diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 0b2979f13..5f1f93ecd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-name: Tests
+name: v3 Tests
 
 on:
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ "main", "v3" ]
-    types: [ opened, synchronize, reopened ]
+    branches: [ "v3" ]
+    types: [ opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled, unlabeled ]
     paths:
       - 'src/**'
       - 'config/**'
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ on:
 
 permissions: read-all
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 env:
   GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
@@ -103,114 +107,167 @@ jobs:
         run: composer install -q --no-ansi --no-interaction --no-scripts --no-progress --prefer-dist
 
       - name: "Run PHPUnit Tests"
-        run: SPC_LIBC=glibc vendor/bin/phpunit tests/ --no-coverage
+        run: vendor/bin/phpunit tests/ --no-coverage
 
-  define-matrix:
-    if: false # TODO: enable when refactoring workflows
-    name: "Define Matrix"
+  check-gate:
+    name: "Check: need-test label"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
-      php: ${{ steps.gendef.outputs.php }}
-      os: ${{ steps.gendef.outputs.os }}
+      enabled: ${{ steps.gate.outputs.enabled }}
     steps:
-      - name: "Checkout"
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Check label
+        id: gate
+        run: |
+          LABELS='${{ toJSON(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name) }}'
+          if echo "$LABELS" | grep -q '"need-test"'; then
+            echo "enabled=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "enabled=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+
+  test-bot:
+    name: "Test Bot: analyze PR"
+    needs: check-gate
+    if: needs.check-gate.outputs.enabled == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: write
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      need_test:             ${{ steps.bot.outputs.need_test }}
+      gen_matrix_args:       ${{ steps.bot.outputs.gen_matrix_args }}
+      gen_matrix_args_tier2: ${{ steps.bot.outputs.gen_matrix_args_tier2 }}
+      php_versions:          ${{ steps.bot.outputs.php_versions }}
+      tier2:                 ${{ steps.bot.outputs.tier2 }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: "Setup PHP"
+      - name: Setup PHP
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
         with:
-          php-version: 8.4
+          php-version: '8.4'
           extensions: curl, openssl, mbstring
+          ini-values: memory_limit=-1
+          tools: composer
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: composer install -q --no-ansi --no-interaction --no-scripts --no-progress --prefer-dist --no-dev
 
-      - name: Define
-        id: gendef
+      - name: Run dev:test-bot
+        id: bot
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          PHP_VERSIONS=$(php src/globals/test-extensions.php php)
-          OS_VERSIONS=$(php src/globals/test-extensions.php os)
-          echo 'php='"$PHP_VERSIONS" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo 'os='"$OS_VERSIONS" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          BOT_JSON=$(php -d opcache.enable_cli=0 bin/spc dev:test-bot \
+            --pr=${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} \
+            --repo=${{ github.repository }} 2>/dev/null)
+
+          echo "need_test=$(echo "$BOT_JSON" | jq -r '.need_test')"                     >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "gen_matrix_args=$(echo "$BOT_JSON" | jq -r '.gen_matrix_args')"           >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "gen_matrix_args_tier2=$(echo "$BOT_JSON" | jq -r '.gen_matrix_args_tier2')" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "php_versions=$(echo "$BOT_JSON" | jq -c '.php_versions')"                 >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "tier2=$(echo "$BOT_JSON" | jq -r '.tier2')"                               >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+          COMMENT_BODY=$(echo "$BOT_JSON" | jq -r '.comment_body')
+          MARKER="<!-- spc-test-bot -->"
+
+          # Find existing bot comment id
+          EXISTING_ID=$(gh api \
+            repos/${{ github.repository }}/issues/${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}/comments \
+            --jq "[.[] | select(.body | startswith(\"$MARKER\")) | .id] | first // empty")
+
+          if [ -n "$EXISTING_ID" ]; then
+            gh api --method PATCH \
+              repos/${{ github.repository }}/issues/comments/"$EXISTING_ID" \
+              -f body="$COMMENT_BODY"
+          else
+            gh pr comment ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} \
+              --repo ${{ github.repository }} \
+              --body "$COMMENT_BODY"
+          fi
+
+  gen-matrix:
+    name: "Generate test matrix"
+    needs: test-bot
+    if: needs.test-bot.outputs.need_test == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      matrix: ${{ steps.build.outputs.matrix }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: Setup PHP
+        uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
+        with:
+          php-version: '8.4'
+          extensions: curl, openssl, mbstring
+          ini-values: memory_limit=-1
+          tools: composer
 
-  build:
-    if: false
-    name: "Build PHP Test (PHP ${{ matrix.php }} ${{ matrix.os }})"
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    needs: [define-matrix, php-cs-fixer, phpstan, phpunit]
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: composer install -q --no-ansi --no-interaction --no-scripts --no-progress --prefer-dist --no-dev
+
+      - name: Build matrix
+        id: build
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          GEN_MATRIX_ARGS:       ${{ needs.test-bot.outputs.gen_matrix_args }}
+          GEN_MATRIX_ARGS_TIER2: ${{ needs.test-bot.outputs.gen_matrix_args_tier2 }}
+          PHP_VERSIONS:          ${{ needs.test-bot.outputs.php_versions }}
+          TIER2:                 ${{ needs.test-bot.outputs.tier2 }}
+        run: |
+          # Tier1 matrix
+          MATRIX1=$(bin/spc dev:gen-ext-test-matrix $GEN_MATRIX_ARGS 2>/dev/null)
+
+          # Merge Tier2 if requested
+          if [ "$TIER2" = "true" ] && [ -n "$GEN_MATRIX_ARGS_TIER2" ]; then
+            MATRIX2=$(bin/spc dev:gen-ext-test-matrix $GEN_MATRIX_ARGS_TIER2 2>/dev/null)
+            COMBINED=$(jq -n --argjson m1 "$MATRIX1" --argjson m2 "$MATRIX2" '$m1 + $m2')
+          else
+            COMBINED=$MATRIX1
+          fi
+
+          # Expand PHP versions: cartesian product of entries × php_versions
+          FINAL=$(echo "$COMBINED" | jq --argjson versions "$PHP_VERSIONS" \
+            '[.[] | . as $entry | $versions[] | $entry + {"php-version": .}]')
+
+          echo "matrix=$(echo "$FINAL" | jq -c '{"combo": .}')" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  ext-test:
+    name: "Ext test: ${{ matrix.combo.extension }} (PHP ${{ matrix.combo.php-version }} · ${{ matrix.combo.os }}-${{ matrix.combo.arch }})"
+    needs: gen-matrix
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.combo.runner }}
     timeout-minutes: 120
     strategy:
-      matrix:
-        php: ${{ fromJSON(needs.define-matrix.outputs.php) }}
-        os: ${{ fromJSON(needs.define-matrix.outputs.os) }}
       fail-fast: false
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.gen-matrix.outputs.matrix) }}
     steps:
-      - name: "Update runner packages"
-        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu-') }}
-        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates
-
-      - name: "Checkout"
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: "Setup PHP"
+      - name: Setup PHP
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
         with:
           php-version: 8.4
-          tools: pecl, composer
           extensions: curl, openssl, mbstring
           ini-values: memory_limit=-1
+          tools: composer
         env:
           phpts: nts
 
-      - name: "Cache composer packages"
-        id: composer-cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: vendor
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-php-${{ hashFiles('**/composer.lock') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-php-
-
-      # Cache downloaded source
-      - id: cache-download
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: downloads
-          key: php-dependencies-${{ matrix.os }}
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: composer install -q --no-ansi --no-interaction --no-scripts --no-progress --prefer-dist --no-dev
 
-      - name: "Install Dependencies"
-        run: composer update -vvv --no-ansi --no-interaction --no-scripts --no-progress --prefer-dist --no-plugins
-
-      - name: "Run Build Tests (doctor)"
-        run: php src/globals/test-extensions.php doctor_cmd ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.php }}
-
-      - name: "Prepare UPX for Windows"
-        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'windows-') }}
-        run: |
-          php src/globals/test-extensions.php install_upx_cmd ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.php }}
-          echo "UPX_CMD=$(php src/globals/test-extensions.php upx)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: "Prepare UPX for Linux"
-        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu-') }}
+      - name: Build
+        env:
+          SPC_USE_SUDO: "yes"
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          php src/globals/test-extensions.php install_upx_cmd ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.php }}
-          echo "UPX_CMD=$(php src/globals/test-extensions.php upx)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: "Run Build Tests (download)"
-        run: php src/globals/test-extensions.php download_cmd ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.php }}
+          ./bin/spc doctor --auto-fix
+          ${{ matrix.combo.build-args }} --dl-with-php=${{ matrix.combo.php-version }}
 
-      - name: "Run Build Tests (build)"
-        run: php src/globals/test-extensions.php build_cmd ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.php }}
-
-      - name: "Run Build Tests (build - embed for non-windows)"
-        if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.os, 'windows-') }}
-        run: php src/globals/test-extensions.php build_embed_cmd ${{ matrix.os }} ${{ matrix.php }}
-
-      - name: "Upload logs"
-        if: ${{ always() && hashFiles('log/**') != '' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: always() && hashFiles('log/**') != ''
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: build-logs-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.php }}
+          name: logs-${{ matrix.combo.os }}-${{ matrix.combo.arch }}-${{ matrix.combo.extension }}-php${{ matrix.combo.php-version }}
           path: log
-
-#      - name: Setup tmate session
-#        if: ${{ failure() }}
-#        uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3
diff --git a/config/artifact/ncurses.yml b/config/artifact/ncurses.yml
index 52c8f59ff..173d4c326 100644
--- a/config/artifact/ncurses.yml
+++ b/config/artifact/ncurses.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ncurses:
-  binary: hosted
   metadata:
     license-files:
       - COPYING
diff --git a/config/pkg/ext/builtin-extensions.yml b/config/pkg/ext/builtin-extensions.yml
index 52478e2c3..750745cba 100644
--- a/config/pkg/ext/builtin-extensions.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/ext/builtin-extensions.yml
@@ -348,6 +348,7 @@ ext-xmlreader:
   type: php-extension
   depends:
     - ext-xml
+    - ext-dom
   php-extension:
     arg-type: enable
     build-with-php: true
diff --git a/config/pkg/ext/ext-ds.yml b/config/pkg/ext/ext-ds.yml
index 0c0a4b3c4..779582574 100644
--- a/config/pkg/ext/ext-ds.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/ext/ext-ds.yml
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ ext-ds:
   type: php-extension
   artifact:
     source:
-      type: pecl
-      name: ds
+      type: git
+      url: 'https://github.com/php-ds/ext-ds.git'
+      rev: master
+      extract: php-src/ext/ds
     metadata:
       license-files: [LICENSE]
       license: MIT
diff --git a/config/pkg/ext/ext-swow.yml b/config/pkg/ext/ext-swow.yml
index 11592cd0b..eb25bc815 100644
--- a/config/pkg/ext/ext-swow.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/ext/ext-swow.yml
@@ -9,10 +9,5 @@ ext-swow:
     metadata:
       license: Apache-2.0
       license-files: [LICENSE]
-  suggests:
-    - openssl
-    - curl
-    - ext-openssl
-    - ext-curl
   php-extension:
     arg-type: custom
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/brotli.yml b/config/pkg/lib/brotli.yml
index c88b93b5a..19c7981d3 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/brotli.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/brotli.yml
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ brotli:
       type: ghtagtar
       repo: google/brotli
       match: 'v1\.\d.*'
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [LICENSE]
       license: MIT
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/bzip2.yml b/config/pkg/lib/bzip2.yml
index f9e1870d8..e4e98363a 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/bzip2.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/bzip2.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ bzip2:
       type: filelist
       url: 'https://sourceware.org/pub/bzip2/'
       regex: '/href="(?<file>bzip2-(?<version>[^"]+)\.tar\.gz)"/'
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: ['@/bzip2.txt']
       license: bzip2-1.0.6
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/glfw.yml b/config/pkg/lib/glfw.yml
index f7d015492..7bd46e4a8 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/glfw.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/glfw.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 glfw:
   type: library
   artifact: glfw
+  frameworks:
+    - Cocoa
+    - CoreFoundation
+    - CoreVideo
+    - IOKit
+    - QuartzCore
   headers:
     - GLFW/glfw3.h
     - GLFW/glfw3native.h
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/libcares.yml b/config/pkg/lib/libcares.yml
index 5d3f8c9d1..a2eb9e80b 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/libcares.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/libcares.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ libcares:
       type: filelist
       url: 'https://c-ares.org/download/'
       regex: '/href="\/download\/(?<file>c-ares-(?<version>[^"]+)\.tar\.gz)"/'
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [LICENSE.md]
   headers@unix:
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/libedit.yml b/config/pkg/lib/libedit.yml
index 02d6dd810..0f1ed78b7 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/libedit.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/libedit.yml
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ libedit:
       type: filelist
       url: 'https://thrysoee.dk/editline/'
       regex: '/href="(?<file>libedit-(?<version>[^"]+)\.tar\.gz)"/'
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [COPYING]
       license: BSD-3-Clause
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/libiconv.yml b/config/pkg/lib/libiconv.yml
index 7fc3bddad..58cd77b08 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/libiconv.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/libiconv.yml
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ libiconv:
       type: filelist
       url: 'https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/'
       regex: '/href="(?<file>libiconv-(?<version>[^"]+)\.tar\.gz)"/'
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [COPYING.LIB]
       license: LGPL-2.0-or-later
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/libpng.yml b/config/pkg/lib/libpng.yml
index 083cf430a..a58bdfa5f 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/libpng.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/libpng.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ libpng:
       repo: pnggroup/libpng
       match: v1\.6\.\d+
       query: '?per_page=150'
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [LICENSE]
       license: PNG
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/libsodium.yml b/config/pkg/lib/libsodium.yml
index 4bd41363b..9497381ba 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/libsodium.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/libsodium.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ libsodium:
       repo: jedisct1/libsodium
       match: 'libsodium-(?!1\.0\.21)\d+(\.\d+)*\.tar\.gz'
       prefer-stable: true
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [LICENSE]
   pkg-configs:
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/libssh2.yml b/config/pkg/lib/libssh2.yml
index 2916e3a9c..724474162 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/libssh2.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/libssh2.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ libssh2:
       repo: libssh2/libssh2
       match: libssh2.+\.tar\.gz
       prefer-stable: true
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [COPYING]
       license: BSD-3-Clause
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/libunistring.yml b/config/pkg/lib/libunistring.yml
index 2b2ffd334..13a66d42e 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/libunistring.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/libunistring.yml
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ libunistring:
       type: filelist
       url: 'https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libunistring/'
       regex: '/href="(?<file>libunistring-(?<version>[^"]+)\.tar\.gz)"/'
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [COPYING.LIB]
       license: LGPL-3.0-or-later
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/openssl.yml b/config/pkg/lib/openssl.yml
index f526725b6..cbbd0984c 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/openssl.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/openssl.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ openssl:
       type: filelist
       url: 'https://www.openssl.org/source/'
       regex: '/href="(?<file>openssl-(?<version>3\.[^"]+)\.tar\.gz)"/'
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [LICENSE.txt]
       license: OpenSSL
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/xz.yml b/config/pkg/lib/xz.yml
index 3be1815d8..04b931840 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/xz.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/xz.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ xz:
       repo: tukaani-project/xz
       match: xz.+\.tar\.xz
       prefer-stable: true
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: [COPYING]
       license: 0BSD
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/zlib.yml b/config/pkg/lib/zlib.yml
index b4e71364e..3ab591805 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/zlib.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/zlib.yml
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ zlib:
       type: ghrel
       repo: madler/zlib
       match: zlib.+\.tar\.gz
-    binary: hosted
     metadata:
       license-files: ['@/zlib.txt']
       license: Zlib-Custom
diff --git a/config/pkg/lib/zstd.yml b/config/pkg/lib/zstd.yml
index c1d15cf6e..be0061617 100644
--- a/config/pkg/lib/zstd.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/lib/zstd.yml
@@ -19,3 +19,4 @@ zstd:
     - libzstd.a
   static-libs@windows:
     - zstd.lib
+    - libzstd.lib
diff --git a/config/pkg/target/curl.yml b/config/pkg/target/curl.yml
index 78064510c..8140bf728 100644
--- a/config/pkg/target/curl.yml
+++ b/config/pkg/target/curl.yml
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ curl:
     - zlib
     - libssh2
     - nghttp2
+    - brotli
+    - zstd
   suggests@unix:
     - libssh2
     - brotli
@@ -27,9 +29,6 @@ curl:
     - ldap
     - idn2
     - krb5
-  suggests@windows:
-    - brotli
-    - zstd
   frameworks:
     - CoreFoundation
     - CoreServices
diff --git a/docs/en/guide/cli-reference.md b/docs/en/guide/cli-reference.md
index a02c6ec53..5a162f97a 100644
--- a/docs/en/guide/cli-reference.md
+++ b/docs/en/guide/cli-reference.md
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ spc download [artifacts] [options]
 | `--binary-only`                 |       | Only download binary artifacts                        |
 | `--parallel=<n>`                | `-P`  | Number of parallel downloads (default: `1`)           |
 | `--retry=<n>`                   | `-R`  | Number of retries on failure (default: `0`)           |
-| `--ignore-cache=<list>`         |       | Force re-download the specified artifacts             |
+| `--ignore-cache=<list>`         | `-i`  | Force re-download the specified artifacts             |
 | `--no-alt`                      |       | Do not use alternative mirror URLs                    |
 | `--no-shallow-clone`            |       | Do not clone git repositories shallowly               |
 | `--custom-url=<src:url>`        | `-U`  | Override the download URL for a source                |
diff --git a/docs/zh/guide/cli-reference.md b/docs/zh/guide/cli-reference.md
index 961e0affa..7c0d5d33a 100644
--- a/docs/zh/guide/cli-reference.md
+++ b/docs/zh/guide/cli-reference.md
@@ -22,23 +22,23 @@ spc download [artifacts] [options]
 
 ### 选项
 
-| 选项 | 缩写 | 说明 |
-|---|---|---|
+| 选项 | 缩写   | 说明 |
+|---|------|---|
 | `--for-extensions=<list>` | `-e` | 按扩展名下载其所需的制品 |
 | `--for-libs=<list>` | `-l` | 按库名下载其所需的制品 |
-| `--for-packages=<list>` | | 按包名下载其所需的制品 |
-| `--without-suggests` | | 使用 `--for-extensions` 时跳过建议包 |
-| `--clean` | | 下载前删除旧的下载缓存 |
-| `--with-php=<ver>` | | PHP 版本，格式为 `major.minor`（默认 `8.4`）|
+| `--for-packages=<list>` |      | 按包名下载其所需的制品 |
+| `--without-suggests` |      | 使用 `--for-extensions` 时跳过建议包 |
+| `--clean` |      | 下载前删除旧的下载缓存 |
+| `--with-php=<ver>` |      | PHP 版本，格式为 `major.minor`（默认 `8.4`）|
 | `--prefer-binary` | `-p` | 优先使用预编译二进制 |
-| `--prefer-source` | | 优先使用源码包 |
-| `--source-only` | | 仅下载源码制品 |
-| `--binary-only` | | 仅下载二进制制品 |
+| `--prefer-source` |      | 优先使用源码包 |
+| `--source-only` |      | 仅下载源码制品 |
+| `--binary-only` |      | 仅下载二进制制品 |
 | `--parallel=<n>` | `-P` | 并行下载数（默认 `1`）|
 | `--retry=<n>` | `-R` | 失败重试次数（默认 `0`）|
-| `--ignore-cache=<list>` | | 强制重新下载指定制品 |
-| `--no-alt` | | 不使用镜像站 |
-| `--no-shallow-clone` | | 不使用浅层克隆 |
+| `--ignore-cache=<list>` | `-i` | 强制重新下载指定制品 |
+| `--no-alt` |      | 不使用镜像站 |
+| `--no-shallow-clone` |      | 不使用浅层克隆 |
 | `--custom-url=<src:url>` | `-U` | 覆盖指定源的下载地址 |
 | `--custom-git=<src:branch:url>` | `-G` | 覆盖为自定义 git 仓库 |
 | `--custom-local=<src:path>` | `-L` | 使用本地路径作为制品来源 |
diff --git a/src/Package/Artifact/go_win.php b/src/Package/Artifact/go_win.php
index 44cf61b96..e06e615ab 100644
--- a/src/Package/Artifact/go_win.php
+++ b/src/Package/Artifact/go_win.php
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ public function downBinary(ArtifactDownloader $downloader): DownloadResult
         $pkgroot = PKG_ROOT_PATH;
 
         // get version
-        [$version] = explode("\n", default_shell()->executeCurl('https://go.dev/VERSION?m=text') ?: '');
+        [$version] = explode("\n", default_shell()->executeCurl('https://go.dev/VERSION?m=text', retries: $downloader->getRetry()) ?: '');
         if ($version === '') {
             throw new DownloaderException('Failed to get latest Go version from https://go.dev/VERSION?m=text');
         }
 
         // find SHA256 hash from download page
-        $page = default_shell()->executeCurl('https://go.dev/dl/');
+        $page = default_shell()->executeCurl('https://go.dev/dl/', retries: $downloader->getRetry());
         if ($page === '' || $page === false) {
             throw new DownloaderException('Failed to get Go download page from https://go.dev/dl/');
         }
diff --git a/src/Package/Artifact/go_xcaddy.php b/src/Package/Artifact/go_xcaddy.php
index ca61bd465..51ccfb87b 100644
--- a/src/Package/Artifact/go_xcaddy.php
+++ b/src/Package/Artifact/go_xcaddy.php
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ public function downBinary(ArtifactDownloader $downloader): DownloadResult
         };
 
         // get version and hash
-        [$version] = explode("\n", default_shell()->executeCurl('https://go.dev/VERSION?m=text') ?: '');
+        [$version] = explode("\n", default_shell()->executeCurl('https://go.dev/VERSION?m=text', retries: $downloader->getRetry()) ?: '');
         if ($version === '') {
             throw new DownloaderException('Failed to get latest Go version from https://go.dev/VERSION?m=text');
         }
-        $page = default_shell()->executeCurl('https://go.dev/dl/');
+        $page = default_shell()->executeCurl('https://go.dev/dl/', retries: $downloader->getRetry());
         if ($page === '' || $page === false) {
             throw new DownloaderException('Failed to get Go download page from https://go.dev/dl/');
         }
diff --git a/src/Package/Extension/imap.php b/src/Package/Extension/imap.php
index e9879b48b..df53cfe70 100644
--- a/src/Package/Extension/imap.php
+++ b/src/Package/Extension/imap.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 use StaticPHP\Attribute\Package\CustomPhpConfigureArg;
 use StaticPHP\Attribute\Package\Extension;
 use StaticPHP\Attribute\Package\Validate;
+use StaticPHP\Attribute\PatchDescription;
 use StaticPHP\Exception\WrongUsageException;
 use StaticPHP\Package\PackageBuilder;
 use StaticPHP\Package\PackageInstaller;
@@ -26,6 +27,19 @@ public function validate(PackageBuilder $builder): void
         }
     }
 
+    #[BeforeStage('php', [php::class, 'makeCliForUnix'], 'ext-imap')]
+    #[PatchDescription('Fix imap zend_zval_value_name() call for PHP 8.2 compatibility')]
+    public function patchBeforeMake(): void
+    {
+        // zend_zval_value_name() was introduced in PHP 8.3; PHP 8.2 imap backported the call but not the declaration
+        // replace with the equivalent PHP 8.2-compatible function
+        FileSystem::replaceFileStr(
+            "{$this->getSourceDir()}/php_imap.c",
+            'zend_zval_value_name(data)',
+            'zend_zval_type_name(data)'
+        );
+    }
+
     #[BeforeStage('php', [php::class, 'buildconfForUnix'], 'ext-imap')]
     public function patchBeforeBuildconf(PackageInstaller $installer): void
     {
diff --git a/src/Package/Extension/intl.php b/src/Package/Extension/intl.php
index f5e17c1fe..dd7d3ffd9 100644
--- a/src/Package/Extension/intl.php
+++ b/src/Package/Extension/intl.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 class intl extends PhpExtensionPackage
 {
     #[BeforeStage('php', [php::class, 'buildconfForWindows'], 'ext-intl')]
-    #[PatchDescription('Fix intl config.w32: replace hardcoded true with PHP_INTL_SHARED for static build support')]
+    #[PatchDescription('Fix intl config.w32: replace hardcoded true with PHP_INTL_SHARED for static build support; add /std:c++17 required by ICU 73+')]
     public function patchBeforeBuildconfForWindows(PackageInstaller $installer): void
     {
         $php_src = $installer->getTargetPackage('php')->getSourceDir();
@@ -25,5 +25,11 @@ public function patchBeforeBuildconfForWindows(PackageInstaller $installer): voi
             'EXTENSION("intl", "php_intl.c intl_convert.c intl_convertcpp.cpp intl_error.c ", true,',
             'EXTENSION("intl", "php_intl.c intl_convert.c intl_convertcpp.cpp intl_error.c ", PHP_INTL_SHARED,'
         );
+        // ICU 73+ headers (char16ptr.h etc.) unconditionally include <string_view> which requires C++17.
+        FileSystem::replaceFileStr(
+            "{$php_src}/ext/intl/config.w32",
+            'ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS_INTL", "/EHsc',
+            'ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS_INTL", "/std:c++17 /EHsc'
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Package/Extension/memcache.php b/src/Package/Extension/memcache.php
index a9c58b768..3fac40228 100644
--- a/src/Package/Extension/memcache.php
+++ b/src/Package/Extension/memcache.php
@@ -17,6 +17,20 @@ class memcache extends PhpExtensionPackage
     #[BeforeStage('php', [php::class, 'buildconfForUnix'], 'ext-memcache')]
     public function patchBeforeBuildconf(): bool
     {
+        // PHP 8.5 moved php_smart_string*.h from ext/standard/ to Zend/
+        foreach (['src/memcache_pool.h', 'src/memcache_pool.c', 'src/memcache_session.c', 'src/memcache_ascii_protocol.c', 'src/memcache_binary_protocol.c'] as $file) {
+            FileSystem::replaceFileStr(
+                "{$this->getSourceDir()}/{$file}",
+                '#include "ext/standard/php_smart_string_public.h"',
+                '#include "Zend/zend_smart_string_public.h"',
+            );
+            FileSystem::replaceFileStr(
+                "{$this->getSourceDir()}/{$file}",
+                '#include "ext/standard/php_smart_string.h"',
+                '#include "Zend/zend_smart_string.h"',
+            );
+        }
+
         if (!$this->isBuildStatic()) {
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/src/Package/Extension/opentelemetry.php b/src/Package/Extension/opentelemetry.php
index 632d12571..6c106f7f5 100644
--- a/src/Package/Extension/opentelemetry.php
+++ b/src/Package/Extension/opentelemetry.php
@@ -7,15 +7,21 @@
 use Package\Target\php;
 use StaticPHP\Attribute\Package\BeforeStage;
 use StaticPHP\Attribute\Package\Extension;
+use StaticPHP\Toolchain\Interface\ToolchainInterface;
+use StaticPHP\Toolchain\ZigToolchain;
 use StaticPHP\Util\GlobalEnvManager;
 
 #[Extension('opentelemetry')]
 class opentelemetry
 {
     #[BeforeStage('php', [php::class, 'makeForUnix'], 'ext-opentelemetry')]
-    public function patchBeforeMake(): void
+    public function patchBeforeMake(ToolchainInterface $toolchain): void
     {
-        // add -Wno-strict-prototypes
-        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS=' . getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS') . ' -Wno-strict-prototypes');
+        $extra_cflags = getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS') ?: '';
+        $extra_cflags .= ' -Wno-strict-prototypes';
+        if ($toolchain instanceof ZigToolchain) {
+            $extra_cflags .= ' -Wno-unknown-warning-option';
+        }
+        GlobalEnvManager::putenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS=' . trim($extra_cflags));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Package/Extension/swow.php b/src/Package/Extension/swow.php
index 3ebe3d582..c49bc191b 100644
--- a/src/Package/Extension/swow.php
+++ b/src/Package/Extension/swow.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class swow extends PhpExtensionPackage
     #[CustomPhpConfigureArg('Windows')]
     public function configureArg(PackageInstaller $installer): string
     {
-        $arg = '--enable-swow';
+        $arg = '--enable-swow --disable-swow-pdo-pgsql';
         $arg .= $installer->getLibraryPackage('openssl') ? ' --enable-swow-ssl' : ' --disable-swow-ssl';
         $arg .= $installer->getLibraryPackage('curl') ? ' --enable-swow-curl' : ' --disable-swow-curl';
         return $arg;
diff --git a/src/Package/Extension/zlib.php b/src/Package/Extension/zlib.php
index 14ab656d7..d04c00a03 100644
--- a/src/Package/Extension/zlib.php
+++ b/src/Package/Extension/zlib.php
@@ -8,15 +8,16 @@
 use StaticPHP\Attribute\Package\CustomPhpConfigureArg;
 use StaticPHP\Attribute\Package\Extension;
 use StaticPHP\Package\PackageBuilder;
+use StaticPHP\Package\PackageInstaller;
 
 #[Extension('zlib')]
 class zlib
 {
     #[CustomPhpConfigureArg('Darwin')]
     #[CustomPhpConfigureArg('Linux')]
-    public function unixConfigureArg(PackageBuilder $builder): string
+    public function unixConfigureArg(PackageBuilder $builder, PackageInstaller $installer): string
     {
-        $zlib_dir = php::getPHPVersionID() >= 80400 ? '' : ' --with-zlib-dir=' . $builder->getBuildRootPath();
-        return '--with-zlib' . $zlib_dir;
+        $zlib_dir = (php::getPHPVersionID() >= 80400 && !$installer->getPhpExtensionPackage('spx')) ? '' : " --with-zlib-dir={$builder->getBuildRootPath()}";
+        return "--with-zlib{$zlib_dir}";
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Package/Library/mpir.php b/src/Package/Library/mpir.php
index 951d218ad..8063b7826 100644
--- a/src/Package/Library/mpir.php
+++ b/src/Package/Library/mpir.php
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public function build(LibraryPackage $lib): void
     {
         $vs_ver_dir = ApplicationContext::get('mpir_vs_ver_dir');
         cmd()->cd("{$lib->getSourceDir()}{$vs_ver_dir}\\lib_mpir_gc")
-            ->exec('msbuild lib_mpir_gc.vcxproj /t:Rebuild /p:Configuration=Release /p:Platform=x64');
+            ->exec('msbuild lib_mpir_gc.vcxproj /t:Rebuild /p:Configuration=Release /p:Platform=x64 /p:WindowsTargetPlatformVersion=10.0');
         FileSystem::createDir($lib->getLibDir());
         FileSystem::createDir($lib->getIncludeDir());
         FileSystem::copy("{$lib->getSourceDir()}{$vs_ver_dir}\\lib_mpir_gc\\x64\\Release\\mpir_a.lib", "{$lib->getLibDir()}\\mpir_a.lib");
diff --git a/src/Package/Library/zstd.php b/src/Package/Library/zstd.php
index 4b4a490f1..a5df737e5 100644
--- a/src/Package/Library/zstd.php
+++ b/src/Package/Library/zstd.php
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ public function buildWin(LibraryPackage $package): void
             )
             ->build();
         FileSystem::copy($package->getLibDir() . '\zstd_static.lib', $package->getLibDir() . '/zstd.lib');
+        FileSystem::copy($package->getLibDir() . '\zstd_static.lib', $package->getLibDir() . '/libzstd.lib');
     }
 
     #[BuildFor('Linux')]
diff --git a/src/Package/Target/php/unix.php b/src/Package/Target/php/unix.php
index e1052fbdc..bd2871148 100644
--- a/src/Package/Target/php/unix.php
+++ b/src/Package/Target/php/unix.php
@@ -266,43 +266,32 @@ public function makeFpmForUnix(TargetPackage $package, PackageInstaller $install
     #[PatchDescription('Patch phar extension for micro SAPI to support compressed phar')]
     public function makeMicroForUnix(TargetPackage $package, PackageInstaller $installer, PackageBuilder $builder): void
     {
-        $phar_patched = false;
-        try {
-            if ($installer->isPackageResolved('ext-phar')) {
-                $phar_patched = true;
-                SourcePatcher::patchMicroPhar(self::getPHPVersionID());
-            }
-            InteractiveTerm::setMessage('Building php: ' . ConsoleColor::yellow('make micro'));
-            // apply --with-micro-fake-cli option
-            $vars = $this->makeVars($installer);
-            $vars['EXTRA_CFLAGS'] .= $package->getBuildOption('with-micro-fake-cli', false) ? ' -DPHP_MICRO_FAKE_CLI' : '';
-            $makeArgs = $this->makeVarsToArgs($vars);
-            // build
-            shell()->cd($package->getSourceDir())
-                ->setEnv($vars)
-                ->exec("make -j{$builder->concurrency} {$makeArgs} micro");
-
-            $dst = BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/micro.sfx';
-            $builder->deployBinary($package->getSourceDir() . '/sapi/micro/micro.sfx', $dst);
-            // patch after UPX-ed micro.sfx (Linux only)
-            if (SystemTarget::getTargetOS() === 'Linux' && $builder->getOption('with-upx-pack')) {
-                // cut binary with readelf to remove UPX extra segment
-                [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult("readelf -l {$dst} | awk '/LOAD|GNU_STACK/ {getline; print \\$1, \\$2, \\$3, \\$4, \\$6, \\$7}'");
-                $out[1] = explode(' ', $out[1]);
-                $offset = $out[1][0];
-                if ($ret !== 0 || !str_starts_with($offset, '0x')) {
-                    throw new PatchException('phpmicro UPX patcher', 'Cannot find offset in readelf output');
-                }
-                $offset = hexdec($offset);
-                // remove upx extra wastes
-                file_put_contents($dst, substr(file_get_contents($dst), 0, $offset));
-            }
-            $package->setOutput('Binary path for micro SAPI', $dst);
-        } finally {
-            if ($phar_patched) {
-                SourcePatcher::unpatchMicroPhar();
+        InteractiveTerm::setMessage('Building php: ' . ConsoleColor::yellow('make micro'));
+        // apply --with-micro-fake-cli option
+        $vars = $this->makeVars($installer);
+        $vars['EXTRA_CFLAGS'] .= $package->getBuildOption('with-micro-fake-cli', false) ? ' -DPHP_MICRO_FAKE_CLI' : '';
+        $makeArgs = $this->makeVarsToArgs($vars);
+        // build
+        shell()->cd($package->getSourceDir())
+            ->setEnv($vars)
+            ->exec("make -j{$builder->concurrency} {$makeArgs} micro");
+
+        $dst = BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/micro.sfx';
+        $builder->deployBinary($package->getSourceDir() . '/sapi/micro/micro.sfx', $dst);
+        // patch after UPX-ed micro.sfx (Linux only)
+        if (SystemTarget::getTargetOS() === 'Linux' && $builder->getOption('with-upx-pack')) {
+            // cut binary with readelf to remove UPX extra segment
+            [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult("readelf -l {$dst} | awk '/LOAD|GNU_STACK/ {getline; print \\$1, \\$2, \\$3, \\$4, \\$6, \\$7}'");
+            $out[1] = explode(' ', $out[1]);
+            $offset = $out[1][0];
+            if ($ret !== 0 || !str_starts_with($offset, '0x')) {
+                throw new PatchException('phpmicro UPX patcher', 'Cannot find offset in readelf output');
             }
+            $offset = hexdec($offset);
+            // remove upx extra wastes
+            file_put_contents($dst, substr(file_get_contents($dst), 0, $offset));
         }
+        $package->setOutput('Binary path for micro SAPI', $dst);
     }
 
     #[Stage]
diff --git a/src/Package/Target/php/windows.php b/src/Package/Target/php/windows.php
index 311db0333..d2f863327 100644
--- a/src/Package/Target/php/windows.php
+++ b/src/Package/Target/php/windows.php
@@ -293,21 +293,8 @@ public function makeMicroForWindows(TargetPackage $package, PackageBuilder $buil
 
         $fake_cli = $package->getBuildOption('with-micro-fake-cli', false) ? ' /DPHP_MICRO_FAKE_CLI' : '';
 
-        // phar patch for micro
-        $phar_patched = false;
-        if ($installer->isPackageResolved('ext-phar')) {
-            $phar_patched = true;
-            SourcePatcher::patchMicroPhar(self::getPHPVersionID());
-        }
-
-        try {
-            cmd()->cd($package->getSourceDir())
-                ->exec("nmake /nologo {$debug_overrides}LIBS_MICRO=\"ws2_32.lib shell32.lib {$extra_libs}\" CFLAGS_MICRO=\"/DZEND_ENABLE_STATIC_TSRMLS_CACHE=1{$fake_cli}\" EXTRA_LD_FLAGS_PROGRAM= micro");
-        } finally {
-            if ($phar_patched) {
-                SourcePatcher::unpatchMicroPhar();
-            }
-        }
+        cmd()->cd($package->getSourceDir())
+            ->exec("nmake /nologo {$debug_overrides}LIBS_MICRO=\"ws2_32.lib shell32.lib {$extra_libs}\" CFLAGS_MICRO=\"/DZEND_ENABLE_STATIC_TSRMLS_CACHE=1{$fake_cli}\" EXTRA_LD_FLAGS_PROGRAM= micro");
 
         $this->deployWindowsBinary($builder, $package, 'php-micro');
     }
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/ArtifactExtractor.php b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/ArtifactExtractor.php
index 8b73243a4..987ec554e 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/ArtifactExtractor.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/ArtifactExtractor.php
@@ -242,7 +242,10 @@ protected function extractBinary(Artifact $artifact): int
         }
 
         logger()->info("Extracting binary [{$name}] to {$target_path}...");
-        $this->doStandardExtract($name, $cache_info, $target_path);
+        // When a binary artifact targets the shared buildroot, merge into it instead of wiping it.
+        // Wiping buildroot would destroy files installed by packages processed earlier in the build queue.
+        $merge = (FileSystem::convertPath($target_path) === FileSystem::convertPath(BUILD_ROOT_PATH));
+        $this->doStandardExtract($name, $cache_info, $target_path, $merge);
 
         $artifact->emitAfterBinaryExtract($target_path, $platform);
         logger()->debug("Emitted after-binary-extract hooks for [{$name}]");
@@ -256,8 +259,10 @@ protected function extractBinary(Artifact $artifact): int
 
     /**
      * Standard extraction: extract entire archive to target directory.
+     *
+     * @param bool $merge when true, merge extracted files into existing target dir instead of wiping it
      */
-    protected function doStandardExtract(string $name, array $cache_info, string $target_path): void
+    protected function doStandardExtract(string $name, array $cache_info, string $target_path, bool $merge = false): void
     {
         $source_file = $this->cache->getCacheFullPath($cache_info);
         $cache_type = $cache_info['cache_type'];
@@ -265,7 +270,7 @@ protected function doStandardExtract(string $name, array $cache_info, string $ta
         // Validate source file exists before extraction
         $this->validateSourceFile($name, $source_file, $cache_type);
 
-        $this->extractWithType($cache_type, $source_file, $target_path);
+        $this->extractWithType($cache_type, $source_file, $target_path, $merge);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -443,10 +448,10 @@ protected function copyFileOrDir(string $src, string $dst): void
      * @param string $source_file Path to source file or directory
      * @param string $target_path Target extraction path
      */
-    protected function extractWithType(string $cache_type, string $source_file, string $target_path): void
+    protected function extractWithType(string $cache_type, string $source_file, string $target_path, bool $merge = false): void
     {
         match ($cache_type) {
-            'archive' => $this->extractArchive($source_file, $target_path),
+            'archive' => $this->extractArchive($source_file, $target_path, $merge),
             'file' => $this->copyFile($source_file, $target_path),
             'git' => FileSystem::copyDir(FileSystem::convertPath($source_file), $target_path),
             'local' => symlink(FileSystem::convertPath($source_file), $target_path),
@@ -458,8 +463,10 @@ protected function extractWithType(string $cache_type, string $source_file, stri
      * Extract archive file to target directory.
      *
      * Supports: tar, tar.gz, tgz, tar.bz2, tar.xz, txz, zip, exe
+     *
+     * @param bool $merge when true, merge zip contents into existing target dir instead of wiping it
      */
-    protected function extractArchive(string $filename, string $target): void
+    protected function extractArchive(string $filename, string $target, bool $merge = false): void
     {
         $target = FileSystem::convertPath($target);
         $filename = FileSystem::convertPath($filename);
@@ -476,7 +483,7 @@ protected function extractArchive(string $filename, string $target): void
             'Windows' => match ($extname) {
                 'tar' => default_shell()->executeTarExtract($filename, $target, 'none'),
                 'xz', 'txz', 'gz', 'tgz', 'bz2' => default_shell()->execute7zExtract($filename, $target),
-                'zip' => $this->unzipWithStrip($filename, $target),
+                'zip' => $this->unzipWithStrip($filename, $target, $merge),
                 'exe' => $this->copyFile($filename, $target),
                 default => throw new FileSystemException("Unknown archive format: {$filename}"),
             },
@@ -485,7 +492,7 @@ protected function extractArchive(string $filename, string $target): void
                 'gz', 'tgz' => default_shell()->executeTarExtract($filename, $target, 'gz'),
                 'bz2' => default_shell()->executeTarExtract($filename, $target, 'bz2'),
                 'xz', 'txz' => default_shell()->executeTarExtract($filename, $target, 'xz'),
-                'zip' => $this->unzipWithStrip($filename, $target),
+                'zip' => $this->unzipWithStrip($filename, $target, $merge),
                 'exe' => $this->copyFile($filename, $target),
                 default => throw new FileSystemException("Unknown archive format: {$filename}"),
             },
@@ -496,7 +503,7 @@ protected function extractArchive(string $filename, string $target): void
     /**
      * Unzip file with stripping top-level directory.
      */
-    protected function unzipWithStrip(string $zip_file, string $extract_path): bool
+    protected function unzipWithStrip(string $zip_file, string $extract_path, bool $merge = false): bool
     {
         $temp_dir = FileSystem::convertPath(sys_get_temp_dir() . '/spc_unzip_' . bin2hex(random_bytes(16)));
         $zip_file = FileSystem::convertPath($zip_file);
@@ -517,15 +524,22 @@ protected function unzipWithStrip(string $zip_file, string $extract_path): bool
             throw new FileSystemException('Cannot scan unzip temp dir: ' . $temp_dir);
         }
 
-        // If extract path already exists, remove it
-        if (is_dir($extract_path)) {
-            FileSystem::removeDir($extract_path);
+        if (!$merge) {
+            // Replace mode: wipe the target directory before extracting
+            if (is_dir($extract_path)) {
+                FileSystem::removeDir($extract_path);
+            }
         }
 
-        // If only one dir, move its contents to extract_path
+        // If only one dir, move/merge its contents to extract_path
         $subdir = FileSystem::convertPath("{$temp_dir}/{$contents[0]}");
         if (count($contents) === 1 && is_dir($subdir)) {
-            $this->moveFileOrDir($subdir, $extract_path);
+            if ($merge) {
+                $this->mergeDirContent($subdir, $extract_path);
+                FileSystem::removeDir($subdir);
+            } else {
+                $this->moveFileOrDir($subdir, $extract_path);
+            }
         } else {
             // Else, if it contains only one dir, strip dir and copy other files
             $dircount = 0;
@@ -550,26 +564,36 @@ protected function unzipWithStrip(string $zip_file, string $extract_path): bool
                     throw new FileSystemException("Cannot scan unzip temp sub-dir: {$dir[0]}");
                 }
                 foreach ($sub_contents as $sub_item) {
-                    $this->moveFileOrDir(
-                        FileSystem::convertPath("{$temp_dir}/{$dir[0]}/{$sub_item}"),
-                        FileSystem::convertPath("{$extract_path}/{$sub_item}")
-                    );
+                    $src = FileSystem::convertPath("{$temp_dir}/{$dir[0]}/{$sub_item}");
+                    $dst = FileSystem::convertPath("{$extract_path}/{$sub_item}");
+                    if ($merge && is_dir($src)) {
+                        $this->mergeDirContent($src, $dst);
+                    } else {
+                        $this->moveFileOrDir($src, $dst);
+                    }
                 }
             } else {
                 foreach ($dir as $item) {
-                    $this->moveFileOrDir(
-                        FileSystem::convertPath("{$temp_dir}/{$item}"),
-                        FileSystem::convertPath("{$extract_path}/{$item}")
-                    );
+                    $src = FileSystem::convertPath("{$temp_dir}/{$item}");
+                    $dst = FileSystem::convertPath("{$extract_path}/{$item}");
+                    if ($merge) {
+                        $this->mergeDirContent($src, $dst);
+                    } else {
+                        $this->moveFileOrDir($src, $dst);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
-            // Move top-level files to extract_path
+            // Move or copy top-level files to extract_path
             foreach ($top_files as $top_file) {
-                $this->moveFileOrDir(
-                    FileSystem::convertPath("{$temp_dir}/{$top_file}"),
-                    FileSystem::convertPath("{$extract_path}/{$top_file}")
-                );
+                $src = FileSystem::convertPath("{$temp_dir}/{$top_file}");
+                $dst = FileSystem::convertPath("{$extract_path}/{$top_file}");
+                if ($merge) {
+                    FileSystem::createDir(dirname($dst));
+                    copy($src, $dst);
+                } else {
+                    $this->moveFileOrDir($src, $dst);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -595,6 +619,25 @@ protected function replacePathVariables(string $path): string
         return str_replace(array_keys($replacement), array_values($replacement), $path);
     }
 
+    private function mergeDirContent(string $src_dir, string $dest_dir): void
+    {
+        FileSystem::createDir($dest_dir);
+        $items = FileSystem::scanDirFiles($src_dir, false, true, true);
+        if ($items === false || empty($items)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        foreach ($items as $item) {
+            $src_item = FileSystem::convertPath("{$src_dir}/{$item}");
+            $dest_item = FileSystem::convertPath("{$dest_dir}/{$item}");
+            if (is_dir($src_item)) {
+                $this->mergeDirContent($src_item, $dest_item);
+            } else {
+                FileSystem::createDir(dirname($dest_item));
+                copy($src_item, $dest_item);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Move file or directory, handling cross-device scenarios
      * Uses rename() if possible, falls back to copy+delete for cross-device moves
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/Git.php b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/Git.php
index d5822e697..ad561c472 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/Git.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/Git.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public function download(string $name, array $config, ArtifactDownloader $downlo
 
         // direct branch clone
         if (isset($config['rev'])) {
-            default_shell()->executeGitClone($config['url'], $config['rev'], $path, $shallow, $config['submodules'] ?? null);
+            default_shell()->executeGitClone($config['url'], $config['rev'], $path, $shallow, $config['submodules'] ?? null, $downloader->getRetry());
             $shell = PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Windows' ? cmd(false) : shell(false);
             $hash_result = $shell->execWithResult(SPC_GIT_EXEC . ' -C ' . escapeshellarg($path) . ' rev-parse --short HEAD');
             $hash = ($hash_result[0] === 0 && !empty($hash_result[1])) ? trim($hash_result[1][0]) : '';
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public function download(string $name, array $config, ArtifactDownloader $downlo
             $version = array_key_first($matched_version_branch);
             $branch = $matched_version_branch[$version];
             logger()->info("Matched version {$version} from branch {$branch} for {$name}");
-            default_shell()->executeGitClone($config['url'], $branch, $path, $shallow, $config['submodules'] ?? null);
+            default_shell()->executeGitClone($config['url'], $branch, $path, $shallow, $config['submodules'] ?? null, $downloader->getRetry());
             return DownloadResult::git($name, $config, extract: $config['extract'] ?? null, version: $version, downloader: static::class);
         }
         throw new DownloaderException("No matching branch found for regex {$config['regex']} (checked {$matched_count} branches).");
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/GitHubRelease.php b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/GitHubRelease.php
index 15626089a..20db71275 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/GitHubRelease.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/GitHubRelease.php
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ class GitHubRelease implements DownloadTypeInterface, ValidatorInterface, CheckU
 
     private ?string $version = null;
 
-    public function getGitHubReleases(string $name, string $repo, bool $prefer_stable = true, ?string $query = null): array
+    public function getGitHubReleases(string $name, string $repo, bool $prefer_stable = true, ?string $query = null, int $retries = 0): array
     {
         logger()->debug("Fetching {$name} GitHub releases from {$repo}");
         $url = str_replace('{repo}', $repo, self::API_URL);
         $url .= ($query ?? '');
         $headers = $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders();
-        $data2 = default_shell()->executeCurl($url, headers: $headers);
+        $data2 = default_shell()->executeCurl($url, headers: $headers, retries: $retries);
         $data = json_decode($data2 ?: '', true);
         if (!is_array($data)) {
             throw new DownloaderException("Failed to get GitHub release API info for {$repo} from {$url}");
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ public function getGitHubReleases(string $name, string $repo, bool $prefer_stabl
      * Get the latest GitHub release assets for a given repository.
      * match_asset is provided, only return the asset that matches the regex.
      */
-    public function getLatestGitHubRelease(string $name, string $repo, bool $prefer_stable, string $match_asset, ?string $query = null): array
+    public function getLatestGitHubRelease(string $name, string $repo, bool $prefer_stable, string $match_asset, ?string $query = null, int $retries = 0): array
     {
         logger()->debug("Fetching {$name} GitHub release from {$repo}");
         $url = str_replace('{repo}', $repo, self::API_URL);
         $url .= ($query ?? '');
         $headers = $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders();
-        $data2 = default_shell()->executeCurl($url, headers: $headers);
+        $data2 = default_shell()->executeCurl($url, headers: $headers, retries: $retries);
         $data = json_decode($data2 ?: '', true);
         if (!is_array($data)) {
             throw new DownloaderException("Failed to get GitHub release API info for {$repo} from {$url}");
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public function download(string $name, array $config, ArtifactDownloader $downlo
         if (!isset($config['match'])) {
             throw new DownloaderException("GitHubRelease downloader requires 'match' config for {$name}");
         }
-        $rel = $this->getLatestGitHubRelease($name, $config['repo'], $config['prefer-stable'] ?? true, $config['match'], $config['query'] ?? null);
+        $rel = $this->getLatestGitHubRelease($name, $config['repo'], $config['prefer-stable'] ?? true, $config['match'], $config['query'] ?? null, $downloader->getRetry());
 
         // download file using curl
         $asset_url = str_replace(['{repo}', '{id}'], [$config['repo'], $rel['id']], self::ASSET_URL);
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public function checkUpdate(string $name, array $config, ?string $old_version, A
         if (!isset($config['match'])) {
             throw new DownloaderException("GitHubRelease downloader requires 'match' config for {$name}");
         }
-        $this->getLatestGitHubRelease($name, $config['repo'], $config['prefer-stable'] ?? true, $config['match'], $config['query'] ?? null);
+        $this->getLatestGitHubRelease($name, $config['repo'], $config['prefer-stable'] ?? true, $config['match'], $config['query'] ?? null, $downloader->getRetry());
         $new_version = $this->version ?? $old_version ?? '';
         return new CheckUpdateResult(
             old: $old_version,
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/GitHubTarball.php b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/GitHubTarball.php
index 37ba5ca7a..c9c657bc8 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/GitHubTarball.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/Downloader/Type/GitHubTarball.php
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ class GitHubTarball implements DownloadTypeInterface, CheckUpdateInterface
      * Get the GitHub tarball URL for a given repository and release type.
      * If match_url is provided, only return the tarball that matches the regex.
      */
-    public function getGitHubTarballInfo(string $name, string $repo, string $rel_type, bool $prefer_stable = true, ?string $match_url = null, ?string $basename = null, ?string $query = null): array
+    public function getGitHubTarballInfo(string $name, string $repo, string $rel_type, bool $prefer_stable = true, ?string $match_url = null, ?string $basename = null, ?string $query = null, int $retries = 0): array
     {
         if ($rel_type === 'releases' && $match_url === null && $query === null && $prefer_stable) {
             $api_url = str_replace(['{repo}', '{rel_type}'], [$repo, 'releases/latest'], self::API_URL);
-            $data = default_shell()->executeCurl($api_url, headers: $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders());
+            $data = default_shell()->executeCurl($api_url, headers: $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders(), retries: $retries);
             $data = json_decode($data ?: '', true);
             if (!is_array($data) || empty($data['tarball_url'])) {
                 throw new DownloaderException("Failed to get GitHub latest release for {$repo} from {$api_url}");
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public function getGitHubTarballInfo(string $name, string $repo, string $rel_typ
         } else {
             $api_url = str_replace(['{repo}', '{rel_type}'], [$repo, $rel_type], self::API_URL);
             $api_url .= ($query ?? '');
-            $data = default_shell()->executeCurl($api_url, headers: $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders());
+            $data = default_shell()->executeCurl($api_url, headers: $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders(), retries: $retries);
             $data = json_decode($data ?: '', true);
             if (!is_array($data)) {
                 throw new DownloaderException("Failed to get GitHub tarball URL for {$repo} from {$api_url}");
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public function getGitHubTarballInfo(string $name, string $repo, string $rel_typ
             }
             $this->version = $version ?? null;
         }
-        $head = default_shell()->executeCurl($rel_url, 'HEAD', headers: $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders()) ?: '';
+        $head = default_shell()->executeCurl($rel_url, 'HEAD', headers: $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders(), retries: $retries) ?: '';
         preg_match('/^content-disposition:\s+attachment;\s*filename=("?)(?<filename>.+\.tar\.gz)\1/im', $head, $matches);
         if ($matches) {
             $filename = $matches['filename'];
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ public function download(string $name, array $config, ArtifactDownloader $downlo
             'ghtagtar' => 'tags',
             default => throw new DownloaderException("Invalid GitHubTarball type for {$name}"),
         };
-        [$url, $filename] = $this->getGitHubTarballInfo($name, $config['repo'], $rel_type, $config['prefer-stable'] ?? true, $config['match'] ?? null, $name, $config['query'] ?? null);
+        [$url, $filename] = $this->getGitHubTarballInfo($name, $config['repo'], $rel_type, $config['prefer-stable'] ?? true, $config['match'] ?? null, $name, $config['query'] ?? null, $downloader->getRetry());
         $path = DOWNLOAD_PATH . "/{$filename}";
-        default_shell()->executeCurlDownload($url, $path, headers: $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders());
+        default_shell()->executeCurlDownload($url, $path, headers: $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders(), retries: $downloader->getRetry());
         return DownloadResult::archive($filename, $config, $config['extract'] ?? null, version: $this->version, downloader: static::class);
     }
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public function checkUpdate(string $name, array $config, ?string $old_version, A
             'ghtagtar' => 'tags',
             default => throw new DownloaderException("Invalid GitHubTarball type for {$name}"),
         };
-        $this->getGitHubTarballInfo($name, $config['repo'], $rel_type, $config['prefer-stable'] ?? true, $config['match'] ?? null, $name, $config['query'] ?? null);
+        $this->getGitHubTarballInfo($name, $config['repo'], $rel_type, $config['prefer-stable'] ?? true, $config['match'] ?? null, $name, $config['query'] ?? null, $downloader->getRetry());
         $new_version = $this->version ?? $old_version ?? '';
         return new CheckUpdateResult(
             old: $old_version,
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/DownloaderOptions.php b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/DownloaderOptions.php
index de2e91bf9..3e00d3b36 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/DownloaderOptions.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Artifact/DownloaderOptions.php
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ public static function getConsoleOptions(string $prefix = ''): array
         $shortU = $prefix ? null : 'U';
         $shortG = $prefix ? null : 'G';
         $shortL = $prefix ? null : 'L';
+        $shortI = $prefix ? null : 'i';
 
         return [
             // php version option
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ public static function getConsoleOptions(string $prefix = ''): array
             // download behavior options
             new InputOption("{$p}parallel", $shortP, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Number of parallel downloads (default 1)', '1'),
             new InputOption("{$p}retry", $shortR, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Number of download retries on failure (default 0)', '0'),
-            new InputOption("{$p}ignore-cache", null, InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'Ignore some caches when downloading, comma separated, e.g "php-src,curl,openssl"', false),
+            new InputOption("{$p}ignore-cache", $shortI, InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'Ignore some caches when downloading, comma separated, e.g "php-src,curl,openssl"', false),
             new InputOption("{$p}no-alt", null, null, 'Do not use alternative mirror download artifacts for sources'),
             new InputOption("{$p}no-shallow-clone", null, null, 'Do not clone shallowly repositories when downloading sources'),
 
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Command/Dev/GenExtTestMatrixCommand.php b/src/StaticPHP/Command/Dev/GenExtTestMatrixCommand.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8621277cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Command/Dev/GenExtTestMatrixCommand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace StaticPHP\Command\Dev;
+
+use StaticPHP\Command\BaseCommand;
+use StaticPHP\Config\PackageConfig;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
+
+#[AsCommand('dev:gen-ext-test-matrix', 'Generate GitHub Actions extension test matrix JSON', [], true)]
+class GenExtTestMatrixCommand extends BaseCommand
+{
+    private const string BUILD_TARGETS = '--build-cli --build-cgi --build-micro --with-suggests -vvv';
+
+    private const array OS_RUNNERS = [
+        'linux' => ['arch' => 'x86_64', 'runner' => 'ubuntu-latest', 'os_key' => 'Linux'],
+        'windows' => ['arch' => 'x86_64', 'runner' => 'windows-latest', 'os_key' => 'Windows'],
+        'macos' => ['arch' => 'aarch64', 'runner' => 'macos-15', 'os_key' => 'Darwin'],
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Tier 2 runners: Linux aarch64 + macOS x86_64, no Windows.
+     */
+    private const array OS_RUNNERS_TIER2 = [
+        'linux' => ['arch' => 'aarch64', 'runner' => 'ubuntu-24.04-arm', 'os_key' => 'Linux'],
+        'macos' => ['arch' => 'x86_64', 'runner' => 'macos-15-intel', 'os_key' => 'Darwin'],
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Extensions excluded from specific OS matrix entries.
+     */
+    private const array OS_EXCLUDE = [
+        'linux' => ['glfw'],
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Extra build flags appended when a matrix entry contains any of the listed extensions.
+     * Key: extension display name (without ext- prefix). Value: extra flags string.
+     */
+    private const array EXTRA_BUILD_FLAGS = [
+        'parallel' => '--enable-zts',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Pairs of extensions that cannot be built together in the same matrix entry.
+     */
+    private const array CONFLICTS = [
+        ['grpc', 'protobuf'],
+        ['swow', 'swoole'],
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Extensions that must always appear alone in their own matrix entry.
+     * Use display names (without ext- prefix).
+     */
+    private const array STANDALONE = [
+        'grpc',
+        'glfw',
+        'imagick',
+        'intl',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum number of orphan extensions per matrix entry.
+     */
+    private const int ORPHAN_BATCH_SIZE = 15;
+
+    protected bool $no_motd = true;
+
+    public function configure(): void
+    {
+        $this->addOption('for-extensions', null, InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'Filter by extension display names, comma-separated', '')
+            ->addOption('for-libs', null, InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'Filter by lib names (depends+suggests), comma-separated', '')
+            ->addOption('os', null, InputOption::VALUE_OPTIONAL, 'Filter by OS (Linux/Darwin/Windows), comma-separated', '')
+            ->addOption('tier2', null, InputOption::VALUE_NONE, 'Use Tier 2 runners (Linux aarch64 + macOS x86_64, no Windows)');
+    }
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        if (!spc_mode(SPC_MODE_SOURCE)) {
+            $this->output->writeln('<error>This command is only available in source mode.</error>');
+            return static::USER_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        $parse_option = fn (string $name): array => array_values(array_filter(array_map('trim', explode(',', (string) $this->input->getOption($name)))));
+        $filter_extensions = $parse_option('for-extensions');
+        $filter_libs = $parse_option('for-libs');
+        $filter_os_keys = $parse_option('os');
+        $tier2 = (bool) $this->input->getOption('tier2');
+
+        $base_runners = $tier2 ? self::OS_RUNNERS_TIER2 : self::OS_RUNNERS;
+
+        $all = PackageConfig::getAll();
+
+        // Separate into regular and virtual extensions (build-static:false excluded globally)
+        $all_regular = [];
+        $all_virtual = [];
+        foreach ($all as $pkg_name => $config) {
+            if (($config['type'] ?? '') !== 'php-extension') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (($config['php-extension']['build-static'] ?? null) === false) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (($config['php-extension']['arg-type'] ?? '') === 'none') {
+                $all_virtual[$pkg_name] = $config;
+            } else {
+                $all_regular[$pkg_name] = $config;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $os_runners = empty($filter_os_keys)
+            ? $base_runners
+            : array_filter($base_runners, fn ($info) => in_array($info['os_key'], $filter_os_keys, true));
+
+        $entries = [];
+        $all_ext_lib_deps = [];
+
+        foreach ($os_runners as $os => $os_info) {
+            $os_key = $os_info['os_key'];
+
+            // Filter by OS support
+            $os_exclude = array_fill_keys(array_map(fn ($n) => 'ext-' . $n, self::OS_EXCLUDE[$os] ?? []), true);
+            $os_regular = array_filter($all_regular, fn ($c, $k) => $this->supportsOS($c, $os_key) && !isset($os_exclude[$k]), ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH);
+            $os_virtual = array_filter($all_virtual, fn ($c, $k) => $this->supportsOS($c, $os_key) && !isset($os_exclude[$k]), ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH);
+
+            // Pool: all ext-* names available on this OS (regular + virtual)
+            $pool_set = array_fill_keys(
+                array_merge(array_keys($os_regular), array_keys($os_virtual)),
+                true
+            );
+
+            // Compute ext_deps for every pool member: union of depends + suggests, limited to pool
+            $ext_deps = [];
+            $os_lib_deps = [];
+            foreach (array_merge($os_regular, $os_virtual) as $pkg_name => $config) {
+                $raw = array_merge(
+                    $this->resolvePlatformList($config, 'depends', $os),
+                    $this->resolvePlatformList($config, 'suggests', $os),
+                );
+                $ext_deps[$pkg_name] = array_values(array_filter(
+                    $raw,
+                    fn ($d) => isset($pool_set[$d]) && $d !== $pkg_name
+                ));
+                $os_lib_deps[$this->displayName($pkg_name)] = array_values(array_filter(
+                    $raw,
+                    fn ($d) => !str_starts_with($d, 'ext-')
+                ));
+            }
+            $all_ext_lib_deps[$os] = $os_lib_deps;
+
+            // Which regular exts are reachable as a dep/suggest from another regular ext?
+            $depended_on = [];
+            foreach ($os_regular as $pkg_name => $_) {
+                foreach ($ext_deps[$pkg_name] as $dep) {
+                    $depended_on[$dep] = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Process order: roots (not depended on) first, then non-roots; each group alpha-sorted
+            $roots = [];
+            $non_roots = [];
+            foreach (array_keys($os_regular) as $pkg_name) {
+                if (isset($depended_on[$pkg_name])) {
+                    $non_roots[] = $pkg_name;
+                } else {
+                    $roots[] = $pkg_name;
+                }
+            }
+            sort($roots);
+            sort($non_roots);
+
+            // DFS to collect dependency chains; true orphans (no ext-* relations) are batched
+            $covered = [];
+            $groups = [];
+            $orphans = [];
+            $standalone_set = array_fill_keys(self::STANDALONE, true);
+
+            foreach (array_merge($roots, $non_roots) as $ext) {
+                if (isset($covered[$ext])) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                $chain = $this->dfsCollect($ext, $ext_deps, $pool_set, $covered);
+                $display = $this->displayName($ext);
+                if (isset($standalone_set[$display])) {
+                    // Always emit standalone extensions as their own single entry
+                    $groups[] = $display;
+                } elseif (count($chain) === 1 && empty($ext_deps[$ext])) {
+                    $orphans[] = $display;
+                } else {
+                    $groups[] = implode(',', array_map($this->displayName(...), $chain));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Batch orphans, splitting conflicting extensions into separate entries
+            if (!empty($orphans)) {
+                sort($orphans);
+                foreach ($this->splitOrphansByConflicts($orphans) as $batch) {
+                    $groups[] = implode(',', $batch);
+                }
+            }
+
+            sort($groups);
+            foreach ($groups as $group) {
+                $extra = $this->extraBuildFlags($group);
+                $entries[] = [
+                    'runner' => $os_info['runner'],
+                    'os' => $os,
+                    'arch' => $os_info['arch'],
+                    'extension' => $group,
+                    'build-args' => './bin/spc build "' . $group . '" ' . self::BUILD_TARGETS . ($extra !== '' ? ' ' . $extra : ''),
+                ];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!empty($filter_extensions)) {
+            $entries = array_values(array_filter($entries, function (array $entry) use ($filter_extensions): bool {
+                $names = explode(',', $entry['extension']);
+                return count(array_intersect($names, $filter_extensions)) > 0;
+            }));
+        }
+
+        if (!empty($filter_libs)) {
+            $entries = array_values(array_filter($entries, function (array $entry) use ($filter_libs, $all_ext_lib_deps): bool {
+                $names = explode(',', $entry['extension']);
+                $lib_deps = $all_ext_lib_deps[$entry['os']] ?? [];
+                foreach ($names as $name) {
+                    if (count(array_intersect($lib_deps[$name] ?? [], $filter_libs)) > 0) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }));
+        }
+
+        $this->output->write(json_encode($entries, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES));
+        return static::SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DFS-collect the dependency chain starting from $ext.
+     * Marks all visited nodes in $covered to prevent duplicates and handle cycles.
+     */
+    private function dfsCollect(string $ext, array $ext_deps, array $pool_set, array &$covered): array
+    {
+        if (isset($covered[$ext])) {
+            return [];
+        }
+        $covered[$ext] = true;
+        $chain = [$ext];
+        foreach ($ext_deps[$ext] ?? [] as $dep) {
+            if (!isset($covered[$dep]) && isset($pool_set[$dep])) {
+                $chain = array_merge($chain, $this->dfsCollect($dep, $ext_deps, $pool_set, $covered));
+            }
+        }
+        return $chain;
+    }
+
+    private function supportsOS(array $config, string $os_key): bool
+    {
+        $os_list = $config['php-extension']['os'] ?? null;
+        return $os_list === null || in_array($os_key, $os_list, true);
+    }
+
+    private function displayName(string $pkg_name): string
+    {
+        return str_starts_with($pkg_name, 'ext-') ? substr($pkg_name, 4) : $pkg_name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Split orphans into batches such that no two conflicting extensions share a batch.
+     * Uses a greedy graph-coloring approach.
+     *
+     * @param  string[]   $orphans display names, pre-sorted
+     * @return string[][] array of batches, each batch is an array of display names
+     */
+    private function splitOrphansByConflicts(array $orphans): array
+    {
+        $adjacency = [];
+        foreach (self::CONFLICTS as [$a, $b]) {
+            $adjacency[$a][$b] = true;
+            $adjacency[$b][$a] = true;
+        }
+
+        $batches = [];
+        foreach ($orphans as $ext) {
+            $placed = false;
+            foreach ($batches as &$batch) {
+                if (count($batch) >= self::ORPHAN_BATCH_SIZE) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                $conflict = false;
+                foreach ($batch as $member) {
+                    if (isset($adjacency[$ext][$member])) {
+                        $conflict = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!$conflict) {
+                    $batch[] = $ext;
+                    $placed = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            unset($batch);
+            if (!$placed) {
+                $batches[] = [$ext];
+            }
+        }
+        return $batches;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns any extra build flags required for an extension group string.
+     * Checks whether any extension in the comma-separated group matches EXTRA_BUILD_FLAGS.
+     */
+    private function extraBuildFlags(string $group): string
+    {
+        $names = explode(',', $group);
+        $flags = [];
+        foreach (self::EXTRA_BUILD_FLAGS as $ext => $extra) {
+            if (in_array($ext, $names, true)) {
+                $flags[] = $extra;
+            }
+        }
+        return implode(' ', $flags);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve the value of a platform-specific array field, applying the suffix fallback chain.
+     *
+     * Fallback rules (same as PackageConfig::get):
+     *   linux   : @linux  → @unix  → (base)
+     *   macos   : @macos  → @unix  → (base)
+     *   windows : @windows         → (base)
+     */
+    private function resolvePlatformList(array $config, string $field, string $platform): array
+    {
+        return match ($platform) {
+            'linux' => $config["{$field}@linux"] ?? $config["{$field}@unix"] ?? $config[$field] ?? [],
+            'macos' => $config["{$field}@macos"] ?? $config["{$field}@unix"] ?? $config[$field] ?? [],
+            'windows' => $config["{$field}@windows"] ?? $config[$field] ?? [],
+            default => $config[$field] ?? [],
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Command/Dev/TestBotCommand.php b/src/StaticPHP/Command/Dev/TestBotCommand.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc34444df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Command/Dev/TestBotCommand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace StaticPHP\Command\Dev;
+
+use StaticPHP\Artifact\Downloader\Type\GitHubTokenSetupTrait;
+use StaticPHP\Command\BaseCommand;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Attribute\AsCommand;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
+
+#[AsCommand('dev:test-bot', 'Analyze PR changes and labels, output test-bot metadata JSON', [], true)]
+class TestBotCommand extends BaseCommand
+{
+    use GitHubTokenSetupTrait;
+
+    private const string API_BASE = 'https://api.github.com';
+
+    /** Platform labels → os_key used by dev:gen-ext-test-matrix --os= */
+    private const array PLATFORM_LABELS = [
+        'test/linux' => 'Linux',
+        'test/windows' => 'Windows',
+        'test/macos' => 'Darwin',
+    ];
+
+    private const string TIER2_LABEL = 'test/tier2';
+
+    /** PHP version labels → version string (8.5 is always included as default) */
+    private const array PHP_VERSION_LABELS = [
+        'test/php-83' => '8.3',
+        'test/php-84' => '8.4',
+    ];
+
+    private const string DEFAULT_PHP_VERSION = '8.5';
+
+    protected bool $no_motd = true;
+
+    public function configure(): void
+    {
+        $this->addOption('pr', null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Pull request number')
+            ->addOption('repo', null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Repository in owner/repo format (e.g. owner/repo)')
+            ->addOption('mock-files', null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Comma-separated file paths to simulate PR changed files (skips GitHub API, for local testing)', '')
+            ->addOption('mock-labels', null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Comma-separated labels to simulate PR labels (skips GitHub API, for local testing)', '');
+    }
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $mock_files_raw = (string) $this->input->getOption('mock-files');
+        $mock_labels_raw = (string) $this->input->getOption('mock-labels');
+        $is_mock = $mock_files_raw !== '' || $mock_labels_raw !== '';
+
+        if ($is_mock) {
+            // Local testing mode: skip all GitHub API calls
+            $changed_files = array_map(
+                fn ($f) => ['filename' => trim($f)],
+                array_filter(explode(',', $mock_files_raw))
+            );
+            $label_names = array_map('trim', array_filter(explode(',', $mock_labels_raw)));
+        } else {
+            $pr = (int) $this->input->getOption('pr');
+            $repo = (string) $this->input->getOption('repo');
+
+            if ($pr <= 0 || $repo === '') {
+                $this->output->writeln('<error>Either --mock-files/--mock-labels (local test) or --pr and --repo (live) are required.</error>');
+                return static::USER_ERROR;
+            }
+
+            $headers = array_merge(
+                $this->getGitHubTokenHeaders(),
+                ['Accept: application/vnd.github+json', 'X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28'],
+            );
+
+            // Fetch changed files (paginated, up to 300)
+            $changed_files = $this->fetchPaginatedFiles($repo, $pr, $headers);
+
+            // Fetch current labels on the PR/issue
+            $labels_raw = $this->apiGet(
+                sprintf('%s/repos/%s/issues/%d/labels', self::API_BASE, $repo, $pr),
+                $headers
+            );
+            $label_names = array_column($labels_raw ?? [], 'name');
+        }
+
+        // Analyze changed files → extensions, libs, targets
+        [$extensions, $libs, $targets] = $this->analyzeChangedFiles($changed_files);
+
+        // Resolve active platform OS keys (used as filters, not as trigger)
+        $os_keys = [];
+        foreach (self::PLATFORM_LABELS as $label => $os_key) {
+            if (in_array($label, $label_names, true)) {
+                $os_keys[] = $os_key;
+            }
+        }
+        $tier2 = in_array(self::TIER2_LABEL, $label_names, true);
+        $need_test = in_array('need-test', $label_names, true);
+
+        // Resolve PHP versions (default always included)
+        $php_versions = [self::DEFAULT_PHP_VERSION];
+        foreach (self::PHP_VERSION_LABELS as $label => $version) {
+            if (in_array($label, $label_names, true)) {
+                $php_versions[] = $version;
+            }
+        }
+        $php_versions = array_unique($php_versions);
+        sort($php_versions);
+
+        // Build gen_matrix_args whenever need-test is set.
+        // Platform labels narrow the OS scope; absent = no --os filter (all platforms).
+        $gen_matrix_args = '';
+        $gen_matrix_args_tier2 = '';
+        if ($need_test) {
+            $flag_parts = [];
+            if (!empty($extensions)) {
+                $flag_parts[] = '--for-extensions=' . implode(',', $extensions);
+            }
+            if (!empty($libs)) {
+                $flag_parts[] = '--for-libs=' . implode(',', $libs);
+            }
+            if (!empty($os_keys)) {
+                $flag_parts[] = '--os=' . implode(',', $os_keys);
+            }
+            $gen_matrix_args = implode(' ', $flag_parts);
+
+            if ($tier2) {
+                // Tier2 covers Linux + macOS only (never Windows)
+                $tier2_os = array_values(array_filter(
+                    !empty($os_keys) ? $os_keys : ['Linux', 'Darwin'],
+                    fn ($k) => $k !== 'Windows'
+                ));
+                if (!empty($tier2_os)) {
+                    $tier2_parts = array_values(array_filter($flag_parts, fn ($f) => !str_starts_with($f, '--os=')));
+                    $tier2_parts[] = '--os=' . implode(',', $tier2_os);
+                    $tier2_parts[] = '--tier2';
+                    $gen_matrix_args_tier2 = implode(' ', $tier2_parts);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $comment_body = $this->buildCommentBody(
+            $extensions,
+            $libs,
+            $targets,
+            $label_names,
+            $os_keys,
+            $tier2,
+            $php_versions,
+            $need_test,
+        );
+
+        $result = [
+            'need_test' => $need_test,
+            'extensions' => array_values($extensions),
+            'libs' => array_values($libs),
+            'targets' => array_values($targets),
+            'gen_matrix_args' => $gen_matrix_args,
+            'gen_matrix_args_tier2' => $gen_matrix_args_tier2,
+            'php_versions' => array_values($php_versions),
+            'tier2' => $tier2,
+            'comment_body' => $comment_body,
+        ];
+
+        $this->output->write(json_encode($result, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE));
+        return static::SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fetch all changed files for a PR across up to 3 pages (max 300 files).
+     */
+    private function fetchPaginatedFiles(string $repo, int $pr, array $headers): array
+    {
+        $files = [];
+        for ($page = 1; $page <= 3; ++$page) {
+            $url = sprintf('%s/repos/%s/pulls/%d/files?per_page=100&page=%d', self::API_BASE, $repo, $pr, $page);
+            $batch = $this->apiGet($url, $headers);
+            if (empty($batch)) {
+                break;
+            }
+            $files = array_merge($files, $batch);
+            if (count($batch) < 100) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return $files;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform a GET request and return decoded JSON array, or null on failure.
+     */
+    private function apiGet(string $url, array $headers): ?array
+    {
+        $data = default_shell()->executeCurl($url, headers: $headers);
+        $decoded = json_decode($data ?: '', true);
+        return is_array($decoded) ? $decoded : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Analyze changed file paths and classify them into extensions, libs, and targets.
+     *
+     * @return array{string[], string[], string[]}
+     */
+    private function analyzeChangedFiles(array $files): array
+    {
+        $extensions = [];
+        $libs = [];
+        $targets = [];
+
+        foreach ($files as $file) {
+            $path = $file['filename'] ?? '';
+
+            if (preg_match('#^src/Package/Extension/([^/]+)\.php$#', $path, $m)) {
+                $name = strtolower($m[1]);
+                $extensions[$name] = $name;
+            } elseif (preg_match('#^config/pkg/ext/ext-([^/]+)\.yml$#', $path, $m)) {
+                $extensions[$m[1]] = $m[1];
+            } elseif (preg_match('#^src/Package/Library/([^/]+)\.php$#', $path, $m)) {
+                $name = strtolower($m[1]);
+                $libs[$name] = $name;
+            } elseif (preg_match('#^config/pkg/lib/([^/]+)\.yml$#', $path, $m)) {
+                $libs[$m[1]] = $m[1];
+            } elseif (preg_match('#^src/Package/Target/([^/]+)\.php$#', $path, $m)) {
+                $name = strtolower($m[1]);
+                $targets[$name] = $name;
+            } elseif (preg_match('#^config/pkg/target/([^/]+)\.yml$#', $path, $m)) {
+                $targets[$m[1]] = $m[1];
+            }
+        }
+
+        sort($extensions);
+        sort($libs);
+        sort($targets);
+
+        return [$extensions, $libs, $targets];
+    }
+
+    private function buildCommentBody(
+        array $extensions,
+        array $libs,
+        array $targets,
+        array $label_names,
+        array $os_keys,
+        bool $tier2,
+        array $php_versions,
+        bool $need_test,
+    ): string {
+        $fmt = static fn (array $items): string => !empty($items)
+            ? '`' . implode('`, `', $items) . '`'
+            : '_none_';
+
+        $detected = sprintf(
+            '**Detected**: Extensions: %s | Libraries: %s | Targets: %s',
+            $fmt($extensions),
+            $fmt($libs),
+            $fmt($targets),
+        );
+
+        // Case 1: need-test absent → invite the author to add it
+        if (!$need_test) {
+            return implode("\n", [
+                '<!-- spc-test-bot -->',
+                '**StaticPHP Test Bot**',
+                '',
+                $detected,
+                '',
+                'To trigger extension build tests on this PR, add the `need-test` label:',
+                '',
+                '**Gate**: `need-test`',
+                '**Platform filter** (optional, default all): `test/linux` `test/windows` `test/macos` · `test/tier2`',
+                '**PHP version** (optional, default 8.5): `test/php-83` `test/php-84`',
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        // Case 2: need-test present → show what will run
+        // os_keys empty = no filter = all platforms
+        $effective_os = !empty($os_keys)
+            ? $os_keys
+            : array_values(self::PLATFORM_LABELS);  // all OS keys
+
+        $platform_parts = [];
+        foreach (self::PLATFORM_LABELS as $_label => $os_key) {
+            if (!in_array($os_key, $effective_os, true)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $platform_parts[] = match ($os_key) {
+                'Linux' => 'Linux x86_64',
+                'Darwin' => 'macOS arm64',
+                /* @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
+                'Windows' => 'Windows x86_64',
+                default => $os_key,
+            };
+        }
+        if ($tier2) {
+            if (in_array('Linux', $effective_os, true)) {
+                $platform_parts[] = 'Linux aarch64 (Tier2)';
+            }
+            if (in_array('Darwin', $effective_os, true)) {
+                $platform_parts[] = 'macOS x86_64 (Tier2)';
+            }
+        }
+
+        $php_str = implode(', ', array_map(fn ($v) => "PHP {$v}", $php_versions)) . ' NTS';
+        $active_test_labels = array_values(array_filter($label_names, fn ($l) => str_starts_with($l, 'test/')));
+        $labels_str = !empty($active_test_labels) ? '`' . implode('`, `', $active_test_labels) . '`' : '_none_';
+
+        return implode("\n", [
+            '<!-- spc-test-bot -->',
+            '**StaticPHP Test Bot**',
+            '',
+            $detected,
+            '**Active labels**: ' . $labels_str,
+            '**Config**: ' . implode(' + ', $platform_parts) . ' | ' . $php_str,
+        ]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/ConsoleApplication.php b/src/StaticPHP/ConsoleApplication.php
index 06234f769..cf305e05b 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/ConsoleApplication.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/ConsoleApplication.php
@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@
 use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\EnvCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\GenDepsDataCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\GenExtDocsCommand;
+use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\GenExtTestMatrixCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\IsInstalledCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\LintConfigCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\PackageInfoCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\PackLibCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\ShellCommand;
+use StaticPHP\Command\Dev\TestBotCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\DoctorCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\DownloadCommand;
 use StaticPHP\Command\DumpExtensionsCommand;
@@ -85,6 +87,8 @@ public function __construct()
             new PackageInfoCommand(),
             new GenExtDocsCommand(),
             new GenDepsDataCommand(),
+            new GenExtTestMatrixCommand(),
+            new TestBotCommand(),
         ]);
 
         // add additional commands from registries
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Package/PackageInstaller.php b/src/StaticPHP/Package/PackageInstaller.php
index 750ddbaf0..9cd0a1067 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/Package/PackageInstaller.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Package/PackageInstaller.php
@@ -350,7 +350,10 @@ public function isPackageInstalled(Package|string $package_name): bool
         }
         // Fallback: if the download cache is missing (e.g. download failed or cache was cleared),
         // still check whether the files are physically present in buildroot.
-        if ($package instanceof LibraryPackage) {
+        // Note: TargetPackage extends LibraryPackage, but target packages (e.g. zig) have no
+        // static-libs/headers configured, so isInstalled() would trivially return true for them.
+        // Only apply this fallback to pure library packages.
+        if ($package instanceof LibraryPackage && !($package instanceof TargetPackage)) {
             return $package->isInstalled();
         }
         return false;
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Runtime/Executor/UnixCMakeExecutor.php b/src/StaticPHP/Runtime/Executor/UnixCMakeExecutor.php
index ecf17693c..82fa468ae 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/Runtime/Executor/UnixCMakeExecutor.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Runtime/Executor/UnixCMakeExecutor.php
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ private function getDefaultCMakeArgs(): array
 
         // EXE linker flags: base system libs + framework flags for target packages
         $exeLinkerFlags = SystemTarget::getRuntimeLibs();
-        if ($this->package instanceof TargetPackage) {
+        if ($this->package instanceof TargetPackage && SystemTarget::getTargetOS() === 'Darwin') {
             $resolvedNames = array_keys($this->installer->getResolvedPackages());
             $resolvedNames[] = $this->package->getName();
             $fwFlags = new SPCConfigUtil()->getFrameworksString($resolvedNames);
diff --git a/src/StaticPHP/Runtime/Shell/DefaultShell.php b/src/StaticPHP/Runtime/Shell/DefaultShell.php
index 8f77f62d7..f20fca339 100644
--- a/src/StaticPHP/Runtime/Shell/DefaultShell.php
+++ b/src/StaticPHP/Runtime/Shell/DefaultShell.php
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ public function executeCurl(string $url, string $method = 'GET', array $headers
         $cmd = SPC_CURL_EXEC . " -sfSL --max-time 3600 {$retry_arg} {$compressed_arg} {$method_arg} {$header_arg} {$url_arg}";
 
         $this->logCommandInfo($cmd);
+        logger()->debug("[CURL EXECUTE] {$cmd}");
         $result = $this->passthru($cmd, capture_output: true, throw_on_error: false);
         $ret = $result['code'];
         $output = $result['output'];
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ public function executeCurlDownload(string $url, string $path, array $headers =
     /**
      * Execute a Git clone command to clone a repository.
      */
-    public function executeGitClone(string $url, string $branch, string $path, bool $shallow = true, ?array $submodules = null): void
+    public function executeGitClone(string $url, string $branch, string $path, bool $shallow = true, ?array $submodules = null, int $retries = 0): void
     {
         $path = FileSystem::convertPath($path);
         if (file_exists($path)) {
@@ -98,7 +99,21 @@ public function executeGitClone(string $url, string $branch, string $path, bool
         $cmd = clean_spaces("{$git} clone -c http.lowSpeedLimit=1 -c http.lowSpeedTime=3600 --config core.autocrlf=false --branch {$branch_arg} {$shallow_arg} {$submodules_arg} {$url_arg} {$path_arg}");
         $this->logCommandInfo($cmd);
         logger()->debug("[GIT CLONE] {$cmd}");
-        $this->passthru($cmd, $this->console_putput);
+        try {
+            $this->passthru($cmd, $this->console_putput);
+        } catch (InterruptException $e) {
+            throw $e;
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            if ($retries > 0) {
+                logger()->warning("Git clone failed, retrying... ({$retries} retries left)");
+                if (is_dir($path)) {
+                    FileSystem::removeDir($path);
+                }
+                $this->executeGitClone($url, $branch, $path, $shallow, $submodules, $retries - 1);
+                return;
+            }
+            throw $e;
+        }
         if ($submodules !== null) {
             $depth_flag = $shallow ? '--depth 1' : '';
             foreach ($submodules as $submodule) {