simulateGamepadButtonDown'] = (index, button) => {
        gamepads[index].buttons[button] = 1;
      };
      window['simulateGamepadButtonUp'] = (index, button) => {
        gamepads[index].buttons[button] = 0;
      };
      window['simulateAxisMotion'] = (index, axis, value) => {
        gamepads[index].axes[axis] = value;
      };
    ''')

    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_joystick.c', cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '-o', 'page.html', '--pre-js', 'pre.js', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_joystick_2(self):
    # Generates events corresponding to the Editor's Draft of the HTML5 Gamepad API.
    # https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/gamepad/raw-file/default/gamepad.html#idl-def-Gamepad
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      var gamepads = [];
      // Spoof this function.
      navigator['getGamepads'] = () => gamepads;
      window['addNewGamepad'] = (id, numAxes, numButtons) => {
        var index = gamepads.length;
        gamepads.push({
          axes: new Array(numAxes),
          buttons: new Array(numButtons),
          id: id,
          index: index
        });
        var i;
        for (i = 0; i < numAxes; i++) gamepads[index].axes[i] = 0;
        // Buttons are objects
        for (i = 0; i < numButtons; i++) gamepads[index].buttons[i] = { pressed: false, value: 0 };
      };
      // FF mutates the original objects.
      window['simulateGamepadButtonDown'] = (index, button) => {
        gamepads[index].buttons[button].pressed = true;
        gamepads[index].buttons[button].value = 1;
      };
      window['simulateGamepadButtonUp'] = (index, button) => {
        gamepads[index].buttons[button].pressed = false;
        gamepads[index].buttons[button].value = 0;
      };
      window['simulateAxisMotion'] = (index, axis, value) => {
        gamepads[index].axes[axis] = value;
      };
    ''')

    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_joystick.c', cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '--pre-js', 'pre.js', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glfw_joystick(self):
    # Generates events corresponding to the Editor's Draft of the HTML5 Gamepad API.
    # https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/gamepad/raw-file/default/gamepad.html#idl-def-Gamepad
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      var gamepads = [];
      // Spoof this function.
      navigator['getGamepads'] = () => gamepads;
      window['addNewGamepad'] = (id, numAxes, numButtons) => {
        var index = gamepads.length;
        var gamepad = {
          axes: new Array(numAxes),
          buttons: new Array(numButtons),
          id: id,
          index: index
        };
        gamepads.push(gamepad)
        var i;
        for (i = 0; i < numAxes; i++) gamepads[index].axes[i] = 0;
        // Buttons are objects
        for (i = 0; i < numButtons; i++) gamepads[index].buttons[i] = { pressed: false, value: 0 };

        // Dispatch event (required for glfw joystick; note not used in SDL test)
        var event = new Event('gamepadconnected');
        event.gamepad = gamepad;
        window.dispatchEvent(event);
      };
      // FF mutates the original objects.
      window['simulateGamepadButtonDown'] = (index, button) => {
        gamepads[index].buttons[button].pressed = true;
        gamepads[index].buttons[button].value = 1;
      };
      window['simulateGamepadButtonUp'] = (index, button) => {
        gamepads[index].buttons[button].pressed = false;
        gamepads[index].buttons[button].value = 0;
      };
      window['simulateAxisMotion'] = (index, axis, value) => {
        gamepads[index].axes[axis] = value;
      };
    ''')

    self.btest_exit('test_glfw_joystick.c', cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '-o', 'page.html', '--pre-js', 'pre.js', '-lGL', '-lglfw3', '-sUSE_GLFW=3'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_context_attributes(self):
    # Javascript code to check the attributes support we want to test in the WebGL implementation
    # (request the attribute, create a context and check its value afterwards in the context attributes).
    # Tests will succeed when an attribute is not supported.
    create_file('check_webgl_attributes_support.js', '''
      addToLibrary({
        webglAntialiasSupported: function() {
          canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
          context = canvas.getContext('experimental-webgl', {antialias: true});
          attributes = context.getContextAttributes();
          return attributes.antialias;
        },
        webglDepthSupported: function() {
          canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
          context = canvas.getContext('experimental-webgl', {depth: true});
          attributes = context.getContextAttributes();
          return attributes.depth;
        },
        webglStencilSupported: function() {
          canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
          context = canvas.getContext('experimental-webgl', {stencil: true});
          attributes = context.getContextAttributes();
          return attributes.stencil;
        },
        webglAlphaSupported: function() {
          canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
          context = canvas.getContext('experimental-webgl', {alpha: true});
          attributes = context.getContextAttributes();
          return attributes.alpha;
        }
      });
    ''')

    # Copy common code file to temporary directory
    filepath = test_file('browser/test_webgl_context_attributes_common.c')
    temp_filepath = os.path.basename(filepath)
    shutil.copy(filepath, temp_filepath)

    # testAntiAliasing uses a window-sized buffer on the stack
    self.set_setting('STACK_SIZE', '1MB')

    # perform tests with attributes activated
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_attributes_glut.c', cflags=['--js-library', 'check_webgl_attributes_support.js', '-DAA_ACTIVATED', '-DDEPTH_ACTIVATED', '-DSTENCIL_ACTIVATED', '-DALPHA_ACTIVATED', '-lGL', '-lglut', '-lGLEW'])
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_attributes_sdl.c', cflags=['--js-library', 'check_webgl_attributes_support.js', '-DAA_ACTIVATED', '-DDEPTH_ACTIVATED', '-DSTENCIL_ACTIVATED', '-DALPHA_ACTIVATED', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lGLEW'])
    if not self.is_wasm64():
      self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_attributes_sdl2.c', cflags=['--js-library', 'check_webgl_attributes_support.js', '-DAA_ACTIVATED', '-DDEPTH_ACTIVATED', '-DSTENCIL_ACTIVATED', '-DALPHA_ACTIVATED', '-lGL', '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-lGLEW'])
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_attributes_glfw.c', cflags=['--js-library', 'check_webgl_attributes_support.js', '-DAA_ACTIVATED', '-DDEPTH_ACTIVATED', '-DSTENCIL_ACTIVATED', '-DALPHA_ACTIVATED', '-lGL', '-lglfw', '-lGLEW'])

    # perform tests with attributes deactivated
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_attributes_glut.c', cflags=['--js-library', 'check_webgl_attributes_support.js', '-lGL', '-lglut', '-lGLEW'])
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_attributes_sdl.c', cflags=['--js-library', 'check_webgl_attributes_support.js', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lGLEW'])
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_attributes_glfw.c', cflags=['--js-library', 'check_webgl_attributes_support.js', '-lGL', '-lglfw', '-lGLEW'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_no_double_error(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_error.c')

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_parallel_shader_compile(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_parallel_shader_compile.cpp')

  @requires_webgl2
  def test_webgl_explicit_uniform_location(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_explicit_uniform_location.c', cflags=['-sGL_EXPLICIT_UNIFORM_LOCATION', '-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_sampler_layout_binding(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_sampler_layout_binding.c', cflags=['-sGL_EXPLICIT_UNIFORM_BINDING'])

  @requires_webgl2
  def test_webgl2_ubo_layout_binding(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_ubo_layout_binding.c', cflags=['-sGL_EXPLICIT_UNIFORM_BINDING', '-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2'])

  # Test that -sGL_PREINITIALIZED_CONTEXT works and allows user to set Module['preinitializedWebGLContext'] to a preinitialized WebGL context.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_preinitialized_webgl_context(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_preinitialized_webgl_context.c', cflags=['-sGL_PREINITIALIZED_CONTEXT', '--shell-file', test_file('test_preinitialized_webgl_context.html')])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'threads': (['-pthread'],),
    'closure': (['-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-O2', '--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_emscripten_get_now(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_get_now.c', cflags=args)

  def test_write_file_in_environment_web(self):
    self.btest_exit('write_file.c', cflags=['-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-Os', '--closure=1'])

  def test_fflush(self):
    self.btest('test_fflush.cpp', '0', cflags=['-sEXIT_RUNTIME', '--shell-file', test_file('test_fflush.html')], reporting=Reporting.NONE)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'extra': (['-DEXTRA_WORK'],),
    'autopersist': (['-DIDBFS_AUTO_PERSIST'],),
  })
  def test_fs_idbfs_sync(self, args):
    secret = str(time.time())
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_idbfs_sync.c', cflags=['-lidbfs.js', f'-DSECRET="{secret}"', '-lidbfs.js'] + args + ['-DFIRST'])
    print('done first half')
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_idbfs_sync.c', cflags=['-lidbfs.js', f'-DSECRET="{secret}"', '-lidbfs.js'] + args)

  @parameterized({
    'open': ('TEST_CASE_OPEN', 2),
    'close': ('TEST_CASE_CLOSE', 3),
    'symlink': ('TEST_CASE_SYMLINK', 3),
    'unlink': ('TEST_CASE_UNLINK', 3),
    'rename': ('TEST_CASE_RENAME', 3),
    'mkdir': ('TEST_CASE_MKDIR', 2),
  })
  def test_fs_idbfs_autopersist(self, test_case, phase_count):
    self.cflags += ['-lidbfs.js', f'-DTEST_CASE={test_case}']
    for phase in range(phase_count):
      self.btest_exit('fs/test_idbfs_autopersist.c', cflags=[f'-DTEST_PHASE={phase + 1}'])

  def test_fs_idbfs_fsync(self):
    # sync from persisted state into memory before main()
    self.set_setting('DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FUNCS_TO_INCLUDE', '$ccall,$addRunDependency')
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      Module.preRun = () => {
        addRunDependency('syncfs');

        FS.mkdir('/working1');
        FS.mount(IDBFS, {}, '/working1');
        FS.syncfs(true, function (err) {
          if (err) throw err;
          removeRunDependency('syncfs');
        });
      };
    ''')

    args = ['--pre-js', 'pre.js', '-lidbfs.js', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME', '-sASYNCIFY']
    secret = str(time.time())
    self.btest('fs/test_idbfs_fsync.c', '1', cflags=args + ['-DFIRST', f'-DSECRET="{secret}"', '-lidbfs.js'])
    self.btest('fs/test_idbfs_fsync.c', '1', cflags=args + [f'-DSECRET="{secret}"', '-lidbfs.js'])

  def test_fs_memfs_fsync(self):
    args = ['-sASYNCIFY', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME']
    secret = str(time.time())
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_memfs_fsync.c', cflags=args + [f'-DSECRET="{secret}"'])

  def test_fs_workerfs(self):
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      Module.preRun = () => {
        var blob = new Blob(['hello blob']);
        var file = new File(['hello file'], 'file.txt');
        FS.mkdir('/work');
        FS.mount(WORKERFS, {
          blobs: [{ name: 'blob.txt', data: blob }],
          files: [file],
        }, '/work');
      };
    ''')
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_workerfs.c', cflags=['-lworkerfs.js', '--pre-js', 'pre.js'], run_in_worker=True)

  def test_fs_workerfs_package(self):
    create_file('file1.txt', 'first')
    ensure_dir('sub')
    create_file('sub/file2.txt', 'second')
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'files.data', '--preload', 'file1.txt', 'sub/file2.txt', '--separate-metadata', '--js-output=files.js'])
    self.btest('fs/test_workerfs_package.c', '0', cflags=['-lworkerfs.js'], run_in_worker=True)

  def test_fs_lz4fs_package(self):
    # generate data
    ensure_dir('subdir')
    create_file('file1.txt', '0123456789' * (1024 * 128))
    create_file('subdir/file2.txt', '1234567890' * (1024 * 128))
    random_data = bytearray(random.randint(0, 255) for x in range(1024 * 128 * 10 + 1))
    random_data[17] = ord('X')
    create_file('file3.txt', random_data, binary=True)

    # compress in emcc, -sLZ4 tells it to tell the file packager
    print('emcc-normal')
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_lz4fs.c', 0, cflags=['-sLZ4', '--preload-file', 'file1.txt', '--preload-file', 'subdir/file2.txt', '--preload-file', 'file3.txt'])
    assert os.path.getsize('file1.txt') + os.path.getsize('subdir/file2.txt') + os.path.getsize('file3.txt') == 3 * 1024 * 128 * 10 + 1
    assert os.path.getsize('test.data') < (3 * 1024 * 128 * 10) / 2  # over half is gone
    print('    emcc-opts')
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_lz4fs.c', 0, cflags=['-sLZ4', '--preload-file', 'file1.txt', '--preload-file', 'subdir/file2.txt', '--preload-file', 'file3.txt', '-O2'])

    # compress in the file packager, on the server. the client receives compressed data and can just
    # use it. this is typical usage
    print('normal')
    out = subprocess.check_output([FILE_PACKAGER, 'files.data', '--preload', 'file1.txt', 'subdir/file2.txt', 'file3.txt', '--lz4'])
    create_file('files.js', out, binary=True)
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_lz4fs.c', 0, cflags=['--pre-js', 'files.js', '-sLZ4', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'])
    print('    opts')
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_lz4fs.c', 0, cflags=['--pre-js', 'files.js', '-sLZ4', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM', '-O2'])
    print('    modularize')
    self.compile_btest('fs/test_lz4fs.c', ['--pre-js', 'files.js', '-sLZ4', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM', '-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'])
    create_file('a.html', '''
      <script src="a.out.js"></script>
      <script>
        Module()
      </script>
    ''')
    self.run_browser('a.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

    # load the data into LZ4FS manually at runtime. This means we compress on the client. This is
    # generally not recommended
    print('manual')
    subprocess.check_output([FILE_PACKAGER, 'files.data', '--preload', 'file1.txt', 'subdir/file2.txt', 'file3.txt', '--separate-metadata', '--js-output=files.js'])
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_lz4fs.c', 1, cflags=['-DLOAD_MANUALLY', '-sLZ4', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'])
    print('    opts')
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_lz4fs.c', 1, cflags=['-DLOAD_MANUALLY', '-sLZ4', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM', '-O2'])
    print('    opts+closure')
    self.btest_exit('fs/test_lz4fs.c', 1, cflags=['-DLOAD_MANUALLY', '-sLZ4',
                                                  '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM', '-O2',
                                                  '--closure=1', '-g1', '-Wno-closure'])

    # non-lz4 for comparison
    # try:
    #   os.mkdir('files')
    # except OSError:
    #   pass
    # shutil.copy('file1.txt', 'files/'))
    # shutil.copy('file2.txt', 'files/'))
    # shutil.copy('file3.txt', 'files/'))
    # out = subprocess.check_output([FILE_PACKAGER, 'files.data', '--preload', 'files/file1.txt', 'files/file2.txt', 'files/file3.txt'])
    # create_file('files.js', out, binary=True)

  def test_separate_metadata_later(self):
    # see issue #6654 - we need to handle separate-metadata both when we run before
    # the main program, and when we are run later

    create_file('data.dat', ' ')
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'more.data', '--preload', 'data.dat', '--separate-metadata', '--js-output=more.js'])
    self.btest(Path('browser/separate_metadata_later.cpp'), '1', cflags=['-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'])

  @requires_safari_version(260001, 'TODO: Fails with "Assertion failed: false"') # Fails in Safari 18.5 (20621.2.5.11.8) with Intel x64 CPU only. Passes on Safari 18.5 (20621.2.5.11.8) with ARM M1, Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618)/x64 and Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)/M4
  def test_idbstore(self):
    secret = str(time.time())
    for stage in (0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 4, 2, 5, 0, 4, 6, 5):
      print(stage)
      self.btest_exit('test_idbstore.c',
                      cflags=['-lidbstore.js', f'-DSTAGE={stage}', f'-DSECRET="{secret}"'],
                      output_basename=f'idbstore_{stage}')

  @parameterized({
    'asyncify': (['-sASYNCIFY'],),
    'jspi': (['-sJSPI'],),
  })
  def test_idbstore_sync(self, args):
    if is_jspi(args):
      self.require_jspi()
    secret = str(time.time())
    self.btest('test_idbstore_sync.c', '8', cflags=['-sSTRICT', '-lidbstore.js', f'-DSECRET="{secret}"', '-O3', '--closure=1'] + args)

  def test_force_exit(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_force_exit.c')

  def test_sdl_pumpevents(self):
    # key events should be detected using SDL_PumpEvents
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_pumpevents.c', cflags=['--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_canvas_size(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_canvas_size.c',
                    cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '--shell-file',
                               test_file('browser/test_sdl_canvas_size.html'), '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_gl_extensions(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_gl_extensions.c', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_gl_read(self):
    # SDL, OpenGL, readPixels
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_gl_read.c', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_gl_mapbuffers(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_gl_mapbuffers.c', cflags=['-sFULL_ES3', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_ogl(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_ogl.c', 'screenshot-gray-purple.png', reference_slack=1,
                 cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_ogl_regal(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_ogl.c', 'screenshot-gray-purple.png', reference_slack=1,
                 cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sUSE_REGAL', '-DUSE_REGAL', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL', '-lc++', '-lc++abi'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_ogl_defaultmatrixmode(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_ogl_defaultMatrixMode.c', 'screenshot-gray-purple.png', reference_slack=1,
                 cflags=['--minify=0', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_ogl_p(self):
    # Immediate mode with pointers
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_ogl_p.c', 'screenshot-gray.png', reference_slack=1,
                 cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_ogl_proc_alias(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_ogl_proc_alias.c', 'screenshot-gray-purple.png', reference_slack=1,
                 cflags=['-O2', '-g2', '-sINLINING_LIMIT', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_fog_simple(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_fog_simple.c', 'screenshot-fog-simple.png',
                 cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_fog_negative(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_fog_negative.c', 'screenshot-fog-negative.png',
                 cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_fog_density(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_fog_density.c', 'screenshot-fog-density.png',
                 cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_fog_exp2(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_fog_exp2.c', 'screenshot-fog-exp2.png',
                 cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_fog_linear(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_fog_linear.c', 'screenshot-fog-linear.png', reference_slack=1,
                 cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-lglfw'],),
    's_flag': (['-sUSE_GLFW=2'],),
    'both_flags': (['-sUSE_GLFW=2', '-lglfw'],),
  })
  def test_glfw(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_glfw.c', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS'] + args)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    's_flag': (['-sUSE_GLFW=2'],),
  })
  def test_glfw_minimal(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_glfw_minimal.c', cflags=['-lglfw', '-lGL'] + args)

  def test_glfw_time(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_glfw_time.c', cflags=['-sUSE_GLFW=3', '-lglfw', '-lGL'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'proxy_to_pthread': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER'],),
  })
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_egl(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_egl.c', cflags=['-O2', '-lEGL', '-lGL', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS'] + args)

  @also_with_proxy_to_pthread
  def test_egl_width_height(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_egl_width_height.c', cflags=['-O2', '-lEGL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_egl_createcontext_error(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_egl_createcontext_error.c', cflags=['-lEGL', '-lGL'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([False],),
    'preload': ([True],),
  })
  def test_hello_world_worker(self, file_data):
    # Test running in a web worker
    create_file('file.dat', 'data for worker')
    create_file('main.html', '''
      <html>
      <body>
        Worker Test
        <script>
          var worker = new Worker('worker.js');
          worker.onmessage = async (event) => {
            await fetch('http://localhost:%s/report_result?' + event.data);
            window.close();
          };
        </script>
      </body>
      </html>
    ''' % self.PORT)

    cmd = [EMCC, test_file('hello_world_worker.c'), '-o', 'worker.js'] + self.get_cflags()
    if file_data:
      cmd += ['--preload-file', 'file.dat']
    self.run_process(cmd)
    self.assertExists('worker.js')
    self.run_browser('main.html', '/report_result?hello from worker, and :' + ('data for w' if file_data else '') + ':')

  @no_wasmfs('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/19608')
  def test_mmap_lazyfile(self):
    create_file('lazydata.dat', 'hello world')
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      Module["preInit"] = () => {
        FS.createLazyFile('/', "lazy.txt", "lazydata.dat", true, false);
      }
    ''')
    self.btest_exit('test_mmap_lazyfile.c', cflags=['--pre-js=pre.js'], run_in_worker=True)

  @no_wasmfs('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/19608')
  @no_firefox('keeps sending OPTIONS requests, and eventually errors')
  def test_chunked_synchronous_xhr(self):
    main = 'chunked_sync_xhr.html'
    worker_filename = "download_and_checksum_worker.js"

    create_file(main, r"""
      <!doctype html>
      <html>
      <head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Chunked XHR</title></head>
      <body>
        Chunked XHR Web Worker Test
        <script>
          var worker = new Worker("%s");
          var buffer = [];
          worker.onmessage = async (event) => {
            if (event.data.channel === "stdout") {
              await fetch('http://localhost:%s/report_result?' + event.data.line);
              window.close();
            } else {
              if (event.data.trace) event.data.trace.split("\n").map(function(v) { console.error(v); });
              if (event.data.line) {
                console.error(event.data.line);
              } else {
                var v = event.data.char;
                if (v == 10) {
                  var line = buffer.splice(0);
                  console.error(line = line.map(function(charCode){return String.fromCharCode(charCode);}).join(''));
                } else {
                  buffer.push(v);
                }
              }
            }
          };
        </script>
      </body>
      </html>
    """ % (worker_filename, self.PORT))

    create_file('worker_prejs.js', r"""
      Module.arguments = ["/bigfile"];
      Module.preInit = () => {
        FS.createLazyFile('/', "bigfile", "http://localhost:11111/bogus_file_path", true, false);
      };
      var doTrace = true;
      Module.print = (s) => self.postMessage({channel: "stdout", line: s});
      Module.printErr = (s) => { self.postMessage({channel: "stderr", char: s, trace: ((doTrace && s === 10) ? new Error().stack : null)}); doTrace = false; };
    """)
    self.compile_btest('checksummer.c', ['-g', '-sSMALL_XHR_CHUNKS', '-o', worker_filename,
                                         '--pre-js', 'worker_prejs.js'])
    chunkSize = 1024
    data = os.urandom(10 * chunkSize + 1) # 10 full chunks and one 1 byte chunk
    checksum = zlib.adler32(data) & 0xffffffff # Python 2 compatibility: force bigint

    server = HttpServerThread(make_test_chunked_synchronous_xhr_server(True, data, self.PORT))
    server.start()

    # block until the server is actually ready
    for i in range(60):
      try:
        urlopen('http://localhost:11111')
        break
      except Exception as e:
        print('(sleep for server)')
        time.sleep(1)
        if i == 60:
          raise e

    try:
      self.run_browser(main, '/report_result?' + str(checksum))
    finally:
      server.stop()
      server.join()
    # Avoid race condition on cleanup, wait a bit so that processes have released file locks so that test tearDown won't
    # attempt to rmdir() files in use.
    if WINDOWS:
      time.sleep(2)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glgears(self, extra_args=[]):  # noqa
    self.reftest('hello_world_gles.c', 'gears.png', reference_slack=3,
                 cflags=['-DHAVE_BUILTIN_SINCOS', '-lGL', '-lglut'] + extra_args)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glgears_pthreads(self, extra_args=[]):  # noqa
    # test that a program that doesn't use pthreads still works with with pthreads enabled
    # (regression test for https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/8059#issuecomment-488105672)
    self.test_glgears(['-pthread'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glgears_long(self):
    args = ['-DHAVE_BUILTIN_SINCOS', '-DLONGTEST', '-lGL', '-lglut', '-DANIMATE']
    self.btest('hello_world_gles.c', expected='0', cflags=args)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ('hello_world_gles.c',),
    'full': ('hello_world_gles_full.c',),
    'full_944': ('hello_world_gles_full_944.c',),
  })
  @flaky('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/25329')
  def test_glgears_animation(self, filename):
    shutil.copy(test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '.')
    args = ['-o', 'something.html',
            '-DHAVE_BUILTIN_SINCOS', '-sGL_TESTING', '-lGL', '-lglut',
            '--shell-file', test_file('hello_world_gles_shell.html')]
    if 'full' in filename:
      args += ['-sFULL_ES2']
    self.compile_btest(filename, args)
    self.run_browser('something.html', '/report_gl_result?true')

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_fulles2_sdlproc(self):
    self.btest_exit('full_es2_sdlproc.c', cflags=['-sGL_TESTING', '-DHAVE_BUILTIN_SINCOS', '-sFULL_ES2', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lglut', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS', '-Wno-int-conversion'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @flaky('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/25329')
  def test_glgears_deriv(self):
    self.reftest('hello_world_gles_deriv.c', 'gears.png', reference_slack=2,
                 cflags=['-DHAVE_BUILTIN_SINCOS', '-lGL', '-lglut'])
    assert 'gl-matrix' not in read_file('test.html'), 'Should not include glMatrix when not needed'

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    'Hello_Triangle': ('CH02_HelloTriangle.o', [], []),
    'Simple_VertexShader': ('CH08_SimpleVertexShader.o', [], []),
    'Simple_Texture2D': ('CH09_SimpleTexture2D.o', [], []),
    'Simple_TextureCubemap': ('CH09_TextureCubemap.o', [], []),
    'TextureWrap': ('CH09_TextureWrap.o', [], []),
    'MultiTexture': ('CH10_MultiTexture.o', ['Chapter_10/MultiTexture/basemap.tga', 'Chapter_10/MultiTexture/lightmap.tga'], []),
    # run this individual test with optimizations and closure for more coverage
    'ParticleSystem': ('CH13_ParticleSystem.o', ['Chapter_13/ParticleSystem/smoke.tga'], ['-O2']),
  })
  def test_glbook(self, program, images, cflags):
    self.cflags.append('-Wno-int-conversion')
    self.cflags.append('-Wno-pointer-sign')

    libs = self.get_library('third_party/glbook', [
      'Chapter_2/Hello_Triangle/CH02_HelloTriangle.o',
      'Chapter_8/Simple_VertexShader/CH08_SimpleVertexShader.o',
      'Chapter_9/Simple_Texture2D/CH09_SimpleTexture2D.o',
      'Chapter_9/Simple_TextureCubemap/CH09_TextureCubemap.o',
      'Chapter_9/TextureWrap/CH09_TextureWrap.o',
      'Chapter_10/MultiTexture/CH10_MultiTexture.o',
      'Chapter_13/ParticleSystem/CH13_ParticleSystem.o',
    ], configure=None)

    def book_path(path):
      return test_file('third_party/glbook', path)

    cflags += ['-lGL', '-lEGL', '-lX11']
    for image in images:
      cflags += ['--preload-file', f'{book_path(image)}@{os.path.basename(image)}']

    lib = [l for l in libs if program in os.path.basename(l)][0]

    self.reftest(lib, book_path(program.replace('.o', '.png')), cflags=cflags)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    'normal': (['-sFULL_ES2'],),
    # Enabling FULL_ES3 also enables ES2 automatically
    'full_es3': (['-sFULL_ES3'],),
  })
  def test_gles2_emulation(self, args):
    shutil.copy(test_file('third_party/glbook/Chapter_10/MultiTexture/basemap.tga'), '.')
    shutil.copy(test_file('third_party/glbook/Chapter_10/MultiTexture/lightmap.tga'), '.')
    shutil.copy(test_file('third_party/glbook/Chapter_13/ParticleSystem/smoke.tga'), '.')

    for source, reference in [
      ('third_party/glbook/Chapter_2/Hello_Triangle/Hello_Triangle_orig.c', 'third_party/glbook/CH02_HelloTriangle.png'),
      # ('third_party/glbook/Chapter_8/Simple_VertexShader/Simple_VertexShader_orig.c', 'third_party/glbook/CH08_SimpleVertexShader.png'), # XXX needs INT extension in WebGL
      ('third_party/glbook/Chapter_9/TextureWrap/TextureWrap_orig.c', 'third_party/glbook/CH09_TextureWrap.png'),
      # ('third_party/glbook/Chapter_9/Simple_TextureCubemap/Simple_TextureCubemap_orig.c', 'third_party/glbook/CH09_TextureCubemap.png'), # XXX needs INT extension in WebGL
      ('third_party/glbook/Chapter_9/Simple_Texture2D/Simple_Texture2D_orig.c', 'third_party/glbook/CH09_SimpleTexture2D.png'),
      ('third_party/glbook/Chapter_10/MultiTexture/MultiTexture_orig.c', 'third_party/glbook/CH10_MultiTexture.png'),
      ('third_party/glbook/Chapter_13/ParticleSystem/ParticleSystem_orig.c', 'third_party/glbook/CH13_ParticleSystem.png'),
    ]:
      print(source)
      self.reftest(source, reference,
                   cflags=['-I' + test_file('third_party/glbook/Common'),
                              test_file('third_party/glbook/Common/esUtil.c'),
                              test_file('third_party/glbook/Common/esShader.c'),
                              test_file('third_party/glbook/Common/esShapes.c'),
                              test_file('third_party/glbook/Common/esTransform.c'),
                              '-lGL', '-lEGL', '-lX11', '-Wno-int-conversion', '-Wno-pointer-sign',
                              '--preload-file', 'basemap.tga', '--preload-file', 'lightmap.tga', '--preload-file', 'smoke.tga'] + args)

  @requires_webgl2
  def test_clientside_vertex_arrays_es3(self):
    self.reftest('clientside_vertex_arrays_es3.c', 'gl_triangle.png', cflags=['-sFULL_ES3', '-sUSE_GLFW=3', '-lglfw', '-lGLESv2'])

  def test_emscripten_api(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_api_browser.c', cflags=['-lSDL'])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_emscripten_async_load_script(self):
    def setup():
      create_file('script1.js', '''
        Module._set(456);
      ''')
      create_file('file1.txt', 'first')
      create_file('file2.txt', 'second')

    setup()
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'test.data', '--preload', 'file1.txt', 'file2.txt'], stdout=open('script2.js', 'w'))
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_async_load_script.c', cflags=['-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'])

    # check using file packager to another dir
    self.clear()
    setup()
    ensure_dir('sub')
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'sub/test.data', '--preload', 'file1.txt', 'file2.txt'], stdout=open('script2.js', 'w'))
    shutil.copy(Path('sub/test.data'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_async_load_script.c', cflags=['-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_emscripten_overlapped_package(self):
    # test that a program that loads multiple file_packager.py packages has a correctly initialized filesystem.
    # this exercises https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/23602 whose root cause was a difference
    # between JS FS and WASMFS behavior.
    def setup():
      ensure_dir('sub')
      create_file('sub/file1.txt', 'first')
      create_file('sub/file2.txt', 'second')

    setup()
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'test.data', '--preload', 'sub/file1.txt@/target/file1.txt'], stdout=open('script1.js', 'w'))
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'test2.data', '--preload', 'sub/file2.txt@/target/file2.txt'], stdout=open('script2.js', 'w'))
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_overlapped_package.c', cflags=['-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'])
    self.clear()

  def test_emscripten_api_infloop(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_api_browser_infloop.cpp')

  @also_with_proxy_to_pthread
  def test_emscripten_main_loop(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_main_loop.c')

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    # test pthreads + AUTO_JS_LIBRARIES mode as well
    'pthreads': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sAUTO_JS_LIBRARIES=0'],),
  })
  def test_emscripten_main_loop_settimeout(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_main_loop_settimeout.c', cflags=args)

  @also_with_proxy_to_pthread
  def test_emscripten_main_loop_and_blocker(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_main_loop_and_blocker.c')

  def test_emscripten_main_loop_and_blocker_exit(self):
    # Same as above but tests that EXIT_RUNTIME works with emscripten_main_loop.  The
    # app should still stay alive until the loop ends
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_main_loop_and_blocker.c')

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'pthreads': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'],),
    'strict': (['-sSTRICT'],),
  })
  def test_emscripten_main_loop_setimmediate(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_main_loop_setimmediate.c', cflags=args)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O1': (['-O1'],),
  })
  def test_fs_after_main(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_fs_after_main.c', cflags=args)

  def test_sdl_quit(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_quit.c', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_resize(self):
    # FIXME(https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/12978)
    self.cflags.append('-Wno-deprecated-declarations')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_resize.c', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_glshaderinfo(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_glshaderinfo.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-lglut'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glgetattachedshaders(self):
    self.btest('glgetattachedshaders.c', '1', cflags=['-lGL', '-lEGL'])

  # Covered by dEQP text suite (we can remove it later if we add coverage for that).
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glframebufferattachmentinfo(self):
    self.btest('glframebufferattachmentinfo.c', '1', cflags=['-lGLESv2', '-lEGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_glshader(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_glshader.c', 'test_sdl_glshader.png', cflags=['-O2', '--closure=1', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl_glshader2(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_glshader2.c', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_glteximage(self):
    self.btest('gl_teximage.c', '1', cflags=['-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'pthreads': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER'],),
    'pthreads_main_module': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-sMAIN_MODULE', '-Wno-experimental'],),
  })
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_textures(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('gl_textures.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-g', '-sSTACK_SIZE=1MB'] + args)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_ps(self):
    # pointers and a shader
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('gl_ps.c', 'gl_ps.png', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '--use-preload-plugins'], reference_slack=1)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_ps_packed(self):
    # packed data that needs to be strided
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('gl_ps_packed.c', 'gl_ps.png', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '--use-preload-plugins'], reference_slack=1)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_ps_strides(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('gl_ps_strides.c', 'gl_ps_strides.png', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '--use-preload-plugins'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_ps_worker(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('gl_ps_worker.c', 'gl_ps.png', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '--use-preload-plugins'], reference_slack=1)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_renderers(self):
    self.reftest('gl_renderers.c', 'gl_renderers.png', cflags=['-sGL_UNSAFE_OPTS=0', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_2gb('render fails')
  @no_4gb('render fails')
  def test_gl_stride(self):
    self.reftest('gl_stride.c', 'gl_stride.png', cflags=['-sGL_UNSAFE_OPTS=0', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_vertex_buffer_pre(self):
    self.reftest('gl_vertex_buffer_pre.c', 'gl_vertex_buffer_pre.png', cflags=['-sGL_UNSAFE_OPTS=0', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gl_vertex_buffer(self):
    self.reftest('gl_vertex_buffer.c', 'gl_vertex_buffer.png', cflags=['-sGL_UNSAFE_OPTS=0', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'], reference_slack=1)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gles2_uniform_arrays(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_gles2_uniform_arrays.c', cflags=['-sGL_ASSERTIONS', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_gles2_conformance(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_gles2_conformance.c', cflags=['-sGL_ASSERTIONS', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_matrix_identity(self):
    self.btest('gl_matrix_identity.c', expected=['-1882984448', '460451840', '1588195328', '2411982848'], cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_pre(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_pre_regal(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre.png', cflags=['-sUSE_REGAL', '-DUSE_REGAL', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lc++', '-lc++abi'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_pre2(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre2.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre2.png', cflags=['-sGL_DEBUG', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL']) # some coverage for GL_DEBUG not breaking the build

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_pre3(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre3.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre2.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'tracing': (['-sTRACE_WEBGL_CALLS'],),
  })
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom(self, args):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom.png', cflags=['-O2', '-g', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'] + args)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_regal(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom.png', cflags=['-O2', '-g', '-DUSE_REGAL', '-sUSE_REGAL', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lc++', '-lc++abi'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_regal_pthread(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom.png', cflags=['-O2', '-g', '-pthread', '-DUSE_REGAL', '-pthread', '-sUSE_REGAL', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lc++', '-lc++abi'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O1': (['-O1'],),
    # also test -Os in wasm, which uses meta-dce, which should not break
    # legacy gl emulation hacks
    'Os': (['-Os'],),
  })
  def test_cubegeom_proc(self, opts):
    create_file('side.c', r'''

extern void* SDL_GL_GetProcAddress(const char *);

void *glBindBuffer = 0; // same name as the gl function, to check that the collision does not break us

void *getBindBuffer() {
  if (!glBindBuffer) glBindBuffer = SDL_GL_GetProcAddress("glBindBuffer");
  return glBindBuffer;
}
''')
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_proc.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom.png', cflags=opts + ['side.c', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS'])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_glew(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_glew.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom.png', cflags=['-O2', '--closure=1', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lGLEW', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_color(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_color.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_color.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_normal(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_normal_dap(self): # draw is given a direct pointer to clientside memory, no element array buffer
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal_dap.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_normal_dap_far(self): # indices do not start from 0
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal_dap_far.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_normal_dap_far_range(self): # glDrawRangeElements
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal_dap_far_range.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_normal_dap_far_glda(self): # use glDrawArrays
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal_dap_far_glda.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal_dap_far_glda.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_firefox('fails on CI but works locally')
  def test_cubegeom_normal_dap_far_glda_quad(self): # with quad
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal_dap_far_glda_quad.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_normal_dap_far_glda_quad.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_mt(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_mt.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_mt.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL']) # multitexture

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_color2(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_color2.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_color2.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_texturematrix(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_texturematrix.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_texturematrix.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_fog(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_fog.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_fog.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_pre_vao(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_pre_vao_regal(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao.png', cflags=['-sUSE_REGAL', '-DUSE_REGAL', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lc++', '-lc++abi'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_pre2_vao(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre2_vao.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_pre2_vao2(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre2_vao2.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre2_vao2.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_pre_vao_es(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao_es.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao.png', cflags=['-sFULL_ES2', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_webgl2
  @no_swiftshader
  def test_cubegeom_row_length(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao_es.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_pre_vao.png', cflags=['-sFULL_ES2', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-DUSE_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH', '-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cubegeom_u4fv_2(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_u4fv_2.c', 'third_party/cubegeom/cubegeom_u4fv_2.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_cube_explosion(self):
    self.reftest('cube_explosion.c', 'cube_explosion.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glgettexenv(self):
    self.btest('glgettexenv.c', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'], expected='1')

  def test_sdl_canvas_blank(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_canvas_blank.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_blank.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_canvas_palette(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_canvas_palette.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_palette.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_canvas_twice(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_canvas_twice.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_twice.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_set_clip_rect(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_set_clip_rect.c', 'test_sdl_set_clip_rect.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_maprgba(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_maprgba.c', 'test_sdl_maprgba.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'], reference_slack=3)

  def test_sdl_create_rgb_surface_from(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_create_rgb_surface_from.c', 'test_sdl_create_rgb_surface_from.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_rotozoom(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl_rotozoom.c', 'test_sdl_rotozoom.png', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '--use-preload-plugins', '-lSDL', '-lGL'], reference_slack=3)

  def test_sdl_gfx_primitives(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_gfx_primitives.c', 'test_sdl_gfx_primitives.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'], reference_slack=1)

  def test_sdl_canvas_palette_2(self):
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      Module['preRun'] = () => {
        SDL.defaults.copyOnLock = false;
      };
    ''')

    create_file('args-r.js', '''
      Module['arguments'] = ['-r'];
    ''')

    create_file('args-g.js', '''
      Module['arguments'] = ['-g'];
    ''')

    create_file('args-b.js', '''
      Module['arguments'] = ['-b'];
    ''')

    self.reftest('test_sdl_canvas_palette_2.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_palette_r.png', cflags=['--pre-js', 'pre.js', '--pre-js', 'args-r.js', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])
    self.reftest('test_sdl_canvas_palette_2.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_palette_g.png', cflags=['--pre-js', 'pre.js', '--pre-js', 'args-g.js', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])
    self.reftest('test_sdl_canvas_palette_2.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_palette_b.png', cflags=['--pre-js', 'pre.js', '--pre-js', 'args-b.js', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_ttf_render_text_solid(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_ttf_render_text_solid.c', 'test_sdl_ttf_render_text_solid.png', cflags=['-O2', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_alloctext(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_alloctext.c', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  def test_sdl_surface_refcount(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_surface_refcount.c', cflags=['-lSDL'])

  def test_sdl_free_screen(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl_free_screen.c', 'htmltest.png', cflags=['-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glbegin_points(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('glbegin_points.c', 'glbegin_points.png', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '--use-preload-plugins'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_s3tc(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.dds'), '.')
    self.reftest('s3tc.c', 's3tc.png', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.dds', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_s3tc_ffp_only(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.dds'), '.')
    self.reftest('s3tc.c', 's3tc.png', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.dds', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-sGL_FFP_ONLY', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'subimage': (['-DTEST_TEXSUBIMAGE'],),
  })
  def test_anisotropic(self, args):
    shutil.copy(test_file('browser/water.dds'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_anisotropic.c', 'test_anisotropic.png', reference_slack=2, cflags=['--preload-file', 'water.dds', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL', '-Wno-incompatible-pointer-types'] + args)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_tex_nonbyte(self):
    self.reftest('tex_nonbyte.c', 'tex_nonbyte.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_float_tex(self):
    self.reftest('float_tex.c', 'float_tex.png', cflags=['-lGL', '-lglut'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'tracing': (['-sTRACE_WEBGL_CALLS'],),
    'es2': (['-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-sFULL_ES2', '-sWEBGL2_BACKWARDS_COMPATIBILITY_EMULATION'],),
    'es2_tracing': (['-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-sFULL_ES2', '-sWEBGL2_BACKWARDS_COMPATIBILITY_EMULATION', '-sTRACE_WEBGL_CALLS'],),
  })
  def test_subdata(self, args):
    if '-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2' in args and webgl2_disabled():
      self.skipTest('This test requires WebGL2 to be available')
    if self.is_4gb() and '-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2' in args:
      self.skipTest('texSubImage2D fails: https://crbug.com/325090165')
    self.reftest('gl_subdata.c', 'float_tex.png', cflags=['-lGL', '-lglut'] + args)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_perspective(self):
    self.reftest('perspective.c', 'perspective.png', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL', '-lSDL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glerror(self):
    self.btest('gl_error.c', expected='1', cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lGL'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'strict': (['-lopenal', '-sSTRICT'],),
    'closure': (['--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_openal_error(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('openal/test_openal_error.c', cflags=args)

  @requires_microphone_access
  def test_openal_capture_sanity(self):
    self.btest_exit('openal/test_openal_capture_sanity.c')

  def test_openal_extensions(self):
    self.btest_exit('openal/test_openal_extensions.c')

  def test_openal_playback(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('sounds/audio.wav'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('openal/test_openal_playback.c', cflags=['-O2', '--preload-file', 'audio.wav'])

  def test_openal_buffers(self):
    self.btest_exit('openal/test_openal_buffers.c', cflags=['--preload-file', test_file('sounds/the_entertainer.wav') + '@/'])

  def test_runtimelink(self):
    create_file('header.h', r'''
      struct point {
        int x, y;
      };
    ''')

    create_file('supp.c', r'''
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include "header.h"

      extern void mainFunc(int x);
      extern int mainInt;

      void suppFunc(struct point *p) {
        printf("supp: %d,%d\n", p->x, p->y);
        mainFunc(p->x + p->y);
        printf("supp see: %d\n", mainInt);
      }

      int suppInt = 76;
    ''')

    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <assert.h>
      #include "header.h"

      extern void suppFunc(struct point *p);
      extern int suppInt;

      void mainFunc(int x) {
        printf("main: %d\n", x);
        assert(x == 56);
      }

      int mainInt = 543;

      int main( int argc, const char *argv[] ) {
        struct point p = { 54, 2 };
        suppFunc(&p);
        printf("main see: %d\nok.\n", suppInt);
        assert(suppInt == 76);
        return 0;
      }
    ''')
    self.run_process([EMCC, 'supp.c', '-o', 'supp.wasm', '-sSIDE_MODULE', '-O2'] + self.get_cflags())
    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['-sMAIN_MODULE=2', '-O2', 'supp.wasm'])

  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_pre_run_deps(self):
    # Adding a dependency in preRun will delay run
    self.set_setting('DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FUNCS_TO_INCLUDE', '$addRunDependency')
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      Module.preRun = () => {
        addRunDependency('foo');
        out('preRun called, added a dependency...');
        setTimeout(function() {
          Module.okk = 10;
          removeRunDependency('foo')
        }, 2000);
      };
    ''')

    self.btest('test_pre_run_deps.c', expected='10', cflags=['--pre-js', 'pre.js'])

  @also_with_wasm2js
  @parameterized({
    '': ([], '600'),
    'no_main': (['-DNO_MAIN', '--pre-js', 'pre_runtime.js'], '601'), # 601, because no main means we *do* run another call after exit()
  })
  def test_runtime_misuse(self, extra_args, second_code):
    self.set_setting('DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FUNCS_TO_INCLUDE', '$ccall,$cwrap')
    post_prep = '''
      var expected_ok = false;
      function doCcall(n) {
        ccall('note', 'string', ['number'], [n]);
      }
      var wrapped = cwrap('note', 'string', ['number']); // returns a string to suppress cwrap optimization
      function doCwrapCall(n) {
        var str = wrapped(n);
        out('got ' + str);
        assert(str === 'silly-string');
      }
      function doDirectCall(n) {
        Module['_note'](n);
      }
    '''
    post_test = '''
      var ok = false;
      try {
        doCcall(1);
        ok = true; // should fail and not reach here, runtime is not ready yet so ccall will abort
      } catch(e) {
        out('expected fail 1:', e);
        assert(e.toString().includes('Assertion failed')); // assertion, not something else
        ABORT = false; // hackish
      }
      assert(ok === expected_ok);

      ok = false;
      try {
        doCwrapCall(2);
        ok = true; // should fail and not reach here, runtime is not ready yet so cwrap call will abort
      } catch(e) {
        out('expected fail 2:', e);
        assert(e.toString().includes('Assertion failed')); // assertion, not something else
        ABORT = false; // hackish
      }
      assert(ok === expected_ok);

      ok = false;
      try {
        doDirectCall(3);
        ok = true; // should fail and not reach here, runtime is not ready yet so any code execution
      } catch(e) {
        out('expected fail 3:', e);
        assert(e.toString().includes('Assertion failed')); // assertion, not something else
        ABORT = false; // hackish
      }
      assert(ok === expected_ok);
    '''

    post_hook = r'''
      function myJSCallback() {
        // Run on the next event loop, as code may run in a postRun right after main().
        setTimeout(async () => {
          out('done timeout noted = ' + Module.noted);
          assert(Module.noted);
          await fetch('/report_result?' + HEAP32[Module.noted/4]);
          window.close();
        }, 0);
        // called from main, this is an ok time
        doCcall(100);
        doCwrapCall(200);
        doDirectCall(300);
      }
    '''

    create_file('pre_runtime.js', r'''
      Module.onRuntimeInitialized = myJSCallback;
    ''')

    print('mem init, so async, call too early')
    create_file('post.js', post_prep + post_test + post_hook)
    self.btest('test_runtime_misuse.c', expected='600', cflags=['--post-js', 'post.js', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'] + extra_args, reporting=Reporting.NONE)

    print('sync startup, call too late')
    create_file('post.js', post_prep + 'Module.postRun = () => { ' + post_test + ' };' + post_hook)
    self.btest('test_runtime_misuse.c', expected=second_code, cflags=['--post-js', 'post.js', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'] + extra_args, reporting=Reporting.NONE)

    print('sync, runtime still alive, so all good')
    create_file('post.js', post_prep + 'expected_ok = true; Module.postRun = () => { ' + post_test + ' };' + post_hook)
    self.btest('test_runtime_misuse.c', expected='606', cflags=['--post-js', 'post.js'] + extra_args, reporting=Reporting.NONE)

  def test_cwrap_early(self):
    self.btest('browser/test_cwrap_early.c', cflags=['-O2', '-sASSERTIONS', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/test_cwrap_early.js'), '-sEXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=cwrap'], expected='0')

  @no_wasm64('TODO: wasm64 + BUILD_AS_WORKER')
  def test_worker_api(self):
    self.compile_btest('worker_api_worker.cpp', ['-o', 'worker.js', '-sBUILD_AS_WORKER', '-sEXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=_one'])
    self.btest('worker_api_main.cpp', expected='566')

  @no_wasm64('TODO: wasm64 + BUILD_AS_WORKER')
  def test_worker_api_2(self):
    self.compile_btest('worker_api_2_worker.cpp', ['-o', 'worker.js', '-sBUILD_AS_WORKER', '-O2', '--minify=0', '-sEXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=_one,_two,_three,_four', '--closure=1'])
    self.btest('worker_api_2_main.cpp', cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0'], expected='11')

  @no_wasm64('TODO: wasm64 + BUILD_AS_WORKER')
  def test_worker_api_3(self):
    self.compile_btest('worker_api_3_worker.cpp', ['-o', 'worker.js', '-sBUILD_AS_WORKER', '-sEXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=_one'])
    self.btest('worker_api_3_main.cpp', expected='5')

  @no_wasm64('TODO: wasm64 + BUILD_AS_WORKER')
  def test_worker_api_sleep(self):
    self.compile_btest('worker_api_worker_sleep.cpp', ['-o', 'worker.js', '-sBUILD_AS_WORKER', '-sEXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=_one', '-sASYNCIFY'])
    self.btest('worker_api_main.cpp', expected='566')

  @no_wasm64('TODO: wasm64 + BUILD_AS_WORKER')
  def test_worker_api_with_pthread_compilation_fails(self):
    self.run_process([EMCC, '-c', '-o', 'hello.o', test_file('hello_world.c')])
    expected = "pthreads + BUILD_AS_WORKER require separate modes that don't work together, see https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/8854"
    self.assert_fail([EMCC, 'hello.o', '-o', 'a.js', '-g', '--closure=1', '-pthread', '-sBUILD_AS_WORKER'], expected)

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_wget(self):
    create_file('test.txt', 'emscripten')
    self.btest_exit('test_wget.c', cflags=['-sASYNCIFY'])

  def test_wget_data(self):
    create_file('test.txt', 'emscripten')
    self.btest_exit('test_wget_data.c', cflags=['-O2', '-g2', '-sASYNCIFY'])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O2': (['-O2'],),
  })
  def test_emscripten_async_wget(self, args):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.') # preloaded *after* run
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_async_wget.c', cflags=['-lSDL'] + args)

  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_emscripten_async_wget2(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_async_wget2.cpp')

  @disabled('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/15818')
  def test_emscripten_async_wget2_data(self):
    create_file('hello.txt', 'Hello Emscripten!')
    self.btest('test_emscripten_async_wget2_data.cpp', expected='0')

  def test_emscripten_async_wget_side_module(self):
    self.emcc('test_emscripten_async_wget_side_module.c', ['-o', 'lib.wasm', '-O2', '-sSIDE_MODULE'])
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_async_wget_main_module.c', cflags=['-O2', '-sMAIN_MODULE=2'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'lz4': (['-sLZ4'],),
  })
  def test_preload_module(self, args):
    create_file('library.c', r'''
      #include <stdio.h>
      int library_func() {
        return 42;
      }
    ''')
    self.emcc('library.c', ['-sSIDE_MODULE', '-O2', '-o', 'library.so'])
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <assert.h>
      #include <dlfcn.h>
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <emscripten.h>
      int main() {
        int found = EM_ASM_INT(
          return preloadedWasm['/library.so'] !== undefined;
        );
        assert(found);
        void *lib_handle = dlopen("/library.so", RTLD_NOW);
        assert(lib_handle);
        typedef int (*voidfunc)();
        voidfunc x = (voidfunc)dlsym(lib_handle, "library_func");
        assert(x);
        assert(x() == 42);
        return 0;
      }
    ''')
    self.btest_exit(
      'main.c',
      cflags=['-sMAIN_MODULE=2', '--preload-file', '.@/', '--use-preload-plugins'] + args)

  # This does not actually verify anything except that --cpuprofiler and --memoryprofiler compiles.
  # Run interactive.test_cpuprofiler_memoryprofiler for interactive testing.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'modularized': (['-sMODULARIZE=1', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule', '--shell-file', test_file('shell_that_launches_modularize.html')],),
  })
  def test_cpuprofiler_memoryprofiler(self, opts):
    self.btest_exit('hello_world_gles.c', cflags=['-DLONGTEST=1', '-DTEST_MEMORYPROFILER_ALLOCATIONS_MAP=1', '--cpuprofiler', '--memoryprofiler', '-lGL', '-lglut', '-DANIMATE'] + opts)

  def test_uuid(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_uuid.c', cflags=['-luuid'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glew(self):
    self.btest('glew.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lGLEW'], expected='1')
    self.btest('glew.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lGLEW', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION'], expected='1')
    self.btest('glew.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lGLEW', '-DGLEW_MX'], expected='1')
    self.btest('glew.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-lSDL', '-lGLEW', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-DGLEW_MX'], expected='1')

  def test_doublestart_bug(self):
    self.set_setting('DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FUNCS_TO_INCLUDE', '$addRunDependency,$removeRunDependency')
    create_file('pre.js', r'''
Module["preRun"] = () => {
  addRunDependency('test_run_dependency');
  removeRunDependency('test_run_dependency');
};
''')

    self.btest('doublestart.c', cflags=['--pre-js', 'pre.js'], expected='1')

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '-g1', '--closure=1', '-sHTML5_SUPPORT_DEFERRING_USER_SENSITIVE_REQUESTS=0'],),
    'pthread': (['-pthread'],),
    'proxy_to_pthread': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'],),
    'legacy': (['-sMIN_FIREFOX_VERSION=0', '-sMIN_SAFARI_VERSION=0', '-sMIN_CHROME_VERSION=0', '-Wno-transpile'],),
  })
  def test_html5_core(self, opts):
    if self.is_wasm64() and '-sMIN_CHROME_VERSION=0' in opts:
      self.skipTest('wasm64 does not support older browsers')
    if '-sHTML5_SUPPORT_DEFERRING_USER_SENSITIVE_REQUESTS=0' in opts:
      # In this mode an exception can be thrown by the browser, and we don't
      # want the test to fail in that case so we override the error handling.
      create_file('pre.js', '''
      globalThis.disableErrorReporting = true;
      window.addEventListener('error', (event) => {
        if (!event.message.includes('exception:fullscreen error')) {
          reportTopLevelError(event);
        }
      });
      ''')
      self.cflags.append('--pre-js=pre.js')
    self.btest_exit('test_html5_core.c', cflags=opts)

  def test_html5_remove_event_listener(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_html5_remove_event_listener.c')

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '-g1', '--closure=1'],),
    'pthread': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'],),
  })
  def test_html5_gamepad(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_gamepad.c', cflags=args)

  def test_html5_unknown_event_target(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_html5_unknown_event_target.c')

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '-g1', '--closure=1'],),
    'full_es2': (['-sFULL_ES2'],),
  })
  def test_html5_webgl_create_context_no_antialias(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_create_context.cpp', cflags=args + ['-DNO_ANTIALIAS', '-lGL'])

  # This test supersedes the one above, but it's skipped in the CI because anti-aliasing is not well supported by the Mesa software renderer.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '-g1', '--closure=1'],),
    'full_es2': (['-sFULL_ES2', '-DFULL_ES2', '-sGL_ASSERTIONS'],),
    'pthread': (['-pthread'],),
  })
  def test_html5_webgl_create_context(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_create_context.cpp', cflags=args + ['-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  # Verify bug https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/4556: creating a WebGL context to Module.canvas without an ID explicitly assigned to it.
  def test_html5_webgl_create_context2(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_create_context2.c')

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @requires_offscreen_canvas
  # Verify bug https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/22943: creating a WebGL context with explicit swap control and offscreenCanvas
  @parameterized({
    'offscreencanvas': (['-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT'],),
    'offscreenframebuffer': (['-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-DUSE_OFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER'],),
  })
  def test_html5_webgl_create_context_swapcontrol(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('browser/webgl_create_context_swapcontrol.c', cflags=args)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  # Verify bug https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/4556: creating a WebGL context to Module.canvas without an ID explicitly assigned to it.
  # (this only makes sense in the old deprecated -sDISABLE_DEPRECATED_FIND_EVENT_TARGET_BEHAVIOR=0 mode)
  def test_html5_special_event_targets(self):
    self.btest_exit('html5_special_event_targets.cpp', cflags=['-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O2': (['-O2', '-g1'],),
    'full_es2': (['-sFULL_ES2'],),
  })
  def test_html5_webgl_destroy_context(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_destroy_context.c', cflags=args + ['--shell-file', test_file('browser/webgl_destroy_context_shell.html'), '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_context_params(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_color_buffer_readpixels.c', cflags=['-lGL'])

  # Test for PR#5373 (https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/5373)
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'full_es2': (['-sFULL_ES2'],),
  })
  def test_webgl_shader_source_length(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_shader_source_length.c', cflags=args + ['-lGL'])

  # Tests calling glGetString(GL_UNMASKED_VENDOR_WEBGL).
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_unmasked_vendor_webgl(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_unmasked_vendor_webgl.c', cflags=['-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    'legacy_browser': (['-sMIN_CHROME_VERSION=0', '-Wno-transpile'],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '-g1', '--closure=1'],),
    'full_es2': (['-sFULL_ES2'],),
  })
  def test_webgl2(self, args):
    if '-sMIN_CHROME_VERSION=0' in args and self.is_wasm64():
      self.skipTest('wasm64 not supported by legacy browsers')
    self.btest_exit('webgl2.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'] + args)

  # Tests the WebGL 2 glGetBufferSubData() functionality.
  @requires_webgl2
  @no_4gb('getBufferSubData fails: https://crbug.com/325090165')
  def test_webgl2_get_buffer_sub_data(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_get_buffer_sub_data.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl2_pthreads(self):
    # test that a program can be compiled with pthreads and render WebGL2 properly on the main thread
    # (the testcase doesn't even use threads, but is compiled with thread support).
    self.btest_exit('webgl2.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL', '-pthread'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl2_objects(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_objects.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'])

  @requires_webgl2
  @requires_offscreen_canvas
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'offscreencanvas_pthread': (['-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'],),
    'offscreenframebuffer_pthread': (['-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'],),
  })
  def test_html5_webgl_api(self, args):
    if '-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT' in args and os.getenv('EMTEST_LACKS_OFFSCREEN_CANVAS'):
      return
    self.btest_exit('html5_webgl.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'] + args)

  @parameterized({
    'webgl1': (['-DWEBGL_VERSION=1'],),
    'webgl2': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DWEBGL_VERSION=2'],),
    'webgl1_extensions': (['-DWEBGL_VERSION=1', '-sGL_EXPLICIT_UNIFORM_LOCATION'],),
    'webgl2_extensions': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DWEBGL_VERSION=2', '-sGL_EXPLICIT_UNIFORM_LOCATION', '-sGL_EXPLICIT_UNIFORM_BINDING'],),
  })
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_preprocessor_variables(self, opts):
    if '-DWEBGL_VERSION=2' in opts and webgl2_disabled():
      self.skipTest('This test requires WebGL2 to be available')
    self.btest_exit('webgl_preprocessor_variables.c', cflags=['-lGL'] + opts)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl2_ubos(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_ubos.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'webgl2': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DTEST_WEBGL2=1'],),
  })
  def test_webgl2_garbage_free_entrypoints(self, args):
    if '-DTEST_WEBGL2=1' in args and webgl2_disabled():
      self.skipTest('This test requires WebGL2 to be available')
    if args and self.is_4gb():
      self.skipTest('readPixels fails: https://crbug.com/324992397')
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_garbage_free_entrypoints.c', cflags=args)

  @requires_webgl2
  def test_webgl2_backwards_compatibility_emulation(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_backwards_compatibility_emulation.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-sWEBGL2_BACKWARDS_COMPATIBILITY_EMULATION'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl2_runtime_no_context(self):
    # tests that if we support WebGL1 and 2, and WebGL2RenderingContext exists,
    # but context creation fails, that we can then manually try to create a
    # WebGL1 context and succeed.
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl2_runtime_no_context.cpp', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_context_major_version(self):
    # testing that majorVersion accepts only valid values
    self.btest('test_webgl_context_major_version.c', expected='abort:Expected Error: Invalid WebGL version requested: 0', cflags=['-lGL', '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION=0'])
    self.btest('test_webgl_context_major_version.c', expected='abort:Expected Error: Invalid WebGL version requested: 3', cflags=['-lGL', '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION=3'])

    # no linker flag (equivalent to -sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=1 -sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=1) => only 1 allowed
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_major_version.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION=1'])
    self.btest('test_webgl_context_major_version.c', expected='abort:Expected Error: WebGL 2 requested but only WebGL 1 is supported (set -sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2 to fix the problem)', cflags=['-lGL', '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION=2'])

    # -sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2 => only 2 allowed
    self.btest('test_webgl_context_major_version.c', expected='abort:Expected Error: WebGL 1 requested but only WebGL 2 is supported (MIN_WEBGL_VERSION is 2)', cflags=['-lGL', '-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION=1'])

  @requires_webgl2
  def test_webgl_context_major_version_webgl2(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_major_version.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-sMIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION=2'])

    # -sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2 => 1 and 2 are ok
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_major_version.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION=1'])
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_context_major_version.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION=2'])

  @requires_webgl2
  def test_webgl2_invalid_teximage2d_type(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_invalid_teximage2d_type.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_with_closure(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_with_closure.c', cflags=['-O2', '-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '--closure=1', '-lGL'])

  # Tests that -sGL_ASSERTIONS and glVertexAttribPointer with packed types works
  @requires_webgl2
  def test_webgl2_packed_types(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_draw_packed_triangle.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-sGL_ASSERTIONS'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_4gb('compressedTexSubImage2D fails: https://crbug.com/324562920')
  def test_webgl2_pbo(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_pbo.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'])

  @no_firefox('fails on CI likely due to GPU drivers there')
  @no_safari('TODO: Fails with report_result?5') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl2_sokol_mipmap(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/sokol/mipmap-emsc.c', 'third_party/sokol/mipmap-emsc.png',
                 cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL', '-O1'], reference_slack=2)

  @no_firefox('fails on CI likely due to GPU drivers there')
  @no_4gb('fails to render')
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl2_sokol_mrt(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/sokol/mrt-emcc.c', 'third_party/sokol/mrt-emcc.png',
                 cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'])

  @requires_webgl2
  @no_4gb('fails to render')
  def test_webgl2_sokol_arraytex(self):
    self.reftest('third_party/sokol/arraytex-emsc.c', 'third_party/sokol/arraytex-emsc.png',
                 cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '-g1', '--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_sdl_touch(self, opts):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_touch.c', cflags=opts + ['-DAUTOMATE_SUCCESS=1', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '-g1', '--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_html5_mouse(self, opts):
    self.btest_exit('test_html5_mouse.c', cflags=opts + ['-DAUTOMATE_SUCCESS=1'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '-g1', '--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_sdl_mousewheel(self, opts):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_mousewheel.c', cflags=opts + ['-DAUTOMATE_SUCCESS=1', '-lSDL', '-lGL'])

  @also_with_wasm2js
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'es6': (['-sEXPORT_ES6'],),
  })
  def test_locate_file(self, args):
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    create_file('src.c', r'''
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <string.h>
      #include <assert.h>
      int main() {
        FILE *f = fopen("data.txt", "r");
        assert(f && "could not open file");
        char buf[100];
        int num = fread(buf, 1, 20, f);
        assert(num == 20 && "could not read 20 bytes");
        buf[20] = 0;
        fclose(f);
        printf("|%s|\n", buf);
        assert(strcmp("load me right before", buf) == 0);
        return 0;
      }
    ''')
    create_file('data.txt', 'load me right before...')
    create_file('pre.js', 'Module.locateFile = (x) => "sub/" + x;')
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'test.data', '--preload', 'data.txt'], stdout=open('data.js', 'w'))
    # put pre.js first, then the file packager data, so locateFile is there for the file loading code
    self.compile_btest('src.c', ['-O2', '-g', '--pre-js', 'pre.js', '--pre-js', 'data.js', '-o', 'page.html', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'] + args, reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    ensure_dir('sub')
    if self.is_wasm():
      shutil.move('page.wasm', Path('sub/page.wasm'))
    shutil.move('test.data', Path('sub/test.data'))
    self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

    # alternatively, put locateFile in the HTML
    print('in html')

    create_file('shell.html', '''
      <body>
        <script>
          var Module = {
            locateFile: (x) => "sub/" + x,
          };
        </script>

        {{{ SCRIPT }}}
      </body>
    ''')

    def in_html(expected):
      self.compile_btest('src.c', ['-O2', '-g', '--shell-file', 'shell.html', '--pre-js', 'data.js', '-o', 'page.html', '-sSAFE_HEAP', '-sASSERTIONS', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'] + args, reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
      if self.is_wasm():
        shutil.move('page.wasm', Path('sub/page.wasm'))
      self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:' + expected)

    in_html('0')

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glfw3_default_hints(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_glfw3_default_hints.c', cflags=['-sUSE_GLFW=3', '-lglfw', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-DCLIENT_API=GLFW_OPENGL_ES_API', '-sGL_ENABLE_GET_PROC_ADDRESS'],),
    'no_gl': (['-DCLIENT_API=GLFW_NO_API'],),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'legacy': (['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION'],),
    'closure': (['-Os', '--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_glfw3(self, args, opts):
    self.btest_exit('test_glfw3.c', cflags=['-sUSE_GLFW=3', '-lglfw', '-lGL'] + args + opts)

  @parameterized({
    '': (['-sUSE_GLFW=2', '-DUSE_GLFW=2'],),
    'glfw3': (['-sUSE_GLFW=3', '-DUSE_GLFW=3'],),
  })
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glfw_events(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_glfw_events.c', cflags=args + ['-lglfw', '-lGL', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js')])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glfw3_hi_dpi_aware(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_glfw3_hi_dpi_aware.c', cflags=['-sUSE_GLFW=3', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_glfw3_css_scaling(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_glfw3_css_scaling.c', cflags=['-sUSE_GLFW=3'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_sdl2_image(self):
    # load an image file, get pixel data. Also O2 coverage for --preload-file
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), '.')

    for dest, dirname, basename in [('screenshot.jpg', '/', 'screenshot.jpg'),
                                    ('screenshot.jpg@/assets/screenshot.jpg', '/assets', 'screenshot.jpg')]:
      self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_image.c', 600, cflags=[
        '-O2',
        '--preload-file', dest,
        '-DSCREENSHOT_DIRNAME="' + dirname + '"',
        '-DSCREENSHOT_BASENAME="' + basename + '"',
        '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2', '--use-preload-plugins',
      ])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_image_jpeg(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.jpeg')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_image.c', 600, cflags=[
      '--preload-file', 'screenshot.jpeg',
      '-DSCREENSHOT_DIRNAME="/"', '-DSCREENSHOT_BASENAME="screenshot.jpeg"',
      '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2', '--use-preload-plugins',
    ])

  @also_with_wasmfs
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @with_all_sjlj
  @requires_safari_version(170601, 'TODO: Test enables Wasm exceptions') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), passes in Safari 18.5 (20621.2.5.11.8) and Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_sdl2_image_formats(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_image.c', 512, cflags=[
      '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png',
      '-DSCREENSHOT_DIRNAME="/"', '-DSCREENSHOT_BASENAME="screenshot.png"', '-DNO_PRELOADED',
      '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2', '-sSDL2_IMAGE_FORMATS=png',
    ])
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_image.c', 600, cflags=[
      '--preload-file', 'screenshot.jpg',
      '-DSCREENSHOT_DIRNAME="/"', '-DSCREENSHOT_BASENAME="screenshot.jpg"', '-DBITSPERPIXEL=24', '-DNO_PRELOADED',
      '--use-port=sdl2', '--use-port=sdl2_image:formats=jpg',
    ])

  def test_sdl2_key(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_key.c', 37182145, cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js')])

  def test_sdl2_text(self):
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      Module.postRun = () => {
        function doOne() {
          Module._one();
          setTimeout(doOne, 1000/60);
        }
        setTimeout(doOne, 1000/60);
      }
    ''')

    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_text.c', cflags=['--pre-js', 'pre.js', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_mouse(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_mouse.c', cflags=['-O2', '--minify=0', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_mouse_offsets(self):
    create_file('page.html', '''
      <html>
        <head>
          <style type="text/css">
            html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
            #container {
              position: absolute;
              left: 5px; right: 0;
              top: 5px; bottom: 0;
            }
            #canvas {
              position: absolute;
              left: 0; width: 600px;
              top: 0; height: 450px;
            }
            textarea {
              margin-top: 500px;
              margin-left: 5px;
              width: 600px;
            }
          </style>
        </head>
        <body>
          <div id="container">
            <canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
          </div>
          <textarea id="output" rows="8"></textarea>
          <script type="text/javascript">
            var Module = {
              canvas: document.getElementById('canvas'),
              print: (function() {
                var element = document.getElementById('output');
                element.value = ''; // clear browser cache
                return function(text) {
                  if (arguments.length > 1) text = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).join(' ');
                  element.value += text + "\\n";
                  element.scrollTop = element.scrollHeight; // focus on bottom
                };
              })()
            };
          </script>
          <script type="text/javascript" src="sdl2_mouse.js"></script>
        </body>
      </html>
    ''')

    self.compile_btest('browser/test_sdl2_mouse.c', ['-DTEST_SDL_MOUSE_OFFSETS', '-O2', '--minify=0', '-o', 'sdl2_mouse.js', '--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'])
    self.run_browser('page.html', '', '/report_result?exit:0')

  def test_sdl2_threads(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_threads.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_glshader(self):
    self.cflags += ['--closure=1', '-g1']
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_glshader.c', 'test_sdl_glshader.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_canvas_blank(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_canvas_blank.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_blank.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_canvas_palette(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_canvas_palette.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_palette.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_canvas_twice(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_canvas_twice.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_twice.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_gfx(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_gfx.c', 'test_sdl2_gfx.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_GFX=2'], reference_slack=2)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_canvas_palette_2(self):
    create_file('args-r.js', '''
      Module['arguments'] = ['-r'];
    ''')

    create_file('args-g.js', '''
      Module['arguments'] = ['-g'];
    ''')

    create_file('args-b.js', '''
      Module['arguments'] = ['-b'];
    ''')

    self.reftest('test_sdl2_canvas_palette_2.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_palette_r.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '--pre-js', 'args-r.js'])
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_canvas_palette_2.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_palette_g.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '--pre-js', 'args-g.js'])
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_canvas_palette_2.c', 'test_sdl_canvas_palette_b.png', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '--pre-js', 'args-b.js'])

  def test_sdl2_swsurface(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_swsurface.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_image_prepare(self):
    # load an image file, get pixel data.
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_image_prepare.c', 'screenshot.jpg', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_image_prepare_data(self):
    # load an image file, get pixel data.
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.jpg'), 'screenshot.not')
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_image_prepare_data.c', 'screenshot.jpg', cflags=['--preload-file', 'screenshot.not', '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2'])

  def test_sdl2_pumpevents(self):
    # key events should be detected using SDL_PumpEvents
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_pumpevents.c', cflags=['--pre-js', test_file('browser/fake_events.js'), '-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @also_with_proxy_to_pthread
  def test_sdl_timer(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_timer.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL'])

  @also_with_proxy_to_pthread
  def test_sdl2_timer(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_timer.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-DUSE_SDL2'])

  def test_sdl2_canvas_size(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_canvas_size.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_gl_read(self):
    # SDL, OpenGL, readPixels
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_gl_read.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_glmatrixmode_texture(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_glmatrixmode_texture.c', 'test_sdl2_glmatrixmode_texture.png',
                 cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_gldrawelements(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_gldrawelements.c', 'test_sdl2_gldrawelements.png',
                 cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_glclipplane_gllighting(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_glclipplane_gllighting.c', 'test_sdl2_glclipplane_gllighting.png',
                 cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_glalphatest(self):
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_glalphatest.c', 'test_sdl2_glalphatest.png',
                 cflags=['-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_fog_simple(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_fog_simple.c', 'screenshot-fog-simple.png',
                 cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2', '-O2', '--minify=0', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_fog_negative(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_fog_negative.c', 'screenshot-fog-negative.png',
                 cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_fog_density(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_fog_density.c', 'screenshot-fog-density.png',
                 cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_fog_exp2(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_fog_exp2.c', 'screenshot-fog-exp2.png',
                 cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_fog_linear(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('screenshot.png'), '.')
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_fog_linear.c', 'screenshot-fog-linear.png', reference_slack=1,
                 cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_IMAGE=2', '--preload-file', 'screenshot.png', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '--use-preload-plugins'])

  def test_sdl2_unwasteful(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_unwasteful.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-O1'])

  def test_sdl2_canvas_write(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_canvas_write.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_ttf(self):
    shutil.copy2(test_file('freetype/LiberationSansBold.ttf'), self.get_dir())
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_ttf.c', 'test_sdl2_ttf.png',
                 cflags=['-O2', '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_TTF=2', '--embed-file', 'LiberationSansBold.ttf'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_sdl2_ttf_rtl(self):
    shutil.copy2(test_file('third_party/notofont/NotoNaskhArabic-Regular.ttf'), self.get_dir())
    self.reftest('test_sdl2_ttf_rtl.c', 'test_sdl2_ttf_rtl.png',
                 cflags=['-O2', '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_TTF=2', '--embed-file', 'NotoNaskhArabic-Regular.ttf'])

  def test_sdl2_custom_cursor(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('cursor.bmp'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_custom_cursor.c', cflags=['--preload-file', 'cursor.bmp', '-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  def test_sdl2_misc(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_misc.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2'])

  def test_sdl2_misc_main_module(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_misc.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sMAIN_MODULE'])

  def test_sdl2_misc_via_object(self):
    self.emcc('browser/test_sdl2_misc.c', ['-c', '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-o', 'test.o'])
    self.compile_btest('test.o', ['-sEXIT_RUNTIME', '-sUSE_SDL=2', '-o', 'test.html'])
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  @parameterized({
    '': (['-sUSE_SDL=2', '-sUSE_SDL_MIXER=2'],),
    'dash_l': (['-lSDL2', '-lSDL2_mixer'],),
  })
  @requires_sound_hardware
  def test_sdl2_mixer_wav(self, flags):
    shutil.copy(test_file('sounds/the_entertainer.wav'), 'sound.wav')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_mixer_wav.c', cflags=['--preload-file', 'sound.wav'] + flags)

  @parameterized({
    'wav': ([],         '0',            'the_entertainer.wav'),
    'ogg': (['ogg'],    'MIX_INIT_OGG', 'alarmvictory_1.ogg'),
    'mp3': (['mp3'],    'MIX_INIT_MP3', 'pudinha.mp3'),
    'mod': (['mod'],    'MIX_INIT_MOD', 'bleep.xm'),
    # TODO: need to source freepats.cfg and a midi file
    # 'mod': (['mid'],    'MIX_INIT_MID', 'midi.mid'),
  })
  @requires_sound_hardware
  def test_sdl2_mixer_music(self, formats, flags, music_name):
    shutil.copy(test_file('sounds', music_name), '.')
    args = [
      '--preload-file', music_name,
      '-DSOUND_PATH="%s"' % music_name,
      '-DFLAGS=' + flags,
      '-sUSE_SDL=2',
      '-sUSE_SDL_MIXER=2',
      '-sSDL2_MIXER_FORMATS=' + ','.join(formats),
    ]
    # libmodplug is written in C++ so we need to link in C++
    # libraries when using it.
    if 'mod' in formats:
      args += ['-lc++', '-lc++abi']
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl2_mixer_music.c', cflags=args)

  def test_sdl3_misc(self):
    self.cflags.append('-Wno-experimental')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl3_misc.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=3'])

  def test_sdl3_canvas_write(self):
    self.cflags.append('-Wno-experimental')
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl3_canvas_write.c', cflags=['-sUSE_SDL=3'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_wasm64('cocos2d ports does not compile with wasm64')
  def test_cocos2d_hello(self):
    # cocos2d build contains a bunch of warnings about tiff symbols being missing at link time:
    # e.g. warning: undefined symbol: TIFFClientOpen
    cocos2d_root = os.path.join(ports.Ports.get_dir(), 'cocos2d', 'Cocos2d-version_3_3')
    preload_file = os.path.join(cocos2d_root, 'samples', 'Cpp', 'HelloCpp', 'Resources') + '@'
    self.reftest('cocos2d_hello.cpp', 'cocos2d_hello.png', reference_slack=1,
                 cflags=['-sUSE_COCOS2D=3', '-sERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=0',
                            # This line should really just be `-std=c++14` like we use to compile
                            # the cocos library itself, but that doesn't work in this case because
                            # btest adds browser_reporting.c to the command.
                            '-D_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_UNARY_BINARY_FUNCTION',
                            '-Wno-js-compiler',
                            '-Wno-experimental',
                            '--preload-file', preload_file, '--use-preload-plugins',
                            '-Wno-inconsistent-missing-override',
                            '-Wno-deprecated-declarations'])

  @parameterized({
    'O0': ('-O0',),
    'O1': ('-O1',),
    'O2': ('-O2',),
    'O3': ('-O3',),
  })
  @parameterized({
    'asyncify': (['-sASYNCIFY'],),
    'asyncify_minimal_runtime': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME', '-sASYNCIFY'],),
    'jspi': (['-sJSPI', '-Wno-experimental'],),
    'jspi_wasm_bigint': (['-sJSPI', '-sWASM_BIGINT', '-Wno-experimental'],),
    'jspi_wasm_bigint_minimal_runtime': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME', '-sJSPI', '-sWASM_BIGINT', '-Wno-experimental'],),
  })
  def test_async(self, opt, args):
    if is_jspi(args) and not is_chrome():
      self.skipTest(f'Current browser ({get_browser()}) does not support JSPI. Only chromium-based browsers ({CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS}) support JSPI today.')

    self.btest_exit('test_async.c', cflags=[opt, '-g2'] + args)

  def test_asyncify_tricky_function_sig(self):
    self.btest('test_asyncify_tricky_function_sig.cpp', '85', cflags=['-sASYNCIFY_ONLY=[foo(char.const*?.int#),foo2(),main,__original_main]', '-sASYNCIFY'])

  def test_async_in_pthread(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_async.c', cflags=['-sASYNCIFY', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-g'])

  def test_async_2(self):
    # Error.stackTraceLimit default to 10 in chrome but this test relies on more
    # than 40 stack frames being reported.
    create_file('pre.js', 'Error.stackTraceLimit = 80;\n')
    self.btest_exit('test_async_2.c', cflags=['-O3', '--pre-js', 'pre.js', '-sASYNCIFY', '-sSTACK_SIZE=1MB'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
  })
  def test_async_virtual(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('async_virtual.cpp', cflags=args + ['-profiling', '-sASYNCIFY'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
  })
  def test_async_virtual_2(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('async_virtual_2.cpp', cflags=args + ['-sASSERTIONS', '-sSAFE_HEAP', '-profiling', '-sASYNCIFY'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
  })
  def test_async_mainloop(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_async_mainloop.c', cflags=args + ['-sASYNCIFY'])

  @requires_sound_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'safeheap': (['-sSAFE_HEAP'],),
  })
  def test_sdl_audio_beep_sleep(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_sdl_audio_beep_sleep.cpp', cflags=['-Os', '-sASSERTIONS', '-sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0', '-profiling', '-lSDL', '-sASYNCIFY'] + args, timeout=90)

  def test_mainloop_reschedule(self):
    self.btest('test_mainloop_reschedule.c', '1', cflags=['-Os', '-sASYNCIFY'])

  def test_mainloop_infloop(self):
    self.btest('test_mainloop_infloop.c', '1', cflags=['-sASYNCIFY'])

  def test_async_iostream(self):
    self.btest('async_iostream.cpp', '1', cflags=['-sASYNCIFY'])

  # Test an async return value. The value goes through a custom JS library
  # method that uses asyncify, and therefore it needs to be declared in
  # ASYNCIFY_IMPORTS.
  # To make the test more precise we also use ASYNCIFY_IGNORE_INDIRECT here.
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-sASYNCIFY_IMPORTS=sync_tunnel,sync_tunnel_bool'],), # noqa
    'pattern_imports': (['-sASYNCIFY_IMPORTS=[sync_tun*]'],), # noqa
    'response': (['-sASYNCIFY_IMPORTS=@filey.txt'],), # noqa
    'nothing': (['-DBAD'],), # noqa
    'empty_list': (['-DBAD', '-sASYNCIFY_IMPORTS=[]'],), # noqa
    'em_js_bad': (['-DBAD', '-DUSE_EM_JS'],), # noqa
  })
  def test_async_returnvalue(self, args):
    if '@' in str(args):
      create_file('filey.txt', 'sync_tunnel\nsync_tunnel_bool\n')
    self.btest('test_async_returnvalue.c', '0', cflags=['-sASSERTIONS', '-sASYNCIFY', '-sASYNCIFY_IGNORE_INDIRECT', '--js-library', test_file('test_async_returnvalue.js')] + args)

  @no_safari('TODO: Never reports a result, so times out') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_async_bad_list(self):
    self.btest('test_async_bad_list.c', '0', cflags=['-sASYNCIFY', '-sASYNCIFY_ONLY=waka', '--profiling'])

  # Tests that when building with -sMINIMAL_RUNTIME, the build can use -sMODULARIZE as well.
  def test_minimal_runtime_modularize(self):
    self.btest_exit('browser_test_hello_world.c', cflags=['-sMODULARIZE', '-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME'])

  # Tests that when building with -sMINIMAL_RUNTIME, the build can use -sEXPORT_NAME=Foo as well.
  def test_minimal_runtime_export_name(self):
    self.btest_exit('browser_test_hello_world.c', cflags=['-sEXPORT_NAME=Foo', '-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME'])

  @parameterized({
    # defaults
    '': ([], '''
       let promise = Module();
       if (!promise instanceof Promise) throw new Error('Return value should be a promise');
    '''),
    # use EXPORT_NAME
    'export_name': (['-sEXPORT_NAME="HelloWorld"'], '''
       if (typeof Module !== "undefined") throw "what?!"; // do not pollute the global scope, we are modularized!
       HelloWorld.noInitialRun = true; // erroneous module capture will load this and cause timeout
       let promise = HelloWorld();
       if (!promise instanceof Promise) throw new Error('Return value should be a promise');
    '''),
    # pass in a Module option (which prevents main(), which we then invoke ourselves)
    'no_main': (['-sEXPORT_NAME="HelloWorld"'], '''
       HelloWorld({ noInitialRun: true }).then(hello => {
         hello._main();
       });
    '''),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O1': (['-O1'],),
    'O2': (['-O2'],),
    'profiling': (['-O2', '-profiling'],),
    'closure': (['-O2', '--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_modularize(self, args, code, opts):
    # this test is synchronous, so avoid async startup due to wasm features
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['-sMODULARIZE', '-sSINGLE_FILE'] + args + opts)
    create_file('a.html', '''
      <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"></head><body>
      <script src="a.out.js"></script>
      <script>
        %s
      </script>
      </body></html>
    ''' % code)
    self.run_browser('a.html', '/report_result?0')

  @no_firefox('source phase imports not implemented yet in firefox')
  @no_safari('TODO: croaks on line "import source wasmModule from \'./out.wasm\';"') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_source_phase_imports(self):
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['-sEXPORT_ES6', '-sSOURCE_PHASE_IMPORTS', '-Wno-experimental', '-o', 'out.mjs'])
    create_file('a.html', '''
      <script type="module">
        import Module from "./out.mjs"
        const mod = await Module();
      </script>
    ''')
    self.run_browser('a.html', '/report_result?0')

  def test_modularize_network_error(self):
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=createModule'], reporting=Reporting.NONE)
    self.add_browser_reporting()
    create_file('a.html', '''
      <script src="browser_reporting.js"></script>
      <script src="a.out.js"></script>
      <script>
        createModule()
          .then(() => {
            reportResultToServer("Module creation succeeded when it should have failed");
          })
          .catch(err => {
            reportResultToServer(err.message);
          });
      </script>
    ''')
    print('Deleting a.out.wasm to cause a download error')
    os.remove('a.out.wasm')
    self.run_browser('a.html', '/report_result?Aborted(both async and sync fetching of the wasm failed)')

  def test_modularize_init_error(self):
    self.compile_btest('browser/test_modularize_init_error.cpp', ['-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=createModule'], reporting=Reporting.NONE)
    self.add_browser_reporting()
    create_file('a.html', '''
      <script src="browser_reporting.js"></script>
      <script src="a.out.js"></script>
      <script>
        createModule()
          .then(() => {
            reportResultToServer("Module creation succeeded when it should have failed");
          })
          .catch(err => {
            reportResultToServer(err);
          });
      </script>
    ''')
    self.run_browser('a.html', '/report_result?intentional error to test rejection')

  # test illustrating the regression on the modularize feature since commit c5af8f6
  # when compiling with the --preload-file option
  @requires_wasm2js
  @also_with_wasmfs
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O1': (['-O1'],),
    'O2_profiling': (['-O2', '--profiling'],),
    'O2_closure': (['-O2', '--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_modularize_and_preload_files(self, args):
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    # TODO(sbc): Fix closure warnings with MODULARIZE + WASM=0
    self.ldflags.append('-Wno-error=closure')
    # amount of memory different from the default one that will be allocated for the emscripten heap
    totalMemory = 33554432

    # the main function simply checks that the amount of allocated heap memory is correct
    create_file('test.c', r'''
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <emscripten.h>
      int main() {
        EM_ASM({
          // use eval here in order for the test with closure compiler enabled to succeed
          var totalMemory = Module['INITIAL_MEMORY'];
          assert(totalMemory === %d, 'bad memory size');
        });
        return 0;
      }
    ''' % totalMemory)
    # generate a dummy file
    create_file('dummy_file', 'dummy')
    # compile the code with the modularize feature and the preload-file option enabled
    # no wasm, since this tests customizing total memory at runtime
    self.compile_btest('test.c', ['-sWASM=0', '-sIMPORTED_MEMORY', '-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=Foo', '--preload-file', 'dummy_file'] + args, reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    create_file('a.html', '''
      <script src="a.out.js"></script>
      <script>
        // instantiate the Foo module with custom INITIAL_MEMORY value
        var foo = Foo({ INITIAL_MEMORY: %d });
      </script>
    ''' % totalMemory)
    self.run_browser('a.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O1': (['-O1'],),
    'O2': (['-O2'],),
  })
  def test_webidl(self, args):
    # see original in test_core.py
    self.run_process([WEBIDL_BINDER, test_file('webidl/test.idl'), 'glue'])
    self.assertExists('glue.cpp')
    self.assertExists('glue.js')
    self.btest('webidl/test.cpp', '1', cflags=['--post-js', 'glue.js', '-I.', '-DBROWSER'] + args)

  @no_wasm64('https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/98778')
  def test_dylink(self):
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <assert.h>
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <stdlib.h>
      #include <string.h>
      char *side(const char *data);
      int main() {
        char *ret = side("hello through side\n");
        puts(ret);
        assert(strcmp(ret, "hello through side\n") == 0);
        return 0;
      }
    ''')
    create_file('side.c', r'''
      #include <string.h>
      char *side(const char *data) {
        return strdup(data);
      }
    ''')
    self.emcc('side.c', ['-sSIDE_MODULE', '-O2', '-o', 'side.wasm'])
    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['-sMAIN_MODULE=2', '-O2', 'side.wasm'])

  def test_dlopen_async(self):
    create_file('side.c', 'int foo = 42;\n')
    self.emcc('side.c', ['-o', 'libside.so', '-sSIDE_MODULE'])
    self.btest_exit('other/test_dlopen_async.c', cflags=['-sMAIN_MODULE=2'])

  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_dlopen_blocking(self):
    self.emcc('other/test_dlopen_blocking_side.c', ['-o', 'libside.so', '-sSIDE_MODULE', '-pthread', '-Wno-experimental'])
    # Attempt to use dlopen the side module (without preloading) should fail on the main thread
    # since the synchronous `readBinary` function does not exist.
    self.btest_exit('other/test_dlopen_blocking.c', assert_returncode=1, cflags=['-sMAIN_MODULE=2', '-sAUTOLOAD_DYLIBS=0', 'libside.so'])
    # But with PROXY_TO_PTHEAD it does work, since we can do blocking and sync XHR in a worker.
    self.btest_exit('other/test_dlopen_blocking.c', cflags=['-sMAIN_MODULE=2', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-pthread', '-Wno-experimental', '-sAUTOLOAD_DYLIBS=0', 'libside.so'])

  # verify that dynamic linking works in all kinds of in-browser environments.
  # don't mix different kinds in a single test.
  @parameterized({
    '': (False,),
    'inworker': (True,),
  })
  def test_dylink_dso_needed(self, inworker):
    if not inworker:
      self.skipTest('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/25814')

    def do_run(src, expected_output, cflags):
      # XXX there is no infrastructure (yet ?) to retrieve stdout from browser in tests.
      # -> do the assert about expected output inside browser.
      #
      # we have to put the hook into post.js because in main it is too late
      # (in main we won't be able to catch what static constructors inside
      # linked dynlibs printed), and in pre.js it is too early (out is not yet
      # setup by the shell).
      create_file('post.js', r'''
          Module.realPrint = out;
          out = (x) => {
            if (!Module.printed) Module.printed = "";
            Module.printed += x + '\n'; // out is passed str without last \n
            Module.realPrint(x);
          };
        ''')
      create_file('test_dylink_dso_needed.c', src + r'''
        #include <emscripten/em_asm.h>

        int main() {
          int rtn = test_main();
          EM_ASM({
            var expected = %r;
            assert(Module.printed === expected, ['stdout expected:', expected]);
          });
          return rtn;
        }
      ''' % expected_output)
      self.btest_exit('test_dylink_dso_needed.c', cflags=['--post-js', 'post.js'] + cflags, run_in_worker=inworker)

    self._test_dylink_dso_needed(do_run)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_wasm64('https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/98778')
  def test_dylink_glemu(self):
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <string.h>
      #include <assert.h>
      const char *side();
      int main() {
        const char *exts = side();
        puts(side());
        assert(strstr(exts, "GL_EXT_texture_env_combine"));
        return 0;
      }
    ''')
    create_file('side.c', r'''
      #include "SDL/SDL.h"
      #include "SDL/SDL_opengl.h"
      const char *side() {
        SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
        SDL_SetVideoMode(600, 600, 16, SDL_OPENGL);
        return (const char *)glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS);
      }
    ''')
    self.emcc('side.c', ['-sSIDE_MODULE', '-O2', '-o', 'side.wasm', '-lSDL'])

    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['-sMAIN_MODULE=2', '-O2', '-sLEGACY_GL_EMULATION', '-lSDL', '-lGL', 'side.wasm'])

  def test_dylink_many(self):
    # test asynchronously loading two side modules during startup
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      #include <assert.h>
      int side1();
      int side2();
      int main() {
        assert(side1() == 1);
        assert(side2() == 2);
        return 0;
      }
    ''')
    create_file('side1.c', r'''
      int side1() { return 1; }
    ''')
    create_file('side2.c', r'''
      int side2() { return 2; }
    ''')
    self.emcc('side1.c', ['-sSIDE_MODULE', '-o', 'side1.wasm'])
    self.emcc('side2.c', ['-sSIDE_MODULE', '-o', 'side2.wasm'])
    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['-sMAIN_MODULE=2', 'side1.wasm', 'side2.wasm'])

  def test_dylink_pthread_many(self):
    # Test asynchronously loading two side modules during startup
    # They should always load in the same order
    # Verify that function pointers in the browser's main thread
    # refer to the same function as in a pthread worker.

    # The main thread function table is populated asynchronously
    # in the browser's main thread. However, it should still be
    # populated in the same order as in a pthread worker to
    # guarantee function pointer interop.
    create_file('main.cpp', r'''
      #include <cassert>
      #include <thread>
      #include <emscripten/emscripten.h>
      int side1();
      int side2();
      int main() {
        auto side1_ptr = &side1;
        auto side2_ptr = &side2;
        // Don't join the thread since this is running in the
        // browser's main thread.
        std::thread([=]{
          assert(side1_ptr == &side1);
          assert(side2_ptr == &side2);
          emscripten_force_exit(0);
        }).detach();
        emscripten_exit_with_live_runtime();
      }
    ''')

    # The browser will try to load side1 first.
    # Use a big payload in side1 so that it takes longer to load than side2
    create_file('side1.cpp', r'''
      char const * payload1 = "''' + str(list(range(1, int(1e5)))) + r'''";
      int side1() { return 1; }
    ''')
    create_file('side2.cpp', r'''
      char const * payload2 = "0";
      int side2() { return 2; }
    ''')
    self.emcc('side1.cpp', ['-Wno-experimental', '-pthread', '-sSIDE_MODULE', '-o', 'side1.wasm'])
    self.emcc('side2.cpp', ['-Wno-experimental', '-pthread', '-sSIDE_MODULE', '-o', 'side2.wasm'])
    self.btest_exit('main.cpp',
                    cflags=['-Wno-experimental', '-pthread', '-sMAIN_MODULE=2', 'side1.wasm', 'side2.wasm'])

  @no_2gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  @no_4gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  def test_memory_growth_during_startup(self):
    create_file('data.dat', 'X' * (30 * 1024 * 1024))
    self.btest_exit('browser_test_hello_world.c', cflags=['-sASSERTIONS', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH', '-sINITIAL_MEMORY=16MB', '-sSTACK_SIZE=16384', '--preload-file', 'data.dat'])

  # pthreads tests

  def prep_no_SAB(self):
    create_file('html.html', read_file(path_from_root('src/shell_minimal.html')).replace('''<body>''', '''<body>
      <script>
        SharedArrayBuffer = undefined;
        Atomics = undefined;
      </script>
    '''))

  def test_pthread_c11_threads(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_c11_threads.c', cflags=['-gsource-map', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  def test_pthread_pool_size_strict(self):
    # Check that it doesn't fail with sufficient number of threads in the pool.
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_c11_threads.c', cflags=['-g2', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=4', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE_STRICT=2'])
    # Check that it fails instead of deadlocking on insufficient number of threads in the pool.
    self.btest('pthread/test_pthread_c11_threads.c',
               expected='abort:Assertion failed: thrd_create(&t4, thread_main, NULL) == thrd_success',
               cflags=['-g2', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=3', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE_STRICT=2'])

  def test_pthread_in_pthread_pool_size_strict(self):
    # Check that it fails when there's a pthread creating another pthread.
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_create_pthread.c', cflags=['-g2', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE_STRICT=2'])
    # Check that it fails when there's a pthread creating another pthread.
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_create_pthread.c', cflags=['-g2', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=1', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE_STRICT=2', '-DSMALL_POOL'])

  # Test that the emscripten_ atomics api functions work.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_atomics(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_atomics.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8', '-g1'] + args)

  # Test 64-bit atomics.
  def test_pthread_64bit_atomics(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_64bit_atomics.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test 64-bit C++11 atomics.
  @also_with_threads
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_64bit_cxx11_atomics(self, opt):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_64bit_cxx11_atomics.cpp', cflags=opt)

  # Test c++ std::thread::hardware_concurrency()
  def test_pthread_hardware_concurrency(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_hardware_concurrency.cpp', cflags=['-O2', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=navigator.hardwareConcurrency'])

  # Test that we error if not ALLOW_BLOCKING_ON_MAIN_THREAD
  def test_pthread_main_thread_blocking_wait(self):
    self.btest('pthread/main_thread_wait.c', expected='abort:Blocking on the main thread is not allowed by default.', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE', '-sALLOW_BLOCKING_ON_MAIN_THREAD=0'])

  # Test that we error or warn depending on ALLOW_BLOCKING_ON_MAIN_THREAD or ASSERTIONS
  def test_pthread_main_thread_blocking_join(self):
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      Module['printErr'] = (x) => {
        if (x.includes('Blocking on the main thread is very dangerous')) {
          maybeReportResultToServer('got_warn');
        }
      };
    ''')
    # Test that we warn about blocking on the main thread in debug builds
    self.btest('pthread/main_thread_join.cpp', expected='got_warn', cflags=['-sEXIT_RUNTIME', '-sASSERTIONS', '--pre-js', 'pre.js', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])
    # Test that we do not warn about blocking on the main thread in release builds
    self.btest_exit('pthread/main_thread_join.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '--pre-js', 'pre.js', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])
    # Test that tryjoin is fine, even if not ALLOW_BLOCKING_ON_MAIN_THREAD
    self.btest_exit('pthread/main_thread_join.cpp', assert_returncode=2, cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE', '-g', '-DTRY_JOIN', '-sALLOW_BLOCKING_ON_MAIN_THREAD=0'])
    # Test that tryjoin is fine, even if not ALLOW_BLOCKING_ON_MAIN_THREAD, and even without a pool
    self.btest_exit('pthread/main_thread_join.cpp', assert_returncode=2, cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-g', '-DTRY_JOIN', '-sALLOW_BLOCKING_ON_MAIN_THREAD=0'])
    # Test that everything works ok when we are on a pthread
    self.btest_exit('pthread/main_thread_join.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sALLOW_BLOCKING_ON_MAIN_THREAD=0'])

  # Test the old GCC atomic __sync_fetch_and_op builtin operations.
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-g'],),
    'O1': (['-O1', '-g'],),
    'O2': (['-O2'],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
    'Os': (['-Os'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_gcc_atomic_fetch_and_op(self, args):
    self.cflags += ['-Wno-sync-fetch-and-nand-semantics-changed']
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_gcc_atomic_fetch_and_op.c', cflags=args + ['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # 64 bit version of the above test.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_pthread_gcc_64bit_atomic_fetch_and_op(self):
    if self.is_wasm2js():
      self.skipTest('https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/issues/4358')
    self.cflags += ['-Wno-sync-fetch-and-nand-semantics-changed']
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_gcc_64bit_atomic_fetch_and_op.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test the old GCC atomic __sync_op_and_fetch builtin operations.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  @requires_safari_version(170601, 'TODO: browser.test_pthread_gcc_atomic_op_and_fetch_wasm2js fails with "abort:Assertion failed: nand_and_fetch_data == -1"') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), passes in Safari 18.5 (20621.2.5.11.8) and Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_pthread_gcc_atomic_op_and_fetch(self):
    self.cflags += ['-Wno-sync-fetch-and-nand-semantics-changed']
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_gcc_atomic_op_and_fetch.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # 64 bit version of the above test.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_pthread_gcc_64bit_atomic_op_and_fetch(self):
    if self.is_wasm2js():
      self.skipTest('https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/issues/4358')
    self.cflags += ['-Wno-sync-fetch-and-nand-semantics-changed', '--profiling-funcs']
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_gcc_64bit_atomic_op_and_fetch.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-O2', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Tests the rest of the remaining GCC atomics after the two above tests.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_pthread_gcc_atomics(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_gcc_atomics.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test the __sync_lock_test_and_set and __sync_lock_release primitives.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'em_instrinsics': (['-DUSE_EMSCRIPTEN_INTRINSICS'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_gcc_spinlock(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_gcc_spinlock.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'] + args)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
    'minimal_runtime': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME'],),
    'single_file': (['-sSINGLE_FILE'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_create(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_create.c',
                    cflags=['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'] + args)
    files = os.listdir('.')
    if '-sSINGLE_FILE' in args:
      self.assertEqual(len(files), 1, files)
    else:
      self.assertEqual(len(files), 3, files)

  # Test that preallocating worker threads work.
  def test_pthread_preallocates_workers(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_preallocates_workers.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=4', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_DELAY_LOAD'])

  # Test that allocating a lot of threads doesn't regress. This needs to be checked manually!
  @no_2gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  @no_4gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  def test_pthread_large_pthread_allocation(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_large_pthread_allocation.c', cflags=['-sINITIAL_MEMORY=128MB', '-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=50'])

  # Tests the -sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD option.
  def test_pthread_proxy_to_pthread(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_proxy_to_pthread.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  # Test that a pthread can spawn another pthread of its own.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'modularize': (['-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule', '--shell-file', test_file('shell_that_launches_modularize.html')],),
  })
  def test_pthread_create_pthread(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_create_pthread.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2'] + args)

  # Test another case of pthreads spawning pthreads, but this time the callers immediately join on the threads they created.
  def test_pthread_nested_spawns(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_nested_spawns.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2'])

  # Test that main thread can wait for a pthread to finish via pthread_join().
  def test_pthread_join(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_join.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test that threads can rejoin the pool once detached and finished
  def test_std_thread_detach(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_std_thread_detach.cpp', cflags=['-pthread'])

  # Test pthread_cancel() operation
  def test_pthread_cancel(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_cancel.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test that pthread_cancel() cancels pthread_cond_wait() operation
  def test_pthread_cancel_cond_wait(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_cancel_cond_wait.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test pthread_kill() operation
  @no_chrome('pthread_kill hangs chrome renderer, and keep subsequent tests from passing')
  def test_pthread_kill(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_kill.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test that pthread cleanup stack (pthread_cleanup_push/_pop) works.
  def test_pthread_cleanup(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_cleanup.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Tests the pthread mutex api.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'spinlock': (['-DSPINLOCK_TEST'],),
  })
  @requires_safari_version(170601, 'TODO: browser.test_pthread_mutex and browser.test_pthread_mutex_spinlock both hang Safari') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), passes in Safari 18.5 (20621.2.5.11.8) and Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_pthread_mutex(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_mutex.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'] + args)

  def test_pthread_attr_getstack(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_attr_getstack.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2'])

  # Test that memory allocation is thread-safe.
  def test_pthread_malloc(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_malloc.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Stress test pthreads allocating memory that will call to sbrk(), and main thread has to free up the data.
  def test_pthread_malloc_free(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_malloc_free.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test that the pthread_barrier API works ok.
  def test_pthread_barrier(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_barrier.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test the pthread_once() function.
  def test_pthread_once(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_once.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test against a certain thread exit time handling bug by spawning tons of threads.
  def test_pthread_spawns(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_spawns.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8', '--closure=1', '-sENVIRONMENT=web'])

  # It is common for code to flip volatile global vars for thread control. This is a bit lax, but nevertheless, test whether that
  # kind of scheme will work with Emscripten as well.
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-DUSE_C_VOLATILE'],),
    'atomic': ([],),
  })
  def test_pthread_volatile(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_volatile.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'] + args)

  # Test thread-specific data (TLS).
  def test_pthread_thread_local_storage(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_thread_local_storage.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8', '-sASSERTIONS'])

  # Test the pthread condition variable creation and waiting.
  def test_pthread_condition_variable(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_condition_variable.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'])

  # Test that pthreads are able to do printf.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
    'debug': (['-sLIBRARY_DEBUG'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_printf(self, args):
     self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_printf.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'] + args)

  # Test that pthreads are able to do cout. Failed due to https://bugzil.la/1154858.
  def test_pthread_iostream(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_iostream.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  def test_pthread_unistd_io_bigint(self):
    self.btest_exit('unistd/io.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sWASM_BIGINT'])

  # Test that the main thread is able to use pthread_set/getspecific.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_pthread_setspecific_mainthread(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_setspecific_mainthread.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread'])

  # Test that pthreads have access to filesystem.
  def test_pthread_file_io(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_file_io.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  # Test that the pthread_create() function operates benignly in the case that threading is not supported.
  @parameterized({
   '': ([],),
   'mt': (['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_supported(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_supported.cpp', cflags=['-O3'] + args)

  def test_pthread_dispatch_after_exit(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_dispatch_after_exit.c', cflags=['-pthread'])

  # Test that if the main thread is performing a futex wait while a pthread
  # needs it to do a proxied operation (before that pthread would wake up the
  # main thread), that it's not a deadlock.
  def test_pthread_proxying_in_futex_wait(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_proxying_in_futex_wait.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  # Test that sbrk() operates properly in multithreaded conditions
  @no_2gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  @no_4gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-DABORTING_MALLOC=0', '-sABORTING_MALLOC=0'],),
    'aborting_malloc': (['-DABORTING_MALLOC=1'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_sbrk(self, args):
    # With aborting malloc = 1, test allocating memory in threads
    # With aborting malloc = 0, allocate so much memory in threads that some of the allocations fail.
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_sbrk.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8', '-sINITIAL_MEMORY=128MB'] + args)

  # Test that -sABORTING_MALLOC=0 works in both pthreads and non-pthreads
  # builds. (sbrk fails gracefully)
  @also_with_threads
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O2': (['-O2'],),
  })
  def test_gauge_available_memory(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('test_gauge_available_memory.c', cflags=['-sABORTING_MALLOC=0'] + args)

  # Test that the proxying operations of user code from pthreads to main thread
  # work
  def test_pthread_run_on_main_thread(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_run_on_main_thread.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  # Test how a lot of back-to-back called proxying operations behave.
  def test_pthread_run_on_main_thread_flood(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_run_on_main_thread_flood.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  # Test that it is possible to asynchronously call a JavaScript function on the
  # main thread.
  def test_pthread_call_async(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/call_async.c', cflags=['-pthread'])

  # Test that it is possible to synchronously call a JavaScript function on the
  # main thread and get a return value back.
  def test_pthread_call_sync_on_main_thread(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/call_sync_on_main_thread.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-DPROXY_TO_PTHREAD=1', '--js-library', test_file('pthread/call_sync_on_main_thread.js')])
    self.btest_exit('pthread/call_sync_on_main_thread.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-DPROXY_TO_PTHREAD=0', '--js-library', test_file('pthread/call_sync_on_main_thread.js')])
    self.btest_exit('pthread/call_sync_on_main_thread.c', cflags=['-Oz', '-DPROXY_TO_PTHREAD=0', '--js-library', test_file('pthread/call_sync_on_main_thread.js')])

  # Test that it is possible to asynchronously call a JavaScript function on the
  # main thread.
  def test_pthread_call_async_on_main_thread(self):
    self.btest('pthread/call_async_on_main_thread.c', expected='7', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-DPROXY_TO_PTHREAD=1', '--js-library', test_file('pthread/call_async_on_main_thread.js')])
    self.btest('pthread/call_async_on_main_thread.c', expected='7', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-DPROXY_TO_PTHREAD=0', '--js-library', test_file('pthread/call_async_on_main_thread.js')])
    self.btest('pthread/call_async_on_main_thread.c', expected='7', cflags=['-Oz', '-DPROXY_TO_PTHREAD=0', '--js-library', test_file('pthread/call_async_on_main_thread.js')])

  # Tests that spawning a new thread does not cause a reinitialization of the
  # global data section of the application memory area.
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-O3'],),
    'modularize': (['-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule', '--shell-file', test_file('shell_that_launches_modularize.html')],),
  })
  def test_pthread_global_data_initialization(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_global_data_initialization.c', cflags=args + ['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  @requires_wasm2js
  def test_pthread_global_data_initialization_in_sync_compilation_mode(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_global_data_initialization.c', cflags=['-sWASM_ASYNC_COMPILATION=0', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  # Test that emscripten_get_now() reports coherent wallclock times across all
  # pthreads, instead of each pthread independently reporting wallclock times
  # since the launch of that pthread.
  def test_pthread_clock_drift(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_clock_drift.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  def test_pthread_utf8_funcs(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_utf8_funcs.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  # Test the emscripten_futex_wake(addr, INT_MAX); functionality to wake all
  # waiters
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_pthread_wake_all(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_futex_wake_all.c', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread'])

  # Test that stack base and max correctly bound the stack on pthreads.
  def test_pthread_stack_bounds(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_stack_bounds.cpp', cflags=['-pthread'])

  # Test that real `thread_local` works.
  def test_pthread_tls(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_tls.c', cflags=['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-pthread'])

  # Test that real `thread_local` works in main thread without PROXY_TO_PTHREAD.
  def test_pthread_tls_main(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_tls_main.cpp', cflags=['-pthread'])

  def test_pthread_safe_stack(self):
    # Note that as the test runs with PROXY_TO_PTHREAD, we set STACK_SIZE,
    # and not DEFAULT_PTHREAD_STACK_SIZE, as the pthread for main() gets the
    # same stack size as the main thread normally would.
    self.btest('core/test_safe_stack.c', expected='abort:stack overflow', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sSTACK_OVERFLOW_CHECK=2', '-sSTACK_SIZE=64KB'])

  @no_wasm64('TODO: ASAN in memory64')
  @parameterized({
    'leak': ['test_pthread_lsan_leak', ['-gsource-map']],
    'no_leak': ['test_pthread_lsan_no_leak', []],
  })
  @no_firefox('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/15978')
  @no_safari('TODO: browser.test_pthread_lsan_leak fails with /report_result?0') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_pthread_lsan(self, name, args):
    self.btest(Path('pthread', name + '.cpp'), expected='1', cflags=['-fsanitize=leak', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '--pre-js', test_file('pthread', name + '.js')] + args)

  @no_wasm64('TODO: ASAN in memory64')
  @no_2gb('ASAN + GLOBAL_BASE')
  @no_4gb('ASAN + GLOBAL_BASE')
  @parameterized({
    # Reusing the LSan test files for ASan.
    'leak': ['test_pthread_lsan_leak', ['-gsource-map']],
    'no_leak': ['test_pthread_lsan_no_leak', []],
  })
  @no_safari('TODO: browser.test_pthread_asan_leak fails with /report_result?0') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_pthread_asan(self, name, args):
    self.btest(Path('pthread', name + '.cpp'), expected='1', cflags=['-fsanitize=address', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '--pre-js', test_file('pthread', name + '.js')] + args)

  @no_wasm64('TODO: ASAN in memory64')
  @no_2gb('ASAN + GLOBAL_BASE')
  @no_4gb('ASAN + GLOBAL_BASE')
  def test_pthread_asan_use_after_free(self):
    self.btest('pthread/test_pthread_asan_use_after_free.cpp', expected='1', cflags=['-fsanitize=address', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '--pre-js', test_file('pthread/test_pthread_asan_use_after_free.js')])

  @no_wasm64('TODO: ASAN in memory64')
  @no_2gb('ASAN + GLOBAL_BASE')
  @no_4gb('ASAN + GLOBAL_BASE')
  @no_firefox('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/20006')
  @no_safari('TODO: Hangs') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  @also_with_wasmfs
  def test_pthread_asan_use_after_free_2(self):
    # similar to test_pthread_asan_use_after_free, but using a pool instead
    # of proxy-to-pthread, and also the allocation happens on the pthread
    # (which tests that it can use the offset converter to get the stack
    # trace there)
    self.btest('pthread/test_pthread_asan_use_after_free_2.cpp', expected='1', cflags=['-fsanitize=address', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=1', '--pre-js', test_file('pthread/test_pthread_asan_use_after_free_2.js')])

  def test_pthread_exit_process(self):
    args = ['-pthread',
            '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD',
            '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2',
            '-sEXIT_RUNTIME',
            '-DEXIT_RUNTIME',
            '-O0']
    args += ['--pre-js', test_file('core/pthread/test_pthread_exit_runtime.pre.js')]
    self.btest('core/pthread/test_pthread_exit_runtime.c', expected='onExit status: 42', cflags=args)

  @no_safari('TODO: Fails with report_result?unexpected: [object ErrorEvent]') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_pthread_trap(self):
    create_file('pre.js', '''
    if (typeof window === 'object' && window) {
      window.addEventListener('error', function(e) {
        if (e.error && e.error.message.includes('unreachable'))
          maybeReportResultToServer("expected exception caught");
        else
          maybeReportResultToServer("unexpected: " + e);
      });
    }''')
    args = ['-pthread',
            '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD',
            '-sEXIT_RUNTIME',
            '--profiling-funcs',
            '--pre-js=pre.js']
    self.btest('pthread/test_pthread_trap.c', expected='expected exception caught', cflags=args)

  # Tests MAIN_THREAD_EM_ASM_INT() function call signatures.
  def test_main_thread_em_asm_signatures(self):
    self.btest_exit('core/test_em_asm_signatures.cpp')

  def test_main_thread_em_asm_signatures_pthreads(self):
    self.btest_exit('core/test_em_asm_signatures.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sASSERTIONS'])

  def test_main_thread_async_em_asm(self):
    self.btest_exit('core/test_main_thread_async_em_asm.cpp', cflags=['-O3', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sASSERTIONS'])

  def test_main_thread_em_asm_blocking(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('browser/test_em_asm_blocking.html'), 'page.html')

    self.compile_btest('browser/test_em_asm_blocking.cpp', ['-O2', '-o', 'wasm.js', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'])
    self.run_browser('page.html', '/report_result?exit:8')

  # Test that it is possible to send a signal via calling alarm(timeout), which in turn calls to the signal handler set by signal(SIGALRM, func);
  def test_sigalrm(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_sigalrm.c', cflags=['-O3'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([], 1),
    'O1': (['-O1'], 1),
    'O2': (['-O2'], 1),
    'O3': (['-O3'], 1),
    # force it on
    'force': (['-sWASM_ASYNC_COMPILATION'], 1),
    'off': (['-sWASM_ASYNC_COMPILATION=0'], 0),
  })
  def test_async_compile(self, opts, returncode):
    # notice when we use async compilation
    create_file('pre.js', '''
      // note if we do async compilation
      var real_wasm_instantiate = WebAssembly.instantiate;
      var real_wasm_instantiateStreaming = WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming;
      if (typeof real_wasm_instantiateStreaming === 'function') {
        WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming = (a, b) => {
          err('instantiateStreaming called');
          console.log('instantiateStreaming called');
          Module.sawAsyncCompilation = true;
          return real_wasm_instantiateStreaming(a, b);
        };
      } else {
        WebAssembly.instantiate = (a, b) => {
          err('instantiate called');
          Module.sawAsyncCompilation = true;
          return real_wasm_instantiate(a, b);
        };
      }
    ''')
    self.cflags.append('--pre-js=pre.js')
    self.btest_exit('test_async_compile.c', assert_returncode=returncode, cflags=opts)
    # Ensure that compilation still works and is async without instantiateStreaming available
    create_file('pre0.js', 'WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming = undefined;')
    self.cflags.insert(0, '--pre-js=pre0.js')
    self.btest_exit('test_async_compile.c', assert_returncode=1)

  # Test that implementing Module.instantiateWasm() callback works.
  @also_with_asan
  def test_manual_wasm_instantiate(self):
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    self.compile_btest('test_manual_wasm_instantiate.c', ['-o', 'manual_wasm_instantiate.js'], reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)
    shutil.copy(test_file('test_manual_wasm_instantiate.html'), '.')
    self.run_browser('test_manual_wasm_instantiate.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  def test_wasm_locate_file(self):
    # Test that it is possible to define "Module.locateFile(foo)" function to locate where worker.js will be loaded from.
    ensure_dir('cdn')
    shell = read_file(path_from_root('src/shell.html'))
    create_file('shell2.html', shell.replace('var Module = {', 'var Module = { locateFile: (filename) => (filename == "test.wasm") ? "cdn/test.wasm" : filename, '))
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['--shell-file', 'shell2.html', '-o', 'test.html'])
    shutil.move('test.wasm', Path('cdn/test.wasm'))
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?0')

  @also_with_threads
  def test_utf8_textdecoder(self):
    self.btest_exit('benchmark/benchmark_utf8.c', 0, cflags=['--embed-file', test_file('utf8_corpus.txt') + '@/utf8_corpus.txt'])

  @also_with_threads
  def test_utf16_textdecoder(self):
    self.btest_exit('benchmark/benchmark_utf16.cpp', 0, cflags=['--embed-file', test_file('utf16_corpus.txt') + '@/utf16_corpus.txt', '-sEXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=UTF16ToString,stringToUTF16,lengthBytesUTF16'])

  # Tests that it is possible to initialize and render WebGL content in a
  # pthread by using OffscreenCanvas.
  @no_chrome('https://crbug.com/961765')
  # The non-chained version suffers from browser priority inversion deadlock problem: offscreenCanvas.getContext("webgl2") does not make progress in a pthread until main thread yields to event loop.
  # The chained version of this test suffers from bug https://bugzil.la/1992576
  @no_firefox('https://bugzil.la/1972240 (priority inversion deadlock) + https://bugzil.la/1992576 (chained OffscreenCanvas transfer)')
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    # -DTEST_CHAINED_WEBGL_CONTEXT_PASSING:
    # Tests that it is possible to transfer WebGL canvas in a chain from main
    # thread -> thread 1 -> thread 2 and then init and render WebGL content there.
    'chained': (['-DTEST_CHAINED_WEBGL_CONTEXT_PASSING'],),
  })
  @requires_offscreen_canvas
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_offscreen_canvas_in_pthread(self, args):
    self.btest('gl_in_pthread.c', expected='1', cflags=args + ['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2', '-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT', '-lGL'])

  # Tests that it is possible to render WebGL content on a <canvas> on the main
  # thread, after it has once been used to render WebGL content in a pthread
  # first -DTEST_MAIN_THREAD_EXPLICIT_COMMIT: Test the same (WebGL on main
  # thread after pthread), but by using explicit .commit() to swap on the main
  # thread instead of implicit "swap when rAF ends" logic
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'explicit': (['-DTEST_MAIN_THREAD_EXPLICIT_COMMIT'],),
  })
  @requires_offscreen_canvas
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @disabled('This test is disabled because current OffscreenCanvas does not allow transfering it after a rendering context has been created for it.')
  def test_webgl_offscreen_canvas_in_mainthread_after_pthread(self, args):
    self.btest('gl_in_mainthread_after_pthread.c', expected='0', cflags=args + ['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2', '-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT', '-lGL'])

  @requires_offscreen_canvas
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_offscreen_canvas_only_in_pthread(self):
    self.btest_exit('gl_only_in_pthread.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE', '-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT', '-lGL', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER'])

  # Tests that rendering from client side memory without default-enabling extensions works.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_from_client_side_memory_without_default_enabled_extensions(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_draw_triangle.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-DEXPLICIT_SWAP=1', '-DDRAW_FROM_CLIENT_MEMORY=1', '-sFULL_ES2'])

  # Tests for WEBGL_multi_draw extension
  # For testing WebGL draft extensions like this, if using chrome as the browser,
  # We might want to append the --enable-webgl-draft-extensions to the EMTEST_BROWSER env arg.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @no_2gb('https://crbug.com/324562920')
  @no_4gb('https://crbug.com/324562920')
  @parameterized({
    'arrays': (['-DMULTI_DRAW_ARRAYS'],),
    'arrays_instanced': (['-DMULTI_DRAW_ARRAYS_INSTANCED'],),
    'elements': (['-DMULTI_DRAW_ELEMENTS'],),
    'elements_instanced': (['-DMULTI_DRAW_ELEMENTS_INSTANCED'],),
  })
  def test_webgl_multi_draw(self, args):
    self.reftest('webgl_multi_draw_test.c', 'webgl_multi_draw.png',
                 cflags=['-lGL', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-DEXPLICIT_SWAP'] + args)

  # Tests for base_vertex/base_instance extension
  # For testing WebGL draft extensions like this, if using chrome as the browser,
  # We might want to append the --enable-webgl-draft-extensions to the EMTEST_BROWSER env arg.
  # If testing on Mac, you also need --use-cmd-decoder=passthrough to get this extension.
  # Also there is a known bug with Mac Intel baseInstance which can fail producing the expected image result.
  @requires_webgl2
  @parameterized({
    '': (0,),
    'multidraw': (1,),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': (0,),
    'drawelements': (1,),
  })
  def test_webgl_draw_base_vertex_base_instance(self, multi_draw, draw_elements):
    self.reftest('webgl_draw_base_vertex_base_instance_test.c', 'webgl_draw_instanced_base_vertex_base_instance.png',
                 cflags=['-lGL',
                            '-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2',
                            '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER',
                            '-DMULTI_DRAW=' + str(multi_draw),
                            '-DDRAW_ELEMENTS=' + str(draw_elements),
                            '-DEXPLICIT_SWAP=1',
                            '-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_VERSION=2'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_sample_query(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_sample_query.c', cflags=['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-lGL'])

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    # EXT query entrypoints on WebGL 1.0
    '': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION'],),
    # EXT query entrypoints on a WebGL 1.0 context while built for WebGL 2.0
    'v2': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2'],),
    # builtin query entrypoints on WebGL 2.0
    'v2api': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DTEST_WEBGL2'],),
  })
  def test_webgl_timer_query(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_timer_query.c', cflags=args + ['-lGL'])

  # Tests that -sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER rendering works.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'threads': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'],),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'es2': (['-sFULL_ES2'],),
    'es3': (['-sFULL_ES3'],),
  })
  def test_webgl_offscreen_framebuffer(self, version, threads):
    # Tests all the different possible versions of libgl
    args = ['-lGL', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-DEXPLICIT_SWAP=1'] + threads + version
    self.btest_exit('webgl_draw_triangle.c', cflags=args)

  # Tests that VAOs can be used even if WebGL enableExtensionsByDefault is set to 0.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_vao_without_automatic_extensions(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_no_auto_init_extensions.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-sGL_SUPPORT_AUTOMATIC_ENABLE_EXTENSIONS=0'])

  # Tests that offscreen framebuffer state restoration works
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    # full state restoration path on WebGL 1.0
    'gl1_no_vao': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=1', '-DTEST_DISABLE_VAO'],),
    # VAO path on WebGL 1.0
    'gl1': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=1', '-DTEST_VERIFY_WEBGL1_VAO_SUPPORT=1'],),
    'gl1_max_gl2': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2'],),
    # VAO path on WebGL 2.0
    'gl2': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DTEST_WEBGL2=1', '-DTEST_ANTIALIAS=1'],),
    # full state restoration path on WebGL 2.0
    'gl2_no_vao': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DTEST_WEBGL2=1', '-DTEST_ANTIALIAS=1', '-DTEST_DISABLE_VAO'],),
    # blitFramebuffer path on WebGL 2.0 (falls back to VAO on Firefox < 67)
    'gl2_no_aa': (['-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2', '-DTEST_WEBGL2=1', '-DTEST_ANTIALIAS=0'],),
  })
  def test_webgl_offscreen_framebuffer_state_restoration(self, args):
    if '-DTEST_WEBGL2=1' in args and webgl2_disabled():
      self.skipTest('This test requires WebGL2 to be available')
    base_args = ['-lGL', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-DEXPLICIT_SWAP=1']
    self.btest_exit('webgl_offscreen_framebuffer_swap_with_bad_state.c', cflags=base_args + args)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'es2': (['-sFULL_ES2'],),
    'es3': (['-sFULL_ES3'],),
  })
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_draw_triangle_with_uniform_color(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_draw_triangle_with_uniform_color.c', cflags=args)

  # Tests that using an array of structs in GL uniforms works.
  @requires_webgl2
  def test_webgl_array_of_structs_uniform(self):
    self.reftest('webgl_array_of_structs_uniform.c', 'webgl_array_of_structs_uniform.png', cflags=['-lGL', '-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2'])

  # Tests that if a WebGL context is created in a pthread on a canvas that has
  # not been transferred to that pthread, WebGL calls are then proxied to the
  # main thread -DTEST_OFFSCREEN_CANVAS=1: Tests that if a WebGL context is
  # created on a pthread that has the canvas transferred to it via using
  # Emscripten's EMSCRIPTEN_PTHREAD_TRANSFERRED_CANVASES="#canvas", then
  # OffscreenCanvas is used -DTEST_OFFSCREEN_CANVAS=2: Tests that if a WebGL
  # context is created on a pthread that has the canvas transferred to it via
  # automatic transferring of Module.canvas when
  # EMSCRIPTEN_PTHREAD_TRANSFERRED_CANVASES is not defined, then OffscreenCanvas
  # is also used
  @parameterized({
    '': ([False],),
    'asyncify': ([True],),
  })
  @requires_offscreen_canvas
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_webgl_offscreen_canvas_in_proxied_pthread(self, asyncify):
    args = ['-pthread', '-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT', '-lGL', '-sGL_DEBUG', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD']
    if asyncify:
      # given the synchronous render loop here, asyncify is needed to see intermediate frames and
      # the gradual color change
      args += ['-sASYNCIFY', '-DASYNCIFY']
    self.btest_exit('gl_in_proxy_pthread.c', cflags=args)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'proxy': (['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'],),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'blocking': (['-DTEST_SYNC_BLOCKING_LOOP=1'],),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'offscreen': (['-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER'],),
  })
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @requires_offscreen_canvas
  def test_webgl_resize_offscreencanvas_from_main_thread(self, args1, args2, args3):
    cmd = args1 + args2 + args3 + ['-pthread', '-lGL', '-sGL_DEBUG']

    if is_firefox() and '-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT' in cmd and '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD' in cmd:
      # Firefox is unable to transfer the same OffscreenCanvas multiple times across Workers
      # (in a chained fashion, e.g. main thread -> proxy-to-pthread main thread -> back to main thread -> user pthread)
      self.skipTest('https://bugzil.la/1992576')

    print(str(cmd))
    self.btest_exit('test_webgl_resize_offscreencanvas_from_main_thread.c', cflags=cmd)

  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @parameterized({
    'v1': (1,),
    'v2': (2,),
  })
  @parameterized({
    'enable': (1,),
    'disable': (0,),
  })
  def test_webgl_simple_extensions(self, webgl_version, simple_enable_extensions):
    if webgl_version == 2 and webgl2_disabled():
      self.skipTest('This test requires WebGL2 to be available')

    cmd = ['-DWEBGL_CONTEXT_VERSION=' + str(webgl_version),
           '-DWEBGL_SIMPLE_ENABLE_EXTENSION=' + str(simple_enable_extensions),
           '-sMAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2',
           '-sGL_SUPPORT_AUTOMATIC_ENABLE_EXTENSIONS=' + str(simple_enable_extensions),
           '-sGL_SUPPORT_SIMPLE_ENABLE_EXTENSIONS=' + str(simple_enable_extensions)]
    self.btest_exit('webgl2_simple_enable_extensions.c', cflags=cmd)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['-sASSERTIONS', '--closure=1'],),
    'closure_advanced': (['-sASSERTIONS', '--closure=1', '-O3'],),
    'main_module': (['-sMAIN_MODULE=1'],),
    'pthreads': (['-pthread', '-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT'],),
  })
  @requires_webgpu
  def test_webgpu_basic_rendering(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webgpu_basic_rendering.cpp', cflags=['--use-port=emdawnwebgpu', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'] + args)

  @requires_webgpu
  def test_webgpu_required_limits(self):
    self.set_setting('DEFAULT_TO_CXX')  # emdawnwebgpu uses C++ internally
    self.btest_exit('webgpu_required_limits.c', cflags=['--use-port=emdawnwebgpu'])

  # Tests the feature that shell html page can preallocate the typed array and place it
  # to Module.buffer before loading the script page.
  # In this build mode, the -sINITIAL_MEMORY=xxx option will be ignored.
  # Preallocating the buffer in this was is asm.js only (wasm needs a Memory).
  @requires_wasm2js
  def test_preallocated_heap(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_preallocated_heap.cpp', cflags=['-sWASM=0', '-sIMPORTED_MEMORY', '-sINITIAL_MEMORY=16MB', '-sABORTING_MALLOC=0', '--shell-file', test_file('test_preallocated_heap_shell.html')])

  # Tests emscripten_fetch() usage to XHR data directly to memory without persisting results to IndexedDB.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_to_memory(self):
    # Test error reporting in the negative case when the file URL doesn't exist. (http 404)
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_to_memory.cpp',
                    cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH', '-DFILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST'])

    # Test the positive case when the file URL exists. (http 200)
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    for arg in ([], ['-sFETCH_SUPPORT_INDEXEDDB=0']):
      self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_to_memory.cpp',
                      cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH'] + arg)

  @also_with_wasm2js
  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'pthread_exit': (['-DDO_PTHREAD_EXIT'],),
  })
  @no_firefox('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/16868')
  def test_fetch_from_thread(self, args):
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_from_thread.cpp',
                    cflags=args + ['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH', '-DFILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST'])

  @also_with_wasm2js
  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_to_indexdb(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_to_indexeddb.cpp', cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH'])

  # Tests emscripten_fetch() usage to persist an XHR into IndexedDB and subsequently load up from there.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_cached_xhr(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_cached_xhr.cpp', cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH'])

  # Tests that response headers get set on emscripten_fetch_t values.
  @no_firefox('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/16868')
  @also_with_wasm2js
  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'sync': (['-DSYNC'],),
  })
  def test_fetch_response_headers(self, args):
    if self.get_setting('FETCH_STREAMING') and '-DSYNC' in args:
      self.skipTest('Fetch backend does not support sync fetch.')
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_response_headers.cpp', cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'] + args)

  def make_largefile(self):
    s = '12345678'
    for _ in range(14):
      s = s[::-1] + s # length of str will be 2^17=128KB
    with open('largefile.txt', 'w') as f:
      for _ in range(1024):
        f.write(s)

  # Test emscripten_fetch() usage to stream a fetch in to memory without storing the full file in memory
  # Streaming only works the fetch backend.
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_fetch_stream_file(self):
    # Strategy: create a large 128MB file, and compile with a small 16MB Emscripten heap, so that the tested file
    # won't fully fit in the heap. This verifies that streaming works properly.
    self.make_largefile()
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_stream_file.cpp', cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH', '-sFETCH_STREAMING'])

  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_headers_received(self):
    create_file('myfile.dat', 'hello world\n')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_headers_received.c', cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH'])

  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_xhr_abort(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_xhr_abort.cpp', cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH'])

  # Tests emscripten_fetch() usage in synchronous mode when used from the main
  # thread proxied to a Worker with -sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD option.
  @no_firefox('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/16868')
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_fetch_sync_xhr(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_sync_xhr.cpp', cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  # Tests synchronous emscripten_fetch() usage from pthread
  @no_firefox('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/16868')
  def test_fetch_sync(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_sync.c', cflags=['-sFETCH', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  # Tests that the Fetch API works for synchronous XHRs when program is run in a worker
  @no_firefox('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/16868')
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_fetch_sync_xhr_in_proxy_to_worker(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_sync_xhr.cpp', cflags=['-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH'], run_in_worker=True)

  @disabled('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/16746')
  def test_fetch_idb_store(self):
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_idb_store.cpp', cflags=['-pthread', '-sFETCH', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  @disabled('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/16746')
  def test_fetch_idb_delete(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('gears.png'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_idb_delete.cpp', cflags=['-pthread', '-sFETCH_DEBUG', '-sFETCH', '-sWASM=0', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_post(self):
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_post.c', cflags=['-sFETCH'])

  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_progress(self):
    create_file('myfile.dat', 'hello world\n' * 1000)
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_progress.c', cflags=['-sFETCH'])

  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_to_memory_async(self):
    create_file('myfile.dat', 'hello world\n' * 1000)
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_to_memory_async.c', cflags=['-sFETCH'])

  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_fetch_to_memory_sync(self):
    create_file('myfile.dat', 'hello world\n' * 1000)
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_to_memory_sync.c', cflags=['-sFETCH', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  # Streaming only works the fetch backend.
  def test_fetch_stream_async(self):
    create_file('myfile.dat', 'hello world\n' * 1000)
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_stream_async.c', cflags=['-sFETCH', '-sFETCH_STREAMING'])

  @also_with_asan
  def test_fetch_stream_abort(self):
    self.make_largefile()
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_stream_abort.cpp', cflags=['-sFETCH', '-sFETCH_STREAMING', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH'])

  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_persist(self):
    create_file('myfile.dat', 'hello world\n')
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_persist.c', cflags=['-sFETCH'])

  @no_firefox('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/16868')
  @also_with_fetch_streaming
  def test_fetch_redirect(self):
    self.btest_exit('fetch/test_fetch_redirect.c', cflags=['-sFETCH', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', f'-DSERVER="{self.SERVER_URL}"'])

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'mt': (['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_locale(self, args):
    self.cflags.append('-I' + path_from_root('system/lib/libc/musl/src/internal'))
    self.cflags.append('-I' + path_from_root('system/lib/pthread'))
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_locale.c', cflags=args)

  # Tests the Emscripten HTML5 API emscripten_set_canvas_element_size() and
  # emscripten_get_canvas_element_size() functionality in singlethreaded programs.
  def test_emscripten_set_canvas_element_size(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_set_canvas_element_size.c')

  # Test that emscripten_get_device_pixel_ratio() is callable from pthreads (and proxies to main
  # thread to obtain the proper window.devicePixelRatio value).
  @also_with_proxy_to_pthread
  def test_emscripten_get_device_pixel_ratio(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_get_device_pixel_ratio.c')

  # Tests that emscripten_run_script() variants of functions work in pthreads.
  @also_with_proxy_to_pthread
  def test_pthread_run_script(self):
    shutil.copy(test_file('pthread/foo.js'), '.')
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_run_script.c', cflags=['-O3'])

  # Tests emscripten_set_canvas_element_size() and OffscreenCanvas functionality in different build configurations.
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  @requires_offscreen_canvas
  @parameterized({
    '': ([], True),
    'offscreen': (['-sOFFSCREENCANVAS_SUPPORT'], True),
    'pthread': (['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-pthread', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER'], True),
    'pthread_ofb_main_loop': (['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-pthread', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-DTEST_EXPLICIT_CONTEXT_SWAP=1'], True),
    'pthread_ofb': (['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-pthread', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-DTEST_EXPLICIT_CONTEXT_SWAP=1'], False),
    'manual_css': (['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-pthread', '-sOFFSCREEN_FRAMEBUFFER', '-DTEST_EXPLICIT_CONTEXT_SWAP=1', '-DTEST_MANUALLY_SET_ELEMENT_CSS_SIZE=1'], False),
  })
  def test_emscripten_animate_canvas_element_size(self, args, main_loop):
    cmd = ['-lGL', '-O3', '-g2', '--shell-file', test_file('canvas_animate_resize_shell.html'), '-sGL_DEBUG', '-sASSERTIONS'] + args
    if not self.is_2gb() and not self.is_4gb():
      # Thread profiler does not yet work with large pointers.
      # https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/21229
      cmd.append('--threadprofiler')
    if main_loop:
      cmd.append('-DTEST_EMSCRIPTEN_SET_MAIN_LOOP=1')
    self.btest_exit('canvas_animate_resize.c', cflags=cmd)

  # Tests the absolute minimum pthread-enabled application.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'modularize': (['-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule', '--shell-file',
                    test_file('shell_that_launches_modularize.html')],),
  })
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
  })
  def test_pthread_hello_thread(self, opts, modularize):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/hello_thread.c', cflags=['-pthread'] + modularize + opts)

  # Tests that a pthreads build of -sMINIMAL_RUNTIME works well in different build modes
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'modularize': (['-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule'],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
    'O3_modularize': (['-O3', '-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule'],),
    'O3_modularize_MINIMAL_RUNTIME_2': (['-O3', '-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule', '-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME=2'],),
  })
  def test_minimal_runtime_hello_thread(self, opts):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/hello_thread.c', cflags=['--closure=1', '-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME', '-pthread'] + opts)

  # Tests memory growth in pthreads mode, but still on the main thread.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([], 1),
    'growable_arraybuffers': (['-sGROWABLE_ARRAYBUFFERS', '-Wno-experimental'], 1),
    'proxy': (['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'], 2),
  })
  @no_2gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  @no_4gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  @requires_growable_arraybuffers
  def test_pthread_growth_mainthread(self, cflags, pthread_pool_size):
    self.set_setting('PTHREAD_POOL_SIZE', pthread_pool_size)
    if '-sGROWABLE_ARRAYBUFFERS' not in cflags:
      self.cflags.append('-Wno-pthreads-mem-growth')
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_memory_growth_mainthread.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH', '-sINITIAL_MEMORY=32MB', '-sMAXIMUM_MEMORY=256MB'] + cflags)

  # Tests memory growth in a pthread.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'growable_arraybuffers': (['-sGROWABLE_ARRAYBUFFERS', '-Wno-experimental'],),
    'assert': (['-sASSERTIONS'],),
    'proxy': (['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'], 2),
    'minimal': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME', '-sMODULARIZE', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule'],),
  })
  @no_2gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  @no_4gb('uses INITIAL_MEMORY')
  @requires_growable_arraybuffers
  def test_pthread_growth(self, cflags, pthread_pool_size = 1):
    self.set_setting('PTHREAD_POOL_SIZE', pthread_pool_size)
    if '-sGROWABLE_ARRAYBUFFERS' not in cflags:
      self.cflags.append('-Wno-pthreads-mem-growth')
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_memory_growth.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH', '-sINITIAL_MEMORY=32MB', '-sMAXIMUM_MEMORY=256MB'] + cflags)

  # Tests that time in a pthread is relative to the main thread, so measurements
  # on different threads are still monotonic, as if checking a single central
  # clock.
  def test_pthread_reltime(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_reltime.cpp', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE'])

  # Tests that it is possible to load the main .js file of the application manually via mainScriptUrlOrBlob,
  # and still use pthreads.
  @parameterized({
    'blob': (False, True),
    'url': (False, False),
    'blob_es6': (True, True),
    'url_es6': (True, False),
  })
  @requires_es6_workers
  def test_mainScriptUrlOrBlob(self, es6, use_blob):
    # TODO: enable this with wasm, currently pthreads/atomics have limitations
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    js_name = 'hello_thread_with_loader.%s' % ('mjs' if es6 else 'js')
    if es6:
      self.cflags += ['-sEXPORT_ES6']
    if es6 and use_blob:
      create_file('loader.mjs', '''
        Module['locateFile'] = (path,_prefix) => path;
        let blob = await (await fetch('hello_thread_with_loader.mjs')).blob();
        Module['mainScriptUrlOrBlob'] = blob;
        (await import(URL.createObjectURL(blob))).default(Module);
      ''')
    elif use_blob:
      create_file('loader.mjs', '''
        let blob = await (await fetch('hello_thread_with_loader.js')).blob();
        Module['mainScriptUrlOrBlob'] = blob;
        var script = document.createElement('script');
        script.src = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
        document.body.appendChild(script);
      ''')
    elif es6:
      create_file('loader.mjs', '''
        Module['mainScriptUrlOrBlob'] = 'hello_thread_with_loader.mjs';
        (await import('./hello_thread_with_loader.mjs')).default(Module);
      ''')
    else:
      create_file('loader.mjs', '''
        var script = document.createElement('script');
        Module['mainScriptUrlOrBlob'] = 'hello_thread_with_loader.js';
        script.src = Module['mainScriptUrlOrBlob'];
        document.body.appendChild(script);
      ''')

    self.compile_btest('pthread/hello_thread.c', ['-pthread', '-o', 'out.js'], reporting=Reporting.JS_ONLY)

    # Now run the test with the JS file renamed and with its content
    # stored in Module['mainScriptUrlOrBlob'].
    shutil.move('out.js', js_name)
    shutil.copy(test_file('pthread/main_js_with_loader.html'), 'hello_thread_with_loader.html')
    self.run_browser('hello_thread_with_loader.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  # Tests that SINGLE_FILE works as intended in generated HTML (with and without Worker)
  def test_single_file_html(self):
    self.btest('single_file_static_initializer.cpp', '19', cflags=['-sSINGLE_FILE'])
    self.assertExists('test.html')
    self.assertNotExists('test.js')
    self.assertNotExists('test.worker.js')
    self.assertNotExists('test.wasm')

  # Tests that SINGLE_FILE works as intended in generated HTML with MINIMAL_RUNTIME
  @also_with_wasm2js
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'O3': (['-O3'],),
  })
  def test_minimal_runtime_single_file_html(self, opts):
    self.btest('single_file_static_initializer.cpp', '19', cflags=opts + ['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME', '-sSINGLE_FILE'])
    self.assertExists('test.html')
    self.assertNotExists('test.js')
    self.assertNotExists('test.wasm')
    self.assertNotExists('test.asm.js')
    self.assertNotExists('test.js')
    self.assertNotExists('test.worker.js')

  # Tests that SINGLE_FILE works when built with ENVIRONMENT=web and Closure enabled (#7933)
  def test_single_file_in_web_environment_with_closure(self):
    self.btest_exit('minimal_hello.c', cflags=['-sSINGLE_FILE', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-O2', '--closure=1'])

  # Tests that SINGLE_FILE works as intended with locateFile
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_single_file_locate_file(self):
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['-o', 'test.js', '-sSINGLE_FILE'])

    create_file('test.html', '''
      <script>
        var Module = {
          locateFile: function (path) {
            if (path.startsWith('data:')) {
              throw new Error('Unexpected data URI.');
            }

            return path;
          }
        };
      </script>
      <script src="test.js"></script>
    ''')

    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?0')

  # Tests that SINGLE_FILE works as intended in a Worker in JS output
  def test_single_file_worker_js(self):
    self.btest_exit('browser_test_hello_world.c', cflags=['-sSINGLE_FILE'], run_in_worker=True)

  # Tests that pthreads code works as intended in a Worker. That is, a pthreads-using
  # program can run either on the main thread (normal tests) or when we start it in
  # a Worker in this test (in that case, both the main application thread and the worker
  # threads are all inside Web Workers).
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'limited_env': (['-sENVIRONMENT=worker'],),
  })
  def test_pthreads_started_in_worker(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_atomics.c', cflags=['-o', 'test.js', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=8'] + args, run_in_worker=True)

  def test_access_file_after_heap_resize(self):
    create_file('test.txt', 'hello from file')
    self.btest_exit('access_file_after_heap_resize.c', cflags=['-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH', '--preload-file', 'test.txt'])

    # with separate file packager invocation
    self.run_process([FILE_PACKAGER, 'data.data', '--preload', 'test.txt', '--js-output=' + 'data.js'])
    self.btest_exit('access_file_after_heap_resize.c', cflags=['-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH', '--pre-js', 'data.js', '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM'])

  def test_unicode_html_shell(self):
    create_file('main.c', r'''
      int main() {
        return 0;
      }
    ''')
    create_file('shell.html', read_file(path_from_root('src/shell.html')).replace('Emscripten-Generated Code', 'Emscripten-Generated Emoji 😅'))
    self.btest_exit('main.c', cflags=['--shell-file', 'shell.html'])

  # Tests the functionality of the emscripten_thread_sleep() function.
  def test_emscripten_thread_sleep(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/emscripten_thread_sleep.c', cflags=['-pthread'])

  # Tests that Emscripten-compiled applications can be run from a relative path in browser that is different than the address of the current page
  def test_browser_run_from_different_directory(self):
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['-o', 'test.html', '-O3'])

    ensure_dir('subdir')
    shutil.move('test.js', Path('subdir/test.js'))
    shutil.move('test.wasm', Path('subdir/test.wasm'))
    src = read_file('test.html')
    # Make sure JS is loaded from subdirectory
    create_file('test-subdir.html', src.replace('test.js', 'subdir/test.js'))
    self.run_browser('test-subdir.html', '/report_result?0')

  # Similar to `test_browser_run_from_different_directory`, but asynchronous because of `-sMODULARIZE`
  def test_browser_run_from_different_directory_async(self):
    # compile the code with the modularize feature and the preload-file option enabled
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['-o', 'test.js', '-O3', '-sMODULARIZE'])
    ensure_dir('subdir')
    shutil.move('test.js', Path('subdir/test.js'))
    shutil.move('test.wasm', Path('subdir/test.wasm'))
    # Make sure JS is loaded from subdirectory
    create_file('test-subdir.html', '''
      <script src="subdir/test.js"></script>
      <script>
        Module();
      </script>
    ''')
    self.run_browser('test-subdir.html', '/report_result?0')

  # Similar to `test_browser_run_from_different_directory`, but
  # also also we eval the initial code, so currentScript is not present. That prevents us
  # from finding the file in a subdir, but here we at least check we do not regress compared to the
  # normal case of finding in the current dir.
  # test both modularize (and creating an instance) and modularize-instance
  # (which creates by itself)
  @parameterized({
    '': ([], ['-sMODULARIZE'], 'Module();'),
    'subdir': (['subdir'], ['-sMODULARIZE'], 'Module();'),
  })
  def test_browser_modularize_no_current_script(self, path, args, creation):
    filesystem_path = os.path.join('.', *path)
    ensure_dir(filesystem_path)
    # compile the code with the modularize feature and the preload-file option enabled
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['-o', 'test.js'] + args)
    shutil.move('test.js', Path(filesystem_path, 'test.js'))
    shutil.move('test.wasm', Path(filesystem_path, 'test.wasm'))
    create_file(Path(filesystem_path, 'test.html'), '''
      <script>
        setTimeout(async () => {
          let response = await fetch('test.js');
          let text = await response.text();
          eval(text);
          %s
        }, 1);
      </script>
    ''' % creation)
    self.run_browser('/'.join(path + ['test.html']), '/report_result?0')

  def test_emscripten_request_animation_frame(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_request_animation_frame.c')

  def test_emscripten_request_animation_frame_loop(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_request_animation_frame_loop.c')

  def test_request_animation_frame(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_request_animation_frame.c')

  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_emscripten_set_timeout(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_set_timeout.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_emscripten_set_timeout_loop(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_set_timeout_loop.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  def test_emscripten_set_immediate(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_set_immediate.c')

  def test_emscripten_set_immediate_loop(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_set_immediate_loop.c')

  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_emscripten_set_interval(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_set_interval.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  # Test emscripten_performance_now() and emscripten_date_now()
  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_emscripten_performance_now(self):
    self.btest('emscripten_performance_now.c', '0', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'])

  def test_embind_with_pthreads(self):
    self.btest_exit('embind/test_pthreads.cpp', cflags=['-lembind', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2'])

  @parameterized({
    'asyncify': (['-sASYNCIFY'],),
    'jspi': (['-sJSPI', '-Wno-experimental'],),
  })
  def test_embind(self, args):
    if is_jspi(args) and not is_chrome():
      self.skipTest(f'Current browser ({get_browser()}) does not support JSPI. Only chromium-based browsers ({CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS}) support JSPI today.')
    if is_jspi(args) and self.is_wasm64():
      self.skipTest('_emval_await fails')

    self.btest('embind_with_asyncify.cpp', '1', cflags=['-lembind'] + args)

  # Test emscripten_console_log(), emscripten_console_warn() and emscripten_console_error()
  def test_emscripten_console_log(self):
    self.btest_exit('emscripten_console_log.c', cflags=['--pre-js', test_file('emscripten_console_log_pre.js')])

  def test_emscripten_throw_number(self):
    self.btest('emscripten_throw_number.c', '0', cflags=['--pre-js', test_file('emscripten_throw_number_pre.js')])

  def test_emscripten_throw_string(self):
    self.btest('emscripten_throw_string.c', '0', cflags=['--pre-js', test_file('emscripten_throw_string_pre.js')])

  # Tests that Closure run in combination with -sENVIRONMENT=web mode works with a minimal console.log() application
  def test_closure_in_web_only_target_environment_console_log(self):
    self.btest_exit('minimal_hello.c', cflags=['-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-O3', '--closure=1'])

  # Tests that Closure run in combination with -sENVIRONMENT=web mode works with a small WebGL application
  @requires_graphics_hardware
  def test_closure_in_web_only_target_environment_webgl(self):
    self.btest_exit('webgl_draw_triangle.c', cflags=['-lGL', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-O3', '--closure=1'])

  @requires_wasm2js
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'minimal': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME'],),
  })
  def test_no_declare_asm_module_exports_wasm2js(self, args):
    # TODO(sbc): Fix closure warnings with MODULARIZE + WASM=0
    self.ldflags.append('-Wno-error=closure')
    self.btest_exit('declare_asm_module_exports.c', cflags=['-sDECLARE_ASM_MODULE_EXPORTS=0', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-O3', '--closure=1', '-sWASM=0'] + args)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'strict_js': (['-sSTRICT_JS'],),
    'minimal_runtime': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME=1'],),
    'minimal_runtime_2': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME=2'],),
  })
  def test_no_declare_asm_module_exports(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('declare_asm_module_exports.c', cflags=['-sDECLARE_ASM_MODULE_EXPORTS=0', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-O3', '--closure=1'] + args)

  # Tests that the different code paths in src/shell_minimal_runtime.html all work ok.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'modularize': (['-sMODULARIZE'],),
  })
  @also_with_wasm2js
  def test_minimal_runtime_loader_shell(self, args):
    args = ['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME=2']
    self.btest_exit('minimal_hello.c', cflags=args)

  # Tests that -sMINIMAL_RUNTIME works well in different build modes
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'streaming_compile': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME_STREAMING_WASM_COMPILATION', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '--closure=1'],),
    'streaming_inst': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME_STREAMING_WASM_INSTANTIATION', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '--closure=1'],),
  })
  def test_minimal_runtime_hello_world(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('small_hello_world.c', cflags=args + ['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME'])

  # Tests emscripten_unwind_to_js_event_loop() behavior
  def test_emscripten_unwind_to_js_event_loop(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_emscripten_unwind_to_js_event_loop.c')

  @requires_wasm2js
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'minimal': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME'],),
  })
  def test_wasm2js_fallback(self, args):
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    self.compile_btest('small_hello_world.c', ['-sWASM=2', '-o', 'test.html'] + args)

    # First run with WebAssembly support enabled
    # Move the Wasm2js fallback away to test it is not accidentally getting loaded.
    os.rename('test.wasm.js', 'test.wasm.js.unused')
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?exit:0')
    os.rename('test.wasm.js.unused', 'test.wasm.js')

    # Then disable WebAssembly support in VM, and try again.. Should still work with Wasm2JS fallback.
    html = read_file('test.html')
    html = html.replace('<body>', '<body><script>delete WebAssembly;</script>')
    create_file('test.html', html)
    os.remove('test.wasm') # Also delete the Wasm file to test that it is not attempted to be loaded.
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  @requires_wasm2js
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'minimal': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME'],),
  })
  def test_wasm2js_fallback_on_wasm_compilation_failure(self, args):
    self.set_setting('EXIT_RUNTIME')
    self.compile_btest('small_hello_world.c', ['-sWASM=2', '-o', 'test.html'] + args)

    # Run without the .wasm.js file present: with Wasm support, the page should still run
    os.rename('test.wasm.js', 'test.wasm.js.unused')
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

    # Restore the .wasm.js file, then corrupt the .wasm file, that should trigger the Wasm2js fallback to run
    os.rename('test.wasm.js.unused', 'test.wasm.js')
    shutil.copy('test.js', 'test.wasm')
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  def test_system(self):
    self.btest_exit('test_system.c')

  # Tests the hello_wasm_worker.c documentation example code.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_hello(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/hello_wasm_worker.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS', '-sENVIRONMENT=web'])

  @requires_es6_workers
  def test_wasm_worker_hello_export_es6(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/hello_wasm_worker.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-sEXPORT_ES6'])

  def test_wasm_worker_hello_minimal_runtime_2(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/hello_wasm_worker.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS', '-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME=2'])

  # Tests Wasm Workers build in Wasm2JS mode.
  @requires_wasm2js
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_hello_wasm2js(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/hello_wasm_worker.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS', '-sWASM=0'])

  # Tests the WASM_WORKERS=2 build mode, which embeds the Wasm Worker bootstrap JS script file to the main JS file.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_hello_embedded(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/hello_wasm_worker.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS=2'])

  # Tests that it is possible to call emscripten_futex_wait() in Wasm Workers.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'pthread': (['-pthread'],),
  })
  def test_wasm_worker_futex_wait(self, args):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/wasm_worker_futex_wait.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS=1', '-sASSERTIONS'] + args)

  # Tests Wasm Worker thread stack setup
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  @parameterized({
    '0': (0,),
    '1': (1,),
    '2': (2,),
  })
  def test_wasm_worker_thread_stack(self, mode):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/thread_stack.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS', f'-sSTACK_OVERFLOW_CHECK={mode}'])

  # Tests emscripten_malloc_wasm_worker() and emscripten_current_thread_is_wasm_worker() functions
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_malloc(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/malloc_wasm_worker.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests Wasm Worker+pthreads simultaneously
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_and_pthreads(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/wasm_worker_and_pthread.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS', '-pthread'])

  # Tests emscripten_wasm_worker_self_id() function
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_self_id(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/wasm_worker_self_id.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests direct Wasm Assembly .S file based TLS variables in Wasm Workers
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_tls_wasm_assembly(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/wasm_worker_tls_wasm_assembly.c',
               expected='42', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS', test_file('wasm_worker/wasm_worker_tls_wasm_assembly.S')])

  # Tests C++11 keyword thread_local for TLS in Wasm Workers
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_cpp11_thread_local(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/cpp11_thread_local.cpp', expected='42', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests C11 keyword _Thread_local for TLS in Wasm Workers
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_c11__Thread_local(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/c11__Thread_local.c', expected='42', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests GCC specific extension keyword __thread for TLS in Wasm Workers
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_gcc___thread(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/gcc___Thread.c', expected='42', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_wasm_worker_sleep()
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_sleep(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/wasm_worker_sleep.c', expected='1', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_terminate_wasm_worker()
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_terminate(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/terminate_wasm_worker.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_terminate_all_wasm_workers()
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_terminate_all(self):
    self.set_setting('WASM_WORKERS')
    # Test uses the dynCall library function in its EM_ASM code
    self.set_setting('DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FUNCS_TO_INCLUDE', ['$dynCall'])
    self.btest('wasm_worker/terminate_all_wasm_workers.c', expected='0')

  # Tests emscripten_wasm_worker_post_function_*() API
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_post_function(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/post_function.c', expected='8', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_wasm_worker_post_function_*() API and EMSCRIPTEN_WASM_WORKER_ID_PARENT
  # to send a message back from Worker to its parent thread.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_post_function_to_main_thread(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/post_function_to_main_thread.c', expected='10', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_navigator_hardware_concurrency() and emscripten_atomics_is_lock_free()
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_hardware_concurrency_is_lock_free(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/hardware_concurrency_is_lock_free.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_atomic_wait_u32() and emscripten_atomic_notify() functions.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_wait32_notify(self):
    self.btest('atomic/test_wait32_notify.c', expected='3', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_atomic_wait_u64() and emscripten_atomic_notify() functions.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_wait64_notify(self):
    self.btest('atomic/test_wait64_notify.c', expected='3', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_atomic_wait_async() function.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_wait_async(self):
    self.btest_exit('atomic/test_wait_async.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_atomic_cancel_wait_async() function.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_cancel_wait_async(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/cancel_wait_async.c', expected='1', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_atomic_cancel_all_wait_asyncs() function.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_cancel_all_wait_asyncs(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/cancel_all_wait_asyncs.c', expected='1', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_atomic_cancel_all_wait_asyncs_at_address() function.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_cancel_all_wait_asyncs_at_address(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/cancel_all_wait_asyncs_at_address.c', expected='1', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_lock_init(), emscripten_lock_waitinf_acquire() and emscripten_lock_release()
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_lock_waitinf(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/lock_waitinf_acquire.c', expected='4000', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_lock_wait_acquire() and emscripten_lock_try_acquire() in Worker.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_lock_wait(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/lock_wait_acquire.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_lock_wait_acquire() between two Wasm Workers.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_lock_wait2(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/lock_wait_acquire2.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_lock_async_acquire() function.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  @flaky('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/25270')
  def test_wasm_worker_lock_async_acquire(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/lock_async_acquire.c', cflags=['--closure=1', '-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_lock_async_acquire() function when lock is acquired both synchronously and asynchronously.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_lock_async_and_sync_acquire(self):
    self.btest_exit('wasm_worker/lock_async_and_sync_acquire.c', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_lock_busyspin_wait_acquire() in Worker and main thread.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_lock_busyspin_wait(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/lock_busyspin_wait_acquire.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_lock_busyspin_waitinf_acquire() in Worker and main thread.
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_lock_busyspin_waitinf(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/lock_busyspin_waitinf_acquire.c', expected='1', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests that proxied JS functions cannot be called from Wasm Workers
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_no_proxied_js_functions(self):
    self.set_setting('WASM_WORKERS')
    self.set_setting('ASSERTIONS')
    # Test uses the dynCall library function in its EM_ASM code
    self.set_setting('DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FUNCS_TO_INCLUDE', ['$dynCall'])
    self.btest('wasm_worker/no_proxied_js_functions.c', expected='0',
               cflags=['--js-library', test_file('wasm_worker/no_proxied_js_functions.js')])

  # Tests emscripten_semaphore_init(), emscripten_semaphore_waitinf_acquire() and emscripten_semaphore_release()
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_semaphore_waitinf_acquire(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/semaphore_waitinf_acquire.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests emscripten_semaphore_try_acquire() on the main thread
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_wasm_worker_semaphore_try_acquire(self):
    self.btest('wasm_worker/semaphore_try_acquire.c', expected='0', cflags=['-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests that calling any proxied function in a Wasm Worker will abort at runtime when ASSERTIONS are enabled.
  def test_wasm_worker_proxied_function(self):
    error_msg = "abort:Assertion failed: Attempted to call proxied function '_proxied_js_function' in a Wasm Worker, but in Wasm Worker enabled builds, proxied function architecture is not available!"
    # Test that program aborts in ASSERTIONS-enabled builds
    self.btest('wasm_worker/proxied_function.c', expected=error_msg, cflags=['--js-library', test_file('wasm_worker/proxied_function.js'), '-sWASM_WORKERS', '-sASSERTIONS'])
    # Test that code does not crash in ASSERTIONS-disabled builds
    self.btest('wasm_worker/proxied_function.c', expected='0', cflags=['--js-library', test_file('wasm_worker/proxied_function.js'), '-sWASM_WORKERS', '-sASSERTIONS=0'])

  @no_firefox('no 4GB support yet')
  @no_2gb('uses MAXIMUM_MEMORY')
  @no_4gb('uses MAXIMUM_MEMORY')
  def test_4gb(self):
    # TODO Convert to an actual browser test when it reaches stable.
    # For now, keep this in browser as this suite runs serially, which
    # means we don't compete for memory with anything else (and run it
    # at the very very end, to reduce the risk of it OOM-killing the
    # browser).

    # test that we can allocate in the 2-4GB range, if we enable growth and
    # set the max appropriately
    self.cflags += ['-O2', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH', '-sMAXIMUM_MEMORY=4GB']
    self.do_run_in_out_file_test('browser/test_4GB.cpp')

  # Tests that emmalloc supports up to 4GB Wasm heaps.
  @no_firefox('no 4GB support yet')
  @requires_safari_version(170601, 'Assertion failed: emscripten_get_heap_size() == MAX_HEAP') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618)
  @no_4gb('uses MAXIMUM_MEMORY')
  def test_emmalloc_4gb(self):
    # For now, keep this in browser as this suite runs serially, which
    # means we don't compete for memory with anything else (and run it
    # at the very very end, to reduce the risk of it OOM-killing the
    # browser).
    self.btest_exit('test_mem_growth.c', cflags=['-sMALLOC=emmalloc', '-sABORTING_MALLOC=0', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1', '-sMAXIMUM_MEMORY=4GB'])

  # Test that it is possible to malloc() a huge 3GB memory block in 4GB mode using emmalloc.
  # Also test emmalloc-memvalidate and emmalloc-memvalidate-verbose build configurations.
  @no_firefox('no 4GB support yet')
  @no_2gb('not enough space to run in this mode')
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-sMALLOC=emmalloc'],),
    'debug': (['-sMALLOC=emmalloc-debug'],),
    'memvalidate': (['-sMALLOC=emmalloc-memvalidate'],),
    'memvalidate_verbose': (['-sMALLOC=emmalloc-memvalidate-verbose'],),
  })
  def test_emmalloc_3gb(self, args):
    if self.is_4gb():
      self.set_setting('MAXIMUM_MEMORY', '8GB')
    else:
      self.set_setting('MAXIMUM_MEMORY', '4GB')
    self.btest_exit('alloc_3gb.c', cflags=['-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1'] + args)

  # Test that it is possible to malloc() a huge 3GB memory block in 4GB mode using dlmalloc.
  @no_firefox('no 4GB support yet')
  @no_2gb('not enough space to run in this mode')
  def test_dlmalloc_3gb(self):
    if self.is_4gb():
      self.set_setting('MAXIMUM_MEMORY', '8GB')
    else:
      self.set_setting('MAXIMUM_MEMORY', '4GB')
    self.btest_exit('alloc_3gb.c', cflags=['-sMALLOC=dlmalloc', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1'])

  @no_wasm64()
  @parameterized({
    # the fetch backend works even on the main thread: we proxy to a background
    # thread and busy-wait
    # this test requires one thread per fetch backend, so updates to the test
    # will require bumping this
    'main_thread': (['-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=5'],),
    # using proxy_to_pthread also works, of course
    'proxy_to_pthread': (['-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-DPROXYING'],),
    # using BigInt support affects the ABI, and should not break things. (this
    # could be tested on either thread; do the main thread for simplicity)
    'bigint': (['-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=5', '-sWASM_BIGINT'],),
  })
  def test_wasmfs_fetch_backend_threaded(self, args):
    create_file('data.dat', 'hello, fetch')
    create_file('small.dat', 'hello')
    create_file('test.txt', 'fetch 2')
    delete_dir('subdir')
    ensure_dir('subdir')
    create_file('subdir/backendfile', 'file 1')
    create_file('subdir/backendfile2', 'file 2')
    self.btest_exit('wasmfs/wasmfs_fetch.c',
                    cflags=['-sWASMFS', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD',
                            '-sFORCE_FILESYSTEM', '-lfetchfs.js',
                            '--js-library', test_file('wasmfs/wasmfs_fetch.js')] + args)

  @no_firefox('no OPFS support yet')
  @no_wasm64()
  @parameterized({
    '': (['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD'],),
    'jspi': (['-Wno-experimental', '-sJSPI'],),
    'jspi_wasm_bigint': (['-Wno-experimental', '-sJSPI', '-sWASM_BIGINT'],),
  })
  @no_safari('TODO: Fails with abort:Assertion failed: err == 0') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_wasmfs_opfs(self, args):
    if '-sJSPI' in args:
      self.require_jspi()
    test = test_file('wasmfs/wasmfs_opfs.c')
    args = ['-sWASMFS', '-O3'] + args
    self.btest_exit(test, cflags=args + ['-DWASMFS_SETUP'])
    self.btest_exit(test, cflags=args + ['-DWASMFS_RESUME'])

  @no_firefox('no OPFS support yet')
  @no_safari('TODO: Fails with exception:Did not get expected EIO when unlinking file') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618) and Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_wasmfs_opfs_errors(self):
    test = test_file('wasmfs/wasmfs_opfs_errors.c')
    postjs = test_file('wasmfs/wasmfs_opfs_errors_post.js')
    args = ['-sWASMFS', '-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '--post-js', postjs]
    self.btest(test, cflags=args, expected='0')

  @no_firefox('no 4GB support yet')
  def test_emmalloc_memgrowth(self):
    if not self.is_4gb():
      self.set_setting('MAXIMUM_MEMORY', '4GB')
    self.btest_exit('emmalloc_memgrowth.cpp', cflags=['-sMALLOC=emmalloc', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1', '-sABORTING_MALLOC=0', '-sASSERTIONS=2', '-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME=1'])

  @no_firefox('no 4GB support yet')
  @no_2gb('uses MAXIMUM_MEMORY')
  @no_4gb('uses MAXIMUM_MEMORY')
  def test_2gb_fail(self):
    # TODO Convert to an actual browser test when it reaches stable.
    #      For now, keep this in browser as this suite runs serially, which
    #      means we don't compete for memory with anything else (and run it
    #      at the very very end, to reduce the risk of it OOM-killing the
    #      browser).

    # test that growth doesn't go beyond 2GB without the max being set for that,
    # and that we can catch an allocation failure exception for that
    self.cflags += ['-O2', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH', '-sMAXIMUM_MEMORY=2GB']
    self.do_run_in_out_file_test('browser/test_2GB_fail.cpp')

  @no_firefox('no 4GB support yet')
  @no_2gb('uses MAXIMUM_MEMORY')
  @no_4gb('uses MAXIMUM_MEMORY')
  def test_4gb_fail(self):
    # TODO Convert to an actual browser test when it reaches stable.
    #      For now, keep this in browser as this suite runs serially, which
    #      means we don't compete for memory with anything else (and run it
    #      at the very very end, to reduce the risk of it OOM-killing the
    #      browser).

    # test that we properly report an allocation error that would overflow over
    # 4GB.
    self.set_setting('MAXIMUM_MEMORY', '4GB')
    self.cflags += ['-O2', '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH', '-sABORTING_MALLOC=0', '-sASSERTIONS']
    self.do_run_in_out_file_test('browser/test_4GB_fail.cpp')

  # Tests that Emscripten-compiled applications can be run when a slash in the URL query or fragment of the js file
  def test_browser_run_with_slash_in_query_and_hash(self):
    self.compile_btest('browser_test_hello_world.c', ['-o', 'test.html', '-O0'])
    src = open('test.html').read()
    # Slash in query
    create_file('test-query.html', src.replace('test.js', 'test.js?type=pass/fail'))
    self.run_browser('test-query.html', '/report_result?0')
    # Slash in fragment
    create_file('test-hash.html', src.replace('test.js', 'test.js#pass/fail'))
    self.run_browser('test-hash.html', '/report_result?0')
    # Slash in query and fragment
    create_file('test-query-hash.html', src.replace('test.js', 'test.js?type=pass/fail#pass/fail'))
    self.run_browser('test-query-hash.html', '/report_result?0')

  @disabled("only run this manually, to test for race conditions")
  @parameterized({
    'normal': ([],),
    'assertions': (['-sASSERTIONS'],),
  })
  def test_manual_pthread_proxy_hammer(self, args):
    # the specific symptom of the hang that was fixed is that the test hangs
    # at some point, using 0% CPU. often that occurred in 0-200 iterations, but
    # you may want to adjust "ITERATIONS".
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_proxy_hammer.cpp',
                    cflags=['-pthread', '-O2', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD',
                               '-DITERATIONS=1024', '-g1'] + args,
                    timeout=10000)

  def test_assert_failure(self):
    self.btest('test_assert_failure.c', 'abort:Assertion failed: false && "this is a test"')

  @no_safari('TODO: Fails with report_result?exception:rejected!') # Fails in Safari 17.6 (17618.3.11.11.7, 17618), Safari 26.0.1 (21622.1.22.11.15)
  def test_pthread_unhandledrejection(self):
    # Check that an unhandled promise rejection is propagated to the main thread
    # as an error. This test is failing if it hangs!
    self.btest('pthread/test_pthread_unhandledrejection.c',
               cflags=['-pthread', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '--post-js',
                          test_file('pthread/test_pthread_unhandledrejection.post.js')],
               # Firefox and Chrome report this slightly differently
               expected=['exception:Uncaught rejected!', 'exception:uncaught exception: rejected!'])

  def test_pthread_key_recreation(self):
    self.btest_exit('pthread/test_pthread_key_recreation.c', cflags=['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=1'])

  def test_full_js_library_strict(self):
    self.btest_exit('hello_world.c', cflags=['-sINCLUDE_FULL_LIBRARY', '-sSTRICT_JS'])

  # Tests the AudioWorklet demo
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'with_fs': (['--preload-file', test_file('hello_world.c') + '@/'],),
    'closure': (['--closure', '1', '-Oz'],),
    'asyncify': (['-sASYNCIFY'],),
    'pthreads': (['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2'],),
    'pthreads_and_closure': (['-pthread', '--closure', '1', '-Oz'],),
    'minimal_runtime': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME'],),
    'minimal_runtime_pthreads_and_closure': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME', '-pthread', '--closure', '1', '-Oz'],),
    'pthreads_es6': (['-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=2', '-sEXPORT_ES6'],),
    'es6': (['-sEXPORT_ES6'],),
    'strict': (['-sSTRICT'],),
    'audio_params_disabled': (['-sAUDIO_WORKLET_SUPPORT_AUDIO_PARAMS=0'],),
  })
  @requires_sound_hardware
  @requires_es6_workers
  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_audio_worklet(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webaudio/audioworklet.c', cflags=['-sAUDIO_WORKLET', '-sWASM_WORKERS', '-DTEST_AND_EXIT'] + args)

  # Tests that audioworklets and workers can be used at the same time
  # Note: doesn't need audio hardware (and has no AW code that tests 2GB or wasm64)
  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_audio_worklet_worker(self):
    self.btest_exit('webaudio/audioworklet_worker.c', cflags=['-sAUDIO_WORKLET', '-sWASM_WORKERS'])

  # Tests that posting functions between the main thread and the audioworklet thread works
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['--closure', '1', '-Oz'],),
  })
  # Note: doesn't need audio hardware (and has no AW code that tests 2GB or wasm64)
  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_audio_worklet_post_function(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webaudio/audioworklet_post_function.c', cflags=['-sAUDIO_WORKLET', '-sWASM_WORKERS'] + args)

  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'closure': (['--closure', '1', '-Oz'],),
  })
  @requires_sound_hardware
  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_audio_worklet_modularize(self, args):
    self.btest_exit('webaudio/audioworklet.c', cflags=['-sAUDIO_WORKLET', '-sWASM_WORKERS', '-sMODULARIZE=1', '-sEXPORT_NAME=MyModule', '--shell-file', test_file('shell_that_launches_modularize.html'), '-DTEST_AND_EXIT'] + args)

  # Tests an AudioWorklet with multiple stereo inputs mixing in the processor
  # via a varying parameter to a single stereo output (touching all of the API
  # copying from structs)
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'minimal_with_closure': (['-sMINIMAL_RUNTIME', '--closure=1', '-Oz'],),
  })
  @requires_sound_hardware
  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_audio_worklet_params_mixing(self, args):
    os.mkdir('audio_files')
    shutil.copy(test_file('webaudio/audio_files/emscripten-beat.mp3'), 'audio_files/')
    shutil.copy(test_file('webaudio/audio_files/emscripten-bass.mp3'), 'audio_files/')
    self.btest_exit('webaudio/audioworklet_params_mixing.c', cflags=['-sAUDIO_WORKLET', '-sWASM_WORKERS', '-DTEST_AND_EXIT'] + args)

  # Tests AudioWorklet with emscripten_lock_busyspin_wait_acquire() and friends
  @requires_sound_hardware
  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  @flaky('https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/25245')
  def test_audio_worklet_emscripten_locks(self):
    self.btest_exit('webaudio/audioworklet_emscripten_locks.c', cflags=['-sAUDIO_WORKLET', '-sWASM_WORKERS', '-pthread'])

  def test_audio_worklet_direct(self):
    self.add_browser_reporting()
    self.emcc('hello_world.c', ['-o', 'hello_world.mjs', '-sEXPORT_ES6', '-sSINGLE_FILE', '-sENVIRONMENT=worklet'])
    create_file('worklet.mjs', '''
      import Module from "./hello_world.mjs"
      console.log("in worklet");
      class MyProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
        constructor() {
          super();
          Module().then(() => {
            console.log("done Module constructor");
            this.port.postMessage("ready");
          });
        }
        process(inputs, outputs, parameters) {
          return true;
        }
      }
      registerProcessor('my-processor', MyProcessor);
      console.log("done register");
    ''')
    create_file('test.html', '''
      <script src="browser_reporting.js"></script>
      <script>
        async function createContext() {
          const context = new window.AudioContext();
          await context.audioWorklet.addModule('worklet.mjs');
          const node = new AudioWorkletNode(context, 'my-processor');
          node.port.onmessage = (event) => {
            console.log(event);
            reportResultToServer(event.data);
          }
        }
        createContext();
      </script>
    ''')
    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?ready')

  # Verifies setting audio context sample rate, and that emscripten_audio_context_sample_rate() works.
  @requires_sound_hardware
  @also_with_minimal_runtime
  def test_web_audio_context_sample_rate(self):
    self.btest_exit('webaudio/audio_context_sample_rate.c', cflags=['-lwebaudio.js'])

  def test_error_reporting(self):
    # Test catching/reporting Error objects
    create_file('post.js', 'throw new Error("oops");')
    self.btest('hello_world.c', cflags=['--post-js=post.js'], expected='exception:oops')

    # Test catching/reporting non-Error objects
    create_file('post.js', 'throw "foo";')
    self.btest('hello_world.c', cflags=['--post-js=post.js'], expected='exception:foo')

  @also_with_threads
  @also_with_wasm2js
  @parameterized({
    '': ([],),
    'es6': (['-sEXPORT_ES6', '-pthread', '-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=1'],),
  })
  @requires_dev_dependency('webpack')
  def test_webpack(self, args):
    if '-sEXPORT_ES6' in args:
      copytree(test_file('webpack_es6'), '.')
      outfile = 'src/hello.mjs'
    else:
      copytree(test_file('webpack'), '.')
      outfile = 'src/hello.js'
    self.compile_btest('hello_world.c', ['-sEXIT_RUNTIME', '-sMODULARIZE', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-o', outfile] + args)
    self.run_process(shared.get_npm_cmd('webpack') + ['--mode=development', '--no-devtool'])
    if not self.is_wasm2js():
      # Webpack doesn't bundle the wasm file by default so we need to copy it
      # TODO(sbc): Look into plugins that do bundling.
      shutil.copy('src/hello.wasm', 'dist/')
    self.run_browser('dist/index.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  @also_with_threads
  @requires_dev_dependency('vite')
  def test_vite(self):
    copytree(test_file('vite'), '.')
    self.compile_btest('hello_world.c', ['-sEXIT_RUNTIME', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-o', 'hello.mjs'])
    self.run_process(shared.get_npm_cmd('vite') + ['build'])
    self.run_browser('dist/index.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  @also_with_threads
  @requires_dev_dependency('rollup')
  def test_rollup(self):
    copytree(test_file('rollup'), '.')
    self.compile_btest('hello_world.c', ['-sEXIT_RUNTIME', '-sENVIRONMENT=web', '-o', 'hello.mjs'])
    self.run_process(shared.get_npm_cmd('rollup') + ['--config'])
    # Rollup doesn't bundle the wasm file by default so we need to copy it
    # TODO(sbc): Look into plugins that do bundling.
    shutil.copy('hello.wasm', 'dist/')
    self.run_browser('index.html', '/report_result?exit:0')

  # Use different ports for each parameterized version so they can be run in
  # parallel and not conflict.
  @parameterized({
    '': ([], 9998),
    'es6': (['-sEXPORT_ES6', '--extern-post-js', test_file('modularize_post_js.js')], 9999),
  })
  @requires_shared_array_buffer
  def test_cross_origin(self, args, port):
    if '-sEXPORT_ES6' in args and browser_should_skip_feature('EMTEST_LACKS_ES6_WORKERS', Feature.WORKER_ES6_MODULES):
      self.skipTest('This test requires a browser with ES6 Module Workers support')
    # Verifies that the emscripten-generated JS and Wasm can be hosted on a different origin.
    # This test creates a second HTTP server running on a different port that serves files from `subdir`.
    # The main html is served from the normal port 8888 server while the JS and Wasm are hosted
    # on the port specified above.
    os.mkdir('subdir')
    create_file('subdir/foo.txt', 'hello')
    self.compile_btest('hello_world.c', ['-o', 'subdir/hello.js', '-sRUNTIME_DEBUG', '-sCROSS_ORIGIN', '-sPROXY_TO_PTHREAD', '-pthread', '-sEXIT_RUNTIME'] + args)

    class MyRequestHandler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
      def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, directory='subdir', **kwargs)

      # Add COOP, COEP, CORP, and no-caching headers
      def end_headers(self):
        self.send_header('Accept-Ranges', 'bytes')
        self.send_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
        self.send_header('Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy', 'same-origin')
        self.send_header('Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy', 'require-corp')
        self.send_header('Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy', 'cross-origin')

        self.send_header('Cache-Control', 'no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, private, max-age=0')
        self.send_header('Expires', '0')
        self.send_header('Pragma', 'no-cache')
        self.send_header('Vary', '*') # Safari insists on caching if this header is not present in addition to the above

        return SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.end_headers(self)

    if '-sEXPORT_ES6' in args:
      create_file('test.html', f'<script src="http://localhost:{port}/hello.js" type="module"></script>')
    else:
      create_file('test.html', f'<script src="http://localhost:{port}/hello.js"></script>')

    server = HttpServerThread(ThreadingHTTPServer(('localhost', port), MyRequestHandler))
    server.start()
    try:
      self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?exit:0')
    finally:
      server.stop()
      server.join()

  # Tests encoding of all byte pairs for binary encoding in SINGLE_FILE mode.
  @parameterized({
    '': ('',),
    'strict': ('"use strict";',),
  })
  def test_binary_encode(self, extra):
    # Encode values 0 .. 65535 into test data
    test_data = bytearray(struct.pack('<' + 'H' * 65536, *range(65536)))
    write_binary('data.tmp', test_data)
    binary_encoded = binary_encode('data.tmp')

    write_file('test.html', '''<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"></head><body><script>
''' + extra + '\n' + read_file(path_from_root('src/binaryDecode.js')) + '''
var src = ''' + binary_encoded + ''';
var u16 = new Uint16Array(binaryDecode(src).buffer);
for(var i = 0; i < 65536; ++i)
  if (u16[i] != i) throw i;
console.log('OK');
fetch('report_result?0');
</script></body></html>
''')

    self.run_browser('test.html', '/report_result?0')


class emrun(RunnerCore):
  def test_emrun_info(self):
    if not has_browser():
      self.skipTest('need a browser')
    result = self.run_process([EMRUN, '--system-info', '--browser_info'], stdout=PIPE).stdout
    assert 'CPU' in result
    assert 'Browser' in result
    assert 'Traceback' not in result

    result = self.run_process([EMRUN, '--list-browsers'], stdout=PIPE).stdout
    assert 'Traceback' not in result

  def test_no_browser(self):
    # Test --no-browser mode where we have to take care of launching the browser ourselves
    # and then killing emrun when we are done.
    if not has_browser():
      self.skipTest('need a browser')

    self.run_process([EMCC, test_file('test_emrun.c'), '--emrun', '-o', 'hello_world.html'])
    proc = subprocess.Popen([EMRUN, '--no-browser', '.', '--port=3333'], stdout=PIPE)
    try:
      if get_browser():
        print('Starting browser')
        browser_cmd = shlex.split(get_browser())
        browser = subprocess.Popen(browser_cmd + ['http://localhost:3333/hello_world.html'])
        try:
          while True:
            stdout = proc.stdout.read()
            if b'Dumping out file' in stdout:
              break
        finally:
          print('Terminating browser')
          browser.terminate()
          browser.wait()
    finally:
      print('Terminating emrun server')
      proc.terminate()
      proc.wait()

  def test_program_arg_separator(self):
    # Verify that trying to pass argument to the page without the `--` separator will
    # generate an actionable error message
    err = self.expect_fail([EMRUN, '--foo'])
    self.assertContained('error: unrecognized arguments: --foo', err)
    self.assertContained('remember to add `--` between arguments', err)

  def test_emrun(self):
    self.emcc('test_emrun.c', ['--emrun', '-o', 'test_emrun.html'])
    if not has_browser():
      self.skipTest('need a browser')

    # We cannot run emrun from the temp directory the suite will clean up afterwards, since the
    # browser that is launched will have that directory as startup directory, and the browser will
    # not close as part of the test, pinning down the cwd on Windows and it wouldn't be possible to
    # delete it. Therefore switch away from that directory before launching.
    os.chdir(path_from_root())

    args_base = [EMRUN, '--timeout', '30', '--safe_firefox_profile',
                 '--kill-exit', '--port', '6939', '--verbose',
                 '--log-stdout', self.in_dir('stdout.txt'),
                 '--log-stderr', self.in_dir('stderr.txt')]

    if get_browser() is not None:
      # If EMTEST_BROWSER carried command line arguments to pass to the browser,
      # (e.g. "firefox -profile /path/to/foo") those can't be passed via emrun,
      # so strip them out.
      browser_cmd = shlex.split(get_browser())
      browser_path = browser_cmd[0]
      args_base += ['--browser', browser_path]
      if len(browser_cmd) > 1:
        browser_args = browser_cmd[1:]
        if 'firefox' in browser_path and ('-profile' in browser_args or '--profile' in browser_args):
          # emrun uses its own -profile, strip it out
          parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False) # otherwise it throws with -headless
          parser.add_argument('-profile')
          parser.add_argument('--profile')
          browser_args = parser.parse_known_args(browser_args)[1]
        if browser_args:
          args_base += ['--browser_args', ' ' + ' '.join(browser_args)]

    for args in [
        [],
        ['--port', '0'],
        ['--private_browsing', '--port', '6941'],
        ['--dump_out_directory', 'other dir/multiple', '--port', '6942'],
        ['--dump_out_directory=foo_bar', '--port', '6942'],
    ]:
      args = args_base + args + [self.in_dir('test_emrun.html'), '--', '1', '2', '--3', 'escaped space', 'with_underscore']
      print(shlex.join(args))
      proc = self.run_process(args, check=False)
      self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 100)
      dump_dir = 'dump_out'
      if '--dump_out_directory' in args:
        dump_dir = 'other dir/multiple'
      elif '--dump_out_directory=foo_bar' in args:
        dump_dir = 'foo_bar'
      self.assertExists(self.in_dir(f'{dump_dir}/test.dat'))
      self.assertExists(self.in_dir(f'{dump_dir}/heap.dat'))
      self.assertExists(self.in_dir(f'{dump_dir}/nested/with space.dat'))
      stdout = read_file(self.in_dir('stdout.txt'))
      stderr = read_file(self.in_dir('stderr.txt'))
      self.assertContained('argc: 6', stdout)
      self.assertContained('argv[3]: --3', stdout)
      self.assertContained('argv[4]: escaped space', stdout)
      self.assertContained('argv[5]: with_underscore', stdout)
      self.assertContained('hello, world!', stdout)
      self.assertContained('Testing ASCII characters: !"$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~', stdout)
      self.assertContained('Testing char sequences: %20%21 &auml;', stdout)
      self.assertContained('hello, error stream!', stderr)


class browser64(browser):
  def setUp(self):
    super().setUp()
    self.set_setting('MEMORY64')
    self.require_wasm64()


class browser64_4gb(browser):
  def setUp(self):
    super().setUp()
    self.set_setting('MEMORY64')
    self.set_setting('INITIAL_MEMORY', '4200mb')
    self.set_setting('GLOBAL_BASE', '4gb')
    # Without this we get a warning about GLOBAL_BASE being ignored when used with SIDE_MODULE
    self.cflags.append('-Wno-unused-command-line-argument')
    self.require_wasm64()


class browser64_2gb(browser):
  def setUp(self):
    super().setUp()
    self.set_setting('MEMORY64')
    self.set_setting('INITIAL_MEMORY', '2200mb')
    self.set_setting('GLOBAL_BASE', '2gb')
    # Without this we get a warning about GLOBAL_BASE being ignored when used with SIDE_MODULE
    self.cflags.append('-Wno-unused-command-line-argument')
    self.require_wasm64()


class browser_2gb(browser):
  def setUp(self):
    super().setUp()
    self.set_setting('INITIAL_MEMORY', '2200mb')
    self.set_setting('GLOBAL_BASE', '2gb')
    # Without this we get a warning about GLOBAL_BASE being ignored when used with SIDE_MODULE
    self.cflags.append('-Wno-unused-command-line-argument')