diff --git a/packages/table-core/src/core/table.ts b/packages/table-core/src/core/table.ts
index 00d62da98f..f5a3bad2e7 100644
--- a/packages/table-core/src/core/table.ts
+++ b/packages/table-core/src/core/table.ts
@@ -323,6 +323,29 @@ export function createTable<TData extends RowData>(
 
   const queued: (() => void)[] = []
   let queuedTimeout = false
+  let getColumnCache = new WeakMap<
+    ColumnDef<TData, unknown>[],
+    Record<string, Column<TData, unknown>>
+  >()
+
+  const getColumnFromCache = (columnId: string) => {
+    const columnDefs = table.options.columns
+    let columnsById = getColumnCache.get(columnDefs)
+
+    if (!columnsById) {
+      columnsById = table.getAllFlatColumns().reduce(
+        (acc, column) => {
+          acc[column.id] = column
+          return acc
+        },
+        {} as Record<string, Column<TData, unknown>>
+      )
+
+      getColumnCache.set(columnDefs, columnsById)
+    }
+
+    return columnsById[columnId]
+  }
 
   const coreInstance: CoreInstance<TData> = {
     _features,
@@ -506,7 +529,7 @@ export function createTable<TData extends RowData>(
     ),
 
     getColumn: columnId => {
-      const column = table._getAllFlatColumnsById()[columnId]
+      const column = getColumnFromCache(columnId)
 
       if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !column) {
         console.error(`[Table] Column with id '${columnId}' does not exist.`)
diff --git a/packages/table-core/tests/coreTable.test.ts b/packages/table-core/tests/coreTable.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48a480ac75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/table-core/tests/coreTable.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { ColumnDef, createTable, getCoreRowModel } from '../src'
+
+type Person = {
+  firstName: string
+  lastName: string
+}
+
+describe('CoreTable', () => {
+  it('refreshes the column lookup cache when columns change without data changing', () => {
+    const data: Person[] = [{ firstName: 'Ada', lastName: 'Lovelace' }]
+    const firstNameColumns: ColumnDef<Person>[] = [
+      {
+        id: 'name',
+        accessorFn: row => row.firstName,
+      },
+    ]
+    const lastNameColumns: ColumnDef<Person>[] = [
+      {
+        id: 'name',
+        accessorFn: row => row.lastName,
+      },
+    ]
+
+    const table = createTable<Person>({
+      onStateChange() {},
+      renderFallbackValue: '',
+      data,
+      state: {},
+      columns: firstNameColumns,
+      getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
+    })
+
+    const firstColumn = table.getColumn('name')
+    const row = table.getCoreRowModel().rows[0]!
+
+    expect(row.getValue('name')).toBe('Ada')
+
+    table.setOptions(old => ({
+      ...old,
+      columns: lastNameColumns,
+    }))
+
+    expect(table.getCoreRowModel().rows[0]).toBe(row)
+    expect(table.getColumn('name')).not.toBe(firstColumn)
+    expect(row.getValue('name')).toBe('Lovelace')
+  })
+})