diff --git a/src/coreclr/jit/rangecheck.h b/src/coreclr/jit/rangecheck.h
index a722fa4bf06c09..70943ae69439a2 100644
--- a/src/coreclr/jit/rangecheck.h
+++ b/src/coreclr/jit/rangecheck.h
@@ -326,6 +326,16 @@ struct RangeOps
 
     static Range Add(const Range& r1, const Range& r2, bool unsignedAdd = false)
     {
+        if (unsignedAdd &&
+            ((r1.IsConstantRange() && (r1.LowerLimit().GetConstant() < 0) &&
+              (r1.UpperLimit().GetConstant() >= 0)) ||
+             (r2.IsConstantRange() && (r2.LowerLimit().GetConstant() < 0) &&
+              (r2.UpperLimit().GetConstant() >= 0))))
+        {
+            // Signed intervals that straddle zero are not monotonic when interpreted as unsigned.
+            return Limit(Limit::keUnknown);
+        }
+
         return ApplyRangeOp(r1, r2, [unsignedAdd](const Limit& a, const Limit& b) {
             // For Add we support:
             //   keConstant + keConstant  => keConstant
@@ -340,7 +350,9 @@ struct RangeOps
                 }
 
                 static_assert(CheckedOps::Unsigned == true);
-                if (!CheckedOps::AddOverflows(a.GetConstant(), b.GetConstant(), unsignedAdd))
+                if (!CheckedOps::AddOverflows(a.GetConstant(), b.GetConstant(), unsignedAdd) &&
+                    (!unsignedAdd ||
+                     !CheckedOps::AddOverflows(a.GetConstant(), b.GetConstant(), CheckedOps::Signed)))
                 {
                     if (a.IsConstant() && b.IsConstant())
                     {
diff --git a/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_130431/Runtime_130431.cs b/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_130431/Runtime_130431.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..10e0d368629bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/JIT/Regression/JitBlue/Runtime_130431/Runtime_130431.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using Xunit;
+
+public class Runtime_130431
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public static void TestEntryPoint()
+    {
+        Assert.Throws<OverflowException>(() => Add(1, uint.MaxValue));
+        Assert.Throws<OverflowException>(() => AddWithSignStraddlingRange(uint.MaxValue, 1));
+    }
+
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
+    private static uint Add(uint x, uint y)
+    {
+        uint result = checked(y + unchecked((byte)x));
+
+        if (x == 0)
+        {
+            return result + 1;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining | MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)]
+    private static uint AddWithSignStraddlingRange(uint x, uint y)
+    {
+        if (((int)x > 0) || (y > 1))
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return checked(x + y);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/tests/JIT/Regression/Regression_ro_2.csproj b/src/tests/JIT/Regression/Regression_ro_2.csproj
index f768233f63c9b8..4a0ed731181667 100644
--- a/src/tests/JIT/Regression/Regression_ro_2.csproj
+++ b/src/tests/JIT/Regression/Regression_ro_2.csproj
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
     <Compile Include="JitBlue\Runtime_130216\Runtime_130216.cs" />
     <Compile Include="JitBlue\Runtime_130248\Runtime_130248.cs" />
     <Compile Include="JitBlue\Runtime_130286\Runtime_130286.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="JitBlue\Runtime_130431\Runtime_130431.cs" />
     <Compile Include="JitBlue\Runtime_10337\Runtime_10337.cs" />
     <Compile Include="JitBlue\Runtime_125160\Runtime_125160.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>