databricks
diff --git a/‎pyproject.toml‎
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diff --git a/‎src/databricks/sql/backend/kernel/__init__.py‎
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diff --git a/‎src/databricks/sql/backend/kernel/_errors.py‎
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diff --git a/‎src/databricks/sql/backend/kernel/auth_bridge.py‎
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@@ -36,6 +36,20 @@ requests-kerberos = {version = "^0.15.0", optional = true}
 
 [tool.poetry.extras]
 pyarrow = ["pyarrow"]
+# `[kernel]` extra is intentionally not declared here yet.
+# `databricks-sql-kernel` is built from the databricks-sql-kernel
+# repo and not yet published to PyPI; declaring it as a poetry dep
+# breaks `poetry lock` for every CI job. Once the wheel is on PyPI
+# the extra will be added back here:
+#
+#     databricks-sql-kernel = {version = "^0.1.0", optional = true}
+#     [tool.poetry.extras]
+#     kernel = ["databricks-sql-kernel"]
+#
+# Until then, the wheel is not on PyPI and the only supported
+# install path is local dev:
+#     cd databricks-sql-kernel/pyo3 && maturin develop --release
+# (into the same venv as databricks-sql-connector).
 
 [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
 pytest = "^7.1.2"
 
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""Backend that delegates to the Databricks SQL Kernel (Rust) via PyO3.
+
+Routed when ``use_kernel=True`` is passed to ``databricks.sql.connect``.
+The module's identity is "delegates to the kernel" — not the wire
+protocol the kernel happens to use today (SEA REST). The kernel may
+switch its default transport (SEA REST → SEA gRPC → …) without
+renaming this module.
+
+This ``__init__`` deliberately does **not** re-export
+``KernelDatabricksClient`` from ``.client``. Importing ``.client``
+loads the ``databricks_sql_kernel`` PyO3 extension at module-import
+time; doing that eagerly here would make ``import
+databricks.sql.backend.kernel.type_mapping`` (used by tests / by
+``KernelResultSet`` consumers) require the kernel wheel even when
+the caller never plans to open a kernel-backed session. Callers
+that need the client import it directly:
+
+    from databricks.sql.backend.kernel.client import KernelDatabricksClient
+
+``session.py::_create_backend`` already does this lazy import under
+the ``use_kernel=True`` branch.
+
+See ``docs/designs/pysql-kernel-integration.md`` in
+``databricks-sql-kernel`` for the full integration design.
+"""
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""Shared error-mapping primitives for the kernel backend.
+
+The PyO3 boundary can produce two flavours of exception:
+
+- ``databricks_sql_kernel.KernelError`` — the kernel's own
+  structured error type. Carries ``code`` / ``message`` /
+  ``sql_state`` / ``query_id`` / ``http_status`` / ``retryable`` /
+  ``vendor_code`` / ``error_code`` as attributes; mapped to a PEP
+  249 exception class via ``_CODE_TO_EXCEPTION`` with the
+  attributes forwarded onto the re-raised exception so callers can
+  branch on ``err.code`` / ``err.sql_state`` without reaching
+  through ``__cause__``.
+- Anything else — ``TypeError`` / ``OverflowError`` /
+  ``ValueError`` from PyO3 argument conversion, or arbitrary
+  extension-internal Python errors. These would otherwise propagate
+  raw to connector callers, breaking the DB-API contract that says
+  "only PEP 249 exception types cross the boundary". Wrapped in
+  ``OperationalError`` here.
+
+These primitives live in their own module so both ``client.py``
+(which orchestrates PyO3 calls) and ``result_set.py`` (which calls
+``fetch_next_batch`` on the same kernel handles) can share them
+without ``result_set.py`` importing from ``client.py``.
+
+Usage at every PyO3 call site is a plain try/except:
+
+    try:
+        stmt.execute()
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise wrap_kernel_exception("execute_command", exc) from exc
+
+The helper returns the mapped exception; callers raise it. Plain
+``try/except`` is preferred over a context manager: the control
+flow is visible at the call site, the helper is a pure function
+(trivial to test), and tracebacks don't carry an extra
+``__exit__`` frame.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from databricks.sql.exc import (
+    DatabaseError,
+    Error,
+    OperationalError,
+    ProgrammingError,
+)
+
+
+try:
+    import databricks_sql_kernel as _kernel  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+except ImportError as exc:  # pragma: no cover - same hint as client.py
+    raise ImportError(
+        "use_kernel=True requires the databricks-sql-kernel extension, which "
+        "is not yet published on PyPI. Build and install it locally from the "
+        "databricks-sql-kernel repo:\n"
+        "  cd databricks-sql-kernel/pyo3 && maturin develop --release\n"
+        "(into the same venv as databricks-sql-connector)."
+    ) from exc
+
+
+# Map a kernel `code` slug to the PEP 249 exception class that best
+# captures it. The match isn't a perfect 1:1 — PEP 249 has a
+# narrower taxonomy than the kernel — so several kernel codes
+# collapse onto the same Python exception. This table is the only
+# place that mapping lives.
+_CODE_TO_EXCEPTION = {
+    "InvalidArgument": ProgrammingError,
+    "Unauthenticated": OperationalError,
+    "PermissionDenied": OperationalError,
+    "NotFound": ProgrammingError,
+    "ResourceExhausted": OperationalError,
+    "Unavailable": OperationalError,
+    "Timeout": OperationalError,
+    "Cancelled": OperationalError,
+    "DataLoss": DatabaseError,
+    "Internal": DatabaseError,
+    "InvalidStatementHandle": ProgrammingError,
+    "NetworkError": OperationalError,
+    "SqlError": DatabaseError,
+    "Unknown": DatabaseError,
+}
+
+
+def reraise_kernel_error(exc: "_kernel.KernelError") -> "Error":
+    """Convert a ``databricks_sql_kernel.KernelError`` to a PEP 249
+    exception with the kernel's structured attributes forwarded onto
+    the new instance.
+
+    The returned exception is raised by callers with ``raise ... from
+    exc``; the ``from`` clause is what sets ``__cause__``, so we don't
+    touch it here.
+    """
+    code = getattr(exc, "code", "Unknown")
+    cls = _CODE_TO_EXCEPTION.get(code, DatabaseError)
+    new = cls(getattr(exc, "message", str(exc)))
+    for attr in (
+        "code",
+        "sql_state",
+        "error_code",
+        "vendor_code",
+        "http_status",
+        "retryable",
+        "query_id",
+    ):
+        setattr(new, attr, getattr(exc, attr, None))
+    return new
+
+
+def wrap_kernel_exception(what: str, exc: BaseException) -> "Error":
+    """Map any exception from a PyO3 call site to a PEP 249 exception.
+
+    - ``KernelError`` → mapped class with structured attrs forwarded.
+    - Already-PEP-249 ``Error`` (e.g. raised by an inner caller that
+      already mapped) → passed through unchanged.
+    - Anything else (``TypeError`` / ``ValueError`` / etc. from PyO3
+      argument conversion, extension-internal errors) → wrapped in
+      ``OperationalError``.
+
+    Returned, not raised — the caller decides whether to ``raise``
+    or ``raise ... from exc``. ``what`` is a short tag (the calling
+    method name) used only in the ``OperationalError`` message.
+    """
+    if isinstance(exc, _kernel.KernelError):
+        return reraise_kernel_error(exc)
+    if isinstance(exc, Error):
+        return exc
+    return OperationalError(
+        f"Unexpected error from databricks_sql_kernel during {what}: {exc!r}"
+    )
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+"""Translate the connector's ``AuthProvider`` into ``databricks_sql_kernel``
+``Session`` auth kwargs.
+
+This phase ships PAT only. The kernel-side PyO3 binding accepts
+``auth_type='pat'``; OAuth / federation / custom credentials
+providers are reserved but not yet wired in either layer. Non-PAT
+auth raises ``NotSupportedError`` from this bridge so the failure
+surfaces at session-open time with a clear message rather than
+deep inside the kernel.
+
+Token extraction goes through ``AuthProvider.add_headers({})``
+rather than touching auth-provider-specific attributes, so the
+bridge works uniformly for every PAT shape — including
+``AccessTokenAuthProvider`` wrapped in ``TokenFederationProvider``
+(which ``get_python_sql_connector_auth_provider`` does for every
+provider it builds).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from databricks.sql.auth.authenticators import AccessTokenAuthProvider, AuthProvider
+from databricks.sql.auth.token_federation import TokenFederationProvider
+from databricks.sql.exc import NotSupportedError, ProgrammingError
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# RFC 6750 §2.1 defines the Authorization scheme as case-insensitive.
+# The connector's auth providers all emit ``Bearer `` exactly today,
+# but we match leniently in case a federation proxy or future provider
+# normalises the casing differently — failing closed here would surface
+# as a confusing ``ProgrammingError`` from the bridge.
+_BEARER_PREFIX_LEN = len("Bearer ")
+
+# Defense-in-depth: reject tokens containing ASCII control characters
+# or whitespace. CR/LF/NUL in a token would let a misbehaving HTTP
+# stack split or terminate the Authorization header line, opening a
+# header-injection sink. Space (0x20) is included so leading-/
+# embedded-whitespace tokens (e.g. ``"Bearer  doubled-space-token"``,
+# tab-prefixed token) get rejected too — RFC 6750 §2.1 forbids
+# whitespace within the credential token itself.
+_TOKEN_REJECT_RE = re.compile(r"[\x00-\x20\x7f]")
+
+
+def _is_pat(auth_provider: AuthProvider) -> bool:
+    """Return True iff this provider ultimately wraps an
+    ``AccessTokenAuthProvider``.
+
+    ``get_python_sql_connector_auth_provider`` always wraps the
+    base provider in a ``TokenFederationProvider``, so an
+    ``isinstance`` check against ``AccessTokenAuthProvider`` alone
+    never matches in practice. We peek through the federation
+    wrapper to find the real type.
+    """
+    if isinstance(auth_provider, AccessTokenAuthProvider):
+        return True
+    if isinstance(auth_provider, TokenFederationProvider) and isinstance(
+        auth_provider.external_provider, AccessTokenAuthProvider
+    ):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _extract_bearer_token(auth_provider: AuthProvider) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Pull the current bearer token out of an ``AuthProvider``.
+
+    The connector's ``AuthProvider.add_headers`` mutates a header
+    dict and writes the ``Authorization: Bearer <token>`` value.
+    Going through that public surface keeps us insulated from
+    provider-specific internals.
+
+    Returns ``None`` if the provider did not write an Authorization
+    header or wrote a non-Bearer scheme — neither is representable
+    in the kernel's PAT auth surface.
+    """
+    headers: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    auth_provider.add_headers(headers)
+    auth = headers.get("Authorization")
+    if not auth:
+        return None
+    if not auth[:_BEARER_PREFIX_LEN].lower() == "bearer ":
+        return None
+    token = auth[_BEARER_PREFIX_LEN:]
+    if _TOKEN_REJECT_RE.search(token):
+        raise ProgrammingError(
+            "Bearer token contains ASCII control characters or whitespace; "
+            "refusing to forward it to the kernel auth bridge."
+        )
+    return token
+
+
+def kernel_auth_kwargs(auth_provider: AuthProvider) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Build the kwargs passed to ``databricks_sql_kernel.Session(...)``.
+
+    PAT (including ``TokenFederationProvider``-wrapped PAT) routes
+    through the kernel's PAT path. Anything else raises
+    ``NotSupportedError`` — the kernel binding doesn't accept OAuth
+    today, and routing OAuth through PAT would silently break
+    token refresh during long-running sessions.
+    """
+    if _is_pat(auth_provider):
+        token = _extract_bearer_token(auth_provider)
+        if not token:
+            raise ProgrammingError(
+                "PAT auth provider did not produce a Bearer Authorization "
+                "header; cannot route through the kernel's PAT path"
+            )
+        return {"auth_type": "pat", "access_token": token}
+
+    raise NotSupportedError(
+        f"The kernel backend (use_kernel=True) currently only supports PAT auth, "
+        f"but got {type(auth_provider).__name__}. Use the Thrift backend "
+        "(default) for OAuth / federation / custom credential providers."
+    )