|
49 | 49 | - Use chuckguard whenever possible. |
50 | 50 |
|
51 | 51 | ## Anatomy of the lathe |
52 | | -- Headstock is where the part is turned from. |
| 52 | +- Headstock |
53 | 53 | - Camlocks which secure the chuck are on the smaller diameter of the chuck. |
54 | 54 | - Jaw sockets which secure the workpiece are on the larger diameter. |
55 | 55 | - Chuckguard can be lowered to provide protection during cuts. |
56 | | -- Carriage is the portion which moves when you turn the big wheel. It moves parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece. |
| 56 | +- Carriage |
57 | 57 | - The cross slide is mounted on the carriage, and moves radially in and out from the workpiece. |
58 | 58 | - The compound slide is mounted on the cross slide and can be used for fine control cuts, or rotated to cut tapers into the workpiece or bore the centre. |
59 | 59 | - The toolpost is mounted on the compound slide. |
60 | | -- Tailstock is the piece at the far end, and can be used for securing work or for drilling. |
| 60 | +- Tailstock |
61 | 61 | - The big lever locks the tailstock in current position. |
62 | 62 | - The small lever locks tool in tailstock. |
63 | 63 | - Barrel has imperial and metric measurements. |
64 | | -- Alterable measurements are available on cross slide, compound slide, and tailstock wheels. |
| 64 | +- Wheel scales |
65 | 65 | - Cross slide is gradated in 1/100ths of a revolution. One revolution is approximately 5mm or 1/5th of an inch. |
66 | 66 | - Compound slide is gradated in 1/20tghs of a revolution. One revolution is approximately 2mm or 1/12th of an inch. |
67 | 67 | - To zero the rings, firmly grasp the wheel and turn ring. |
68 | | -- Autofeed knobs |
| 68 | +- Power feed controls |
69 | 69 | - In/out knob in centre - innermost position moves cross slide, middle disengages both, outermost moved carriage. |
70 | 70 | - Lever on face of carriage engages (when up) and disengages (when down). |
71 | 71 | - Lever to left of carriage should always be down. |
72 | | -- Fwd/reverse knob |
73 | | - - This changes feed direction. It should be turned as far clockwise as possible during startup checks, and not touched again. |
74 | | -- Thread-cutting |
75 | | - - These should not be touched. |
76 | | - - Big leadscrew is for threadcutting and will mess with power feed if engaged. Collar on left end should be pulled to right. |
77 | 72 | - Gear levers |
78 | 73 | - When in gear, the levers should clearly pop up. |
79 | 74 | - Left top lever requires an extra shove to the outside when it pops up to ensure it's engaged in the outer position. |
80 | 75 | - Foot brake |
81 | 76 | - Mechanically brakes spindle. |
| 77 | +- Feed direction knob |
| 78 | + It should be turned as far clockwise as possible during startup checks, and not touched again. |
| 79 | + Thread-cutting gearbox |
| 80 | + - These should not be touched. |
| 81 | + - Big leadscrew is for threadcutting and will mess with power feed if engaged. Collar on left end should be pulled to right. |
82 | 82 |
|
83 | 83 | ## Materials |
84 | | -- Plastics can generally be turned safely. |
85 | | -- Aluminium, brass, copper, and soft steels are fine. |
86 | | -- Wood should not be turned. |
87 | | -- Carbon fibre must not be turned. Fibreglass should not be turned without a dust-and-vapour respirator, ventilation, and ensuring the sole use of the workshop. |
88 | | -- Flammable metals (titanium, magnesium, et al) must be turned at the lowest appropriate speed with coolant, and all dust and swarf should be removed immediately. |
| 84 | + - Plastics can generally be turned safely. |
| 85 | + - Aluminium, brass, copper, and soft steels are fine. |
| 86 | + - Flammable metals (titanium, magnesium, et al) must be turned at the lowest appropriate speed with coolant, and all dust and swarf should be removed immediately. |
| 87 | +### Not to be turned |
| 88 | + - Wood |
| 89 | + - Carbon fibre |
| 90 | + |
89 | 91 |
|
90 | 92 |
|
91 | 93 | ## Startup checks |
92 | 94 | ### Lathe and surrounding area cleared of obstacles. |
93 | | -- Tray should be cleared of swarf and debris. |
94 | | -- Carriage should be clear. |
95 | | -- Floor around tool should be clear. |
96 | | -- Tools should be secured. |
97 | | -- Chuck camlocks should be checked for tightness. |
98 | | -- Axes should be checked for free movement. |
| 95 | + - Tray should be cleared of swarf and debris. |
| 96 | + - Carriage should be clear. |
| 97 | + - Floor around tool should be clear. |
| 98 | + - Tools should be secured. |
| 99 | + - Chuck camlocks should be checked for tightness. |
| 100 | + - Axes should be checked for free movement. |
99 | 101 |
|
100 | 102 | ### Machine has sufficient oil. |
101 | 103 |
|
102 | 104 | ### Other workshop users alerted that lathe is in use. |
103 | 105 |
|
104 | 106 | ### Workpiece is secured in chuck and all jaws are tight. |
105 | | -- The part of the workpiece protruding from the chuck should be as short as possible. |
106 | | -- The workpiece should be supported on one or both ends as necessary. |
107 | | -- The three-jaw chuck should be used for round workpieces. The four-jaw chuck should be used for all other shapes. |
108 | | -- All chuck jaw sockets should be tightened. |
| 107 | + - The part of the workpiece protruding from the chuck should be as short as possible. |
| 108 | + - The workpiece should be supported on one or both ends as necessary. |
| 109 | + - The three-jaw chuck should be used for round workpieces. The four-jaw chuck should be used for all other shapes. |
| 110 | + - All chuck jaw sockets should be tightened. |
109 | 111 |
|
110 | 112 | ### The key is removed from the chuck and safely stored and the chuckguard is down. |
111 | 113 |
|
112 | 114 | ### Machine is in correct gear. |
113 | | -- The speed figures are not actually correct, but they are correct relative to each other. |
114 | | -- The gear should only ever be changed when the VFD is turned off and the lathe is stationary. |
115 | | -- Once a gear is selected, the chuck should be manually rotated a full turn to ensure smooth movement. This may not be possible in lower gears. |
| 115 | + - The speed figures are not actually correct, but they are correct relative to each other. |
| 116 | + - The gear should only ever be changed when the VFD is turned off and the lathe is stationary. |
| 117 | + - Once a gear is selected, the chuck should be manually rotated a full turn to ensure smooth movement. This may not be possible in lower gears. |
116 | 118 |
|
117 | 119 | ### Compound slide is at 0º. |
118 | | -- The scale is on the circular edge, the mark is on the flat face. |
| 120 | + - The scale is on the circular edge, the mark is on the flat face. |
119 | 121 |
|
120 | 122 | ### The tailstock, carriage and tool are clear of the workpiece. |
121 | | -- If the tailstock is being used to support the workpiece, ensure the tool is secured. |
122 | | -- The tailstock should be locked in its position. |
123 | | -- Power feed and thread-cutting leadscrew should be disabled. |
| 123 | + - If the tailstock is being used to support the workpiece, ensure the tool is secured. |
| 124 | + - The tailstock should be locked in its position. |
| 125 | + - Power feed and thread-cutting leadscrew should be disabled. |
124 | 126 |
|
125 | 127 | ## Usage |
126 | 128 |
|
127 | 129 | ### Starting the machine |
128 | | -- Check lathe is in gear and rotate headstock. This may not be possible in lower gears. |
129 | | -- Disengage the emergency stop. |
130 | | -- Press the red stop button on the lathe. |
131 | | -- Press the green start button next to the VFD and wait for the tool controller to turn on. |
132 | | -- Tap in. |
133 | | -- Ensure chuck key is stored. |
134 | | -- Lower chuckguard. |
135 | | -- Ensure tool is secured to toolpost. |
136 | | -- Ensure carriage is away from part. Ensure power feed and threading leadscrew are disengaged. |
137 | | -- Ensure tailstock is locked in position. |
138 | | -- Press "Fwd." |
139 | | -- Keep foot on or near footbrake at all times. |
| 130 | + - Check lathe is in gear and rotate headstock. This may not be possible in lower gears. |
| 131 | + - Disengage the emergency stop. |
| 132 | + - Press the red stop button on the lathe. |
| 133 | + - Press the green start button next to the VFD and wait for the tool controller to turn on. |
| 134 | + - Tap in. |
| 135 | + - Ensure chuck key is stored. |
| 136 | + - Lower chuckguard. |
| 137 | + - Ensure tool is secured to toolpost. |
| 138 | + - Ensure carriage is away from part. Ensure power feed and threading leadscrew are disengaged. |
| 139 | + - Ensure tailstock is locked in position. |
| 140 | + - Press "Fwd." |
| 141 | + - Keep foot on or near footbrake at all times. |
140 | 142 |
|
141 | 143 | ### Stopping the machine |
142 | | -- Press the red stop button on the lathe. |
143 | | -- Press the e-stop. |
144 | | -- Press the red button next to the VFD or log out. |
| 144 | + - Press the red stop button on the lathe. |
| 145 | + - Press the e-stop. |
| 146 | + - Press the red button next to the VFD or log out. |
145 | 147 |
|
146 | 148 | ### Loading and Unloading Tools to Toolpost |
147 | | -- Turn lathe off and allow chuck to stop completely. |
148 | | -- Ensure new tool is intact and sharp. |
149 | | - - The parting tool can be sharpened using the "steel only" wheel on the bench grinder. It should be kept cool via water immersion and short presses against the wheel. |
150 | | - - Diamond cutters can sustain chips and damage. These should be replaced. If the supply of fresh cutters is running low, contact tools@edinburghhacklab.com. |
151 | | -- Lock toolholder to toolpost (or to tailstock, if drilling or tapping). |
152 | | -- Verify height of tool |
153 | | - - Cutting surface should be at or just below centre of workpiece. |
154 | | - - Can verify by closing chuck completely and bringing tool to centre. |
155 | | - - Can verify by installing live centre in tailstock and checking cutting surface is aligned with tip. |
156 | | - - Adjust height with disc on toolholder if need be. |
| 149 | + - Turn lathe off and allow chuck to stop completely. |
| 150 | + - Ensure new tool is intact and sharp. |
| 151 | + - The parting tool can be sharpened using the "steel only" wheel on the bench grinder. It should be kept cool via water immersion and short presses against the wheel. |
| 152 | + - Diamond cutters can sustain chips and damage. These should be replaced. If the supply of fresh cutters is running low, contact tools@edinburghhacklab.com. |
| 153 | + - Lock toolholder to toolpost (or to tailstock, if drilling or tapping). |
| 154 | + - Verify height of tool |
| 155 | + - Cutting surface should be at or just below centre of workpiece. |
| 156 | + - Can verify by closing chuck completely and bringing tool to centre. |
| 157 | + - Can verify by installing live centre in tailstock and checking cutting surface is aligned with tip. |
| 158 | + - Adjust height with disc on toolholder if need be. |
157 | 159 |
|
158 | 160 | ### Facing |
159 | | -- Load diamond cutter to toolpost. Ensure power feed is disabled and turn on lathe. |
160 | | -- Move carriage until cutting edge is approx 1mm to the right of the face. |
161 | | -- Move cross slide until cutting edge of tool is within diameter of workpiece by approx 1mm. |
162 | | -- Turn the compound slide wheel clockwise to bring cutting edge of tool into contact with the part. Listen for sounds of contact. Zero compound slide scale. |
163 | | -- Slowly wind cross slide clockwise to just past centre of piece. |
164 | | -- Wind one turn counterclockwise on compound slide. Wind counterclockwise on cross slide until tool is withdrawn to within 1mm of diameter of part. |
165 | | -- Repeat until face is completely flat. |
| 161 | + - Load diamond cutter to toolpost. Ensure power feed is disabled and turn on lathe. |
| 162 | + - Move carriage until cutting edge is approx 1mm to the right of the face. |
| 163 | + - Move cross slide until cutting edge of tool is within diameter of workpiece by approx 1mm. |
| 164 | + - Turn the compound slide wheel clockwise to bring cutting edge of tool into contact with the part. Listen for sounds of contact. Zero compound slide scale. |
| 165 | + - Slowly wind cross slide clockwise to just past centre of piece. |
| 166 | + - Wind one turn counterclockwise on compound slide. Wind counterclockwise on cross slide until tool is withdrawn to within 1mm of diameter of part. |
| 167 | + - Repeat until face is completely flat. |
166 | 168 |
|
167 | 169 | ### Turning |
168 | | -- Lock diamond cutter to toolpost. Ensure power feed is disabled and turn on lathe. |
169 | | -- Wind cross slide counterclockwise until tool is outside of part. Move carriage until tool is to the left of the face of the workpiece. |
170 | | -- Wind cross slide clockwise slowly until the tool contacts the face. Zero the cross slide scale. Wind 1 turn counterclockwise. |
171 | | -- Move carriage until tool cutting edge is approx 1mm to the right of the edge of the workpiece. Wind the cross slide 1 turn clockwise and then continue to the 10 mark. (This corresponds to 0.5mm cut depth.) |
172 | | -- Slowly move carriage to perform full length of operation. Wind the cross slide counterclockwise one turn. Repeat until desired diameter is achieved. |
| 170 | + - Lock diamond cutter to toolpost. Ensure power feed is disabled and turn on lathe. |
| 171 | + - Wind cross slide counterclockwise until tool is outside of part. Move carriage until tool is to the left of the face of the workpiece. |
| 172 | + - Wind cross slide clockwise slowly until the tool contacts the face. Zero the cross slide scale. Wind 1 turn counterclockwise. |
| 173 | + - Move carriage until tool cutting edge is approx 1mm to the right of the edge of the workpiece. Wind the cross slide 1 turn clockwise and then continue to the 10 mark. (This corresponds to 0.5mm cut depth.) |
| 174 | + - Slowly move carriage to perform full length of operation. Wind the cross slide counterclockwise one turn. Repeat until desired diameter is achieved. |
173 | 175 |
|
174 | 176 | ### Parting |
175 | | -- Lock parting tool to toolpost. Adjust the workpiece in the chuck until the parting point is close to the jaws. |
176 | | -- Ensure power feed is disabled and turn on the lathe. |
177 | | -- Move the carriage until the right edge of the parting tool is approximately aligned with the left end of the part. Use the compound slide to adjust to within 0.5mm. |
178 | | -- Very slowly, move the tool in until the part falls free of the stock. Do not attempt to catch it. |
179 | | -- Power off the VFD and retrieve the part. |
| 177 | + - Lock parting tool to toolpost. Adjust the workpiece in the chuck until the parting point is close to the jaws. |
| 178 | + - Ensure power feed is disabled and turn on the lathe. |
| 179 | + - Move the carriage until the right edge of the parting tool is approximately aligned with the left end of the part. Use the compound slide to adjust to within 0.5mm. |
| 180 | + - Very slowly, move the tool in until the part falls free of the stock. Do not attempt to catch it. |
| 181 | + - Power off the VFD and retrieve the part. |
180 | 182 |
|
181 | 183 | ### Using power feed |
182 | 184 | #### Before use |
183 | | -- Turn off the lathe. |
184 | | -- Push the lever on the left face of the carriage down. |
185 | | -- Push the lever on the front face of the carriage down. |
| 185 | + - Push the lever on the left face of the carriage down to disengage the threadcutting leadscrew. |
| 186 | + - Push the lever on the front face of the carriage down to disengage power feed. |
186 | 187 | #### Cross feed |
187 | | -- Press the three-position knob on the face of the carriage in, turning the carriage and cross slide wheels if necessary. |
188 | | -- Turn on the lathe. |
189 | | -- Pull the lever on the front face of the carriage up. |
| 188 | + - Press the three-position knob on the face of the carriage in, turning the carriage and cross slide wheels if necessary. |
| 189 | + - Pull the lever on the front face of the carriage up. |
190 | 190 | #### Carriage feed |
191 | | -- Ensure the lever on the left face of the carriage is positioned down and the lever on the front face of the carriage is pressed down. |
192 | | -- If using, position the feed stop and tighten down. Test with the tool positioned away from the workpiece. |
193 | | -- Pull the three-position knob out, turning the carriage wheel if necessary. |
194 | | -- Turn on the lathe and pull the lever on the front face of the carriage up. |
| 191 | + - If using, position the feed stop and tighten down. Test with the tool positioned away from the workpiece. |
| 192 | + - Pull the three-position knob out, turning the carriage wheel if necessary. |
| 193 | + - Pull the lever on the front face of the carriage up. |
195 | 194 | #### After use |
196 | | -- Turn off the lathe. |
197 | | -- Push the lever on the carriage face down to disable. |
198 | | -- Move the three-position knob to the middle setting. |
199 | | -- If used, loosen the feed stop and move the far left. |
| 195 | + - Push the lever on the carriage face down to disable. |
| 196 | + - Move the three-position knob to the middle setting. |
| 197 | + - If used, loosen the feed stop and move the far left. |
| 198 | + |
| 199 | +### Changing chuck |
| 200 | + - Place wood beneath chuck to protect metal of lathe. |
| 201 | + - On each chuck camlock, align the line on the socket with line on the body. |
| 202 | + - Carefully lift chuck off. |
| 203 | + - Load new chuck and tighten each socket in turn. |
| 204 | + - Perform second tighten on each socket. |
| 205 | + - Remove wood. |
200 | 206 |
|
201 | 207 | ### Cleaning up |
202 | | -- Swarf must be cleared using the shop vac or a dustpan and brush. |
203 | | -- If coolant was used, any collected in the tray should be wiped up. |
204 | | -- The carriage, tray, and motor enclosure should be cleared of debris and other items. |
205 | | - |
206 | | -### Changing Chuck |
207 | | -- Place wood beneath chuck to protect metal of lathe. |
208 | | -- On each chuck camlock, align the line on the socket with line on the body. |
209 | | -- Carefully lift chuck off. |
210 | | -- Load new chuck and tighten each socket in turn. |
211 | | -- Perform second tighten on each socket. |
212 | | -- Remove wood. |
| 208 | + - Swarf must be cleared using the shop vac or a dustpan and brush. |
| 209 | + - If coolant was used, any collected in the tray should be wiped up. |
| 210 | + - The carriage, tray, and motor enclosure should be cleared of debris and other items. |
213 | 211 |
|
214 | 212 | ## Maintenance |
215 | | -- If there are any issues, contact tools@edinburghhacklab.com or one of the admins of the Lathe access group to report them. These may include clicking or grinding noises. |
| 213 | + - If there are any issues, contact tools@edinburghhacklab.com or one of the admins of the Lathe access group to report them. These may include clicking or grinding noises. |
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