Set-theoretic types: representation of all data types

[josevalim]

The goal is to represent all data types within types:

• Non-divisible types (integer, floats, pids, etc)
• Binaries
  • Unit tracking
  • bit_size vs byte_size in guards
• Dynamic
• Atoms
• Maps
  • Domain key-types
  • map_fetch
  • map_put
  • map_delete
  • map_to_list
  • map update syntax
• Tuples
  • tuple_fetch
  • tuple_insert
  • tuple_delete
  • tuple_values
• Lists
  • list_hd
  • list_tl
• Functions
  • Alternative representation
  • Validate static_arrows == []
  • fun_apply(dynamic(fun([integer()], integer())), [none()])
  • apply/2 and fun.(args...)
  • fn ... -> ... end (expr)
  • Strong capture (expr)
  • Inferred capture (expr)
  • Unions of closures / empty applications
  • Pretty printing

See #14558 and #13881.