From 8dcb1c3af8415e3e5165b5c15015333e8e934219 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pavel Feldman <pavel.feldman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 16:33:55 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] chore(tools): ban `as any` via eslint and fix existing
 usages (#39709)

---
 eslint.config.mjs                                          | 7 +++++++
 .../playwright-core/src/tools/backend/browserBackend.ts    | 7 ++++---
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/evaluate.ts     | 1 +
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/response.ts     | 4 +---
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/screenshot.ts   | 1 +
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/sessionLog.ts   | 5 +----
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tab.ts          | 2 ++
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tracing.ts      | 2 ++
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/utils.ts        | 2 ++
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/verify.ts       | 3 ++-
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/command.ts   | 2 +-
 .../playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardApp.ts    | 5 ++++-
 .../src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts             | 5 ++++-
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/browserFactory.ts   | 1 +
 14 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/eslint.config.mjs b/eslint.config.mjs
index e9875fbfae903..23dc500594841 100644
--- a/eslint.config.mjs
+++ b/eslint.config.mjs
@@ -367,6 +367,13 @@ export default [
           }],
         },
       ],
+      "no-restricted-syntax": [
+        "error",
+        {
+          selector: "TSAsExpression > TSAnyKeyword",
+          message: "Avoid 'as any' — risk of accidentally casting to client interfaces. Use a precise type or add an eslint-disable with justification.",
+        },
+      ],
     },
   },
   {
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/browserBackend.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/browserBackend.ts
index 6ab579763ad66..222b6e26cbaa1 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/browserBackend.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/browserBackend.ts
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export class BrowserBackend implements ServerBackend {
     await this._context?.dispose().catch(e => debug('pw:tools:error')(e));
   }
 
-  async callTool(name: string, rawArguments: mcpServer.CallToolRequest['params']['arguments']) {
+  async callTool(name: string, rawArguments: mcpServer.CallToolRequest['params']['arguments'] & { _meta?: Record<string, any> } = {}): Promise<mcpServer.CallToolResult> {
     const tool = this._tools.find(tool => tool.schema.name === name)!;
     if (!tool) {
       return {
@@ -59,8 +59,9 @@ export class BrowserBackend implements ServerBackend {
         isError: true,
       };
     }
-    const parsedArguments = tool.schema.inputSchema.parse(rawArguments || {}) as any;
-    const cwd = rawArguments?._meta && typeof rawArguments?._meta === 'object' && (rawArguments._meta as any)?.cwd;
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+    const parsedArguments = tool.schema.inputSchema.parse(rawArguments) as any;
+    const cwd = rawArguments._meta?.cwd;
     const context = this._context!;
     const response = new Response(context, name, parsedArguments, cwd);
     context.setRunningTool(name);
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/evaluate.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/evaluate.ts
index 6e0ce373f4a4b..30cf32f48f406 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/evaluate.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/evaluate.ts
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const evaluate = defineTabTool({
     }
 
     await tab.waitForCompletion(async () => {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
       const func = new Function() as any;
       func.toString = () => params.function;
       const result = locator?.locator ? await locator?.locator.evaluate(func) : await tab.page.evaluate(func);
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/response.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/response.ts
index d686353c66c9a..c3603481385d6 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/response.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/response.ts
@@ -276,9 +276,7 @@ function trimMiddle(text: string, maxLength: number) {
  * Replaces lone surrogates with U+FFFD using String.prototype.toWellFormed().
  */
 function sanitizeUnicode(text: string): string {
-  if ((String.prototype as any).toWellFormed)
-    return text.toWellFormed();
-  return text;
+  return text.toWellFormed?.() ?? text;
 }
 
 function parseSections(text: string): Map<string, string> {
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/screenshot.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/screenshot.ts
index b2273965a1ac9..4cfa23e7608f6 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/screenshot.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/screenshot.ts
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ export function scaleImageToFitMessage(buffer: Buffer, imageType: 'png' | 'jpeg'
   const width = image.width * shrink | 0;
   const height = image.height * shrink | 0;
   const scaledImage = scaleImageToSize(image, { width, height });
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
   return imageType === 'png' ? PNG.sync.write(scaledImage as any) : jpegjs.encode(scaledImage, 80).data;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/sessionLog.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/sessionLog.ts
index 8e213031d270b..f4497a2ccdb15 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/sessionLog.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/sessionLog.ts
@@ -41,10 +41,7 @@ export class SessionLog {
   }
 
   logResponse(toolName: string, toolArgs: Record<string, any>, responseObject: any) {
-    const parsed = parseResponse(responseObject) as any;
-    if (parsed)
-      delete parsed.text;
-
+    const parsed = { ...parseResponse(responseObject), text: undefined };
     const lines: string[] = [''];
     lines.push(
         `### Tool call: ${toolName}`,
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tab.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tab.ts
index be8b823e983ff..89d4241044813 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tab.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tab.ts
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ export class Tab extends EventEmitter<TabEventsInterface> {
         void this._downloadStarted(download);
       }),
     ];
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     (page as any)[tabSymbol] = this;
     const wallTime = Date.now();
     this._consoleLog = new LogFile(this.context, wallTime, 'console', 'Console');
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ export class Tab extends EventEmitter<TabEventsInterface> {
   }
 
   static forPage(page: playwright.Page): Tab | undefined {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     return (page as any)[tabSymbol];
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tracing.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tracing.ts
index 9b1eeeba15177..2d8090c0d4323 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tracing.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/tracing.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ const tracingStart = defineTool({
     response.addFileLink('Action log', `${tracesDir}/${name}.trace`);
     response.addFileLink('Network log', `${tracesDir}/${name}.network`);
     response.addFileLink('Resources', `${tracesDir}/resources`);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     (browserContext.tracing as any)[traceLegendSymbol] = { tracesDir, name };
   },
 });
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ const tracingStop = defineTool({
   handle: async (context, params, response) => {
     const browserContext = await context.ensureBrowserContext();
     await browserContext.tracing.stop();
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     const traceLegend = (browserContext.tracing as any)[traceLegendSymbol];
     response.addTextResult(`Trace recording stopped.`);
     response.addFileLink('Trace', `${traceLegend.tracesDir}/${traceLegend.name}.trace`);
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/utils.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/utils.ts
index b235de4d9b83a..2b1a4a659943b 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/utils.ts
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ export function eventWaiter<T>(page: playwright.Page, event: string, timeout: nu
   const disposables: (() => void)[] = [];
 
   const eventPromise = new Promise<T | undefined>((resolve, reject) => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     page.on(event as any, resolve as any);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     disposables.push(() => page.off(event as any, resolve as any));
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/verify.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/verify.ts
index b1535756793d3..60b65272a4764 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/verify.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/backend/verify.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { z } from '../../mcpBundle';
 import { escapeWithQuotes } from '../../utils/isomorphic/stringUtils';
 
 import { defineTabTool } from './tool';
+import type * as playwright from '../../..';
 
 const verifyElement = defineTabTool({
   capability: 'testing',
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ const verifyElement = defineTabTool({
 
   handle: async (tab, params, response) => {
     for (const frame of tab.page.frames()) {
-      const locator = frame.getByRole(params.role as any, { name: params.accessibleName });
+      const locator = frame.getByRole(params.role as Parameters<playwright.Frame['getByRole']>[0], { name: params.accessibleName });
       if (await locator.count() > 0) {
         const resolved = await locator.toCode();
         response.addCode(`await expect(page.${resolved}).toBeVisible();`);
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/command.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/command.ts
index 04de065bada0e..bd60bf7bf74bb 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/command.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/command.ts
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ function zodParse(schema: zodType.ZodAny, data: unknown, type: 'option' | 'argum
     return schema.parse(data);
   } catch (e) {
     throw new Error((e as zodType.ZodError).issues.map(issue => {
-      const keys: string[] = (issue as any).keys || [''];
+      const keys: string[] = issue.code === 'unrecognized_keys' ? issue.keys : [''];
       const props = keys.map(key => [...issue.path, key].filter(Boolean).join('.'));
       return props.map(prop => {
         const label = type === 'option' ? `'--${prop}' option` : `'${prop}' argument`;
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardApp.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardApp.ts
index becbc59342c32..f2d8d336c660c 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardApp.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardApp.ts
@@ -216,7 +216,8 @@ async function launchApp(appName: string) {
 
   const image = await fs.promises.readFile(path.join(__dirname, 'appIcon.png'));
   // This is local Playwright, so I can access private methods.
-  await (page as any)._setDockTile(image);
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax -- it is not essential, can regress.
+  await (page as any)._setDockTile?.(image);
   await syncLocalStorageWithSettings(page, appName);
   return { context, page };
 }
@@ -238,7 +239,9 @@ export async function syncLocalStorageWithSettings(page: api.Page, appName: stri
         if (window.top !== window)
           return;
         Object.entries(settings).map(([k, v]) => localStorage[k] = v);
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
         (window as any).saveSettings = () => {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
           (window as any)._saveSerializedSettings(JSON.stringify({ ...localStorage }));
         };
       })})(${settings});
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
index a20cb91420c79..d8cf80556622c 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ export class DashboardConnection implements Transport, DashboardChannel {
 
   async dispatch(method: string, params: any): Promise<any> {
     await this._initPromise;
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     return (this as any)[method]?.(params);
   }
 
@@ -260,10 +261,12 @@ export class DashboardConnection implements Transport, DashboardChannel {
   }
 
   private _pageId(p: api.Page): string {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax -- _guid is very conservative.
     return (p as any)._guid;
   }
 
   private async _devtoolsUrl(page: api.Page) {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax -- cdpPort is not in the public LaunchOptions type, fine if regresses.
     const cdpPort = (this._browserDescriptor.browser.launchOptions as any).cdpPort;
     if (cdpPort)
       return new URL(`http://localhost:${cdpPort}/devtools/`);
@@ -327,7 +330,7 @@ export class CDPConnection implements Transport {
     await this._initializePromise;
     if (!this._rawSession)
       throw new Error('CDP session is not initialized');
-    return await this._rawSession.send(method as any, params);
+    return await this._rawSession.send(method as Parameters<api.CDPSession['send']>[0], params);
   }
 
   onclose() {
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/browserFactory.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/browserFactory.ts
index 26a16054941c1..6b3f9b2c958dd 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/browserFactory.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/browserFactory.ts
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ async function createUserDataDir(config: FullConfig, clientInfo: ClientInfo) {
 
 async function injectCdpPort(browserConfig: FullConfig['browser']) {
   if (browserConfig.browserName === 'chromium')
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     (browserConfig.launchOptions as any).cdpPort = await findFreePort();
 }
 

From 4e00ab73c394d6d542c77c987aa4384f38088418 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Holger Benl <hbenl@evandor.de>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:39:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] chore(bidi): fix console.warn() message type (#39702)

---
 packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiPage.ts | 3 ++-
 tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt | 1 -
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiPage.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiPage.ts
index 3911b4517a5c1..f94fe48c1a52c 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiPage.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiPage.ts
@@ -292,7 +292,8 @@ export class BidiPage implements PageDelegate {
 
     const callFrame = params.stackTrace?.callFrames[0];
     const location = callFrame ?? { url: '', lineNumber: 1, columnNumber: 1 };
-    this._page.addConsoleMessage(null, entry.method, entry.args.map(arg => createHandle(context, arg)), location, undefined, params.timestamp);
+    const type = entry.method === 'warn' ? 'warning' : entry.method;
+    this._page.addConsoleMessage(null, type, entry.args.map(arg => createHandle(context, arg)), location, undefined, params.timestamp);
   }
 
   private async _onFileDialogOpened(params: bidi.Input.FileDialogInfo) {
diff --git a/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt b/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt
index b0237ad33689a..aaec3f6391531 100644
--- a/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt
+++ b/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ page/page-emulate-media.spec.ts › should work during navigation [fail]
 page/page-event-console.spec.ts › should have location for console API calls [fail]
 page/page-event-console.spec.ts › should trigger correct Log [timeout]
 page/page-event-console.spec.ts › should work @smoke [flaky]
-page/page-event-console.spec.ts › should work for different console API calls [fail]
 page/page-event-request.spec.ts › should report requests and responses handled by service worker [fail]
 page/page-event-request.spec.ts › should report requests and responses handled by service worker with routing [fail]
 page/page-expose-function.spec.ts › should work with setContent [timeout]

From e1decbf18246514c90b925cae9e5003c7b53a8fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pavel Feldman <pavel.feldman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 17:18:52 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] chore(mcp): remove unused install-browser command
 (#39694)

---
 .../playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/cli-stub.ts    |  7 +------
 .../playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/program.ts     | 16 ----------------
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/cli-stub.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/cli-stub.ts
index 36de64d4eb949..269212dec7ca5 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/cli-stub.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/cli-stub.ts
@@ -15,14 +15,9 @@
  */
 
 import { program } from '../../utilsBundle';
-import { decorateMCPCommand, decorateMCPInstallBrowserCommand } from './program';
+import { decorateMCPCommand } from './program';
 
 const packageJSON = require('../../../package.json');
 const p = program.version('Version ' + packageJSON.version).name('Playwright MCP');
 decorateMCPCommand(p);
-
-const installBrowserCommand = p.command('install-browser');
-installBrowserCommand.description('Install browser for Playwright MCP');
-decorateMCPInstallBrowserCommand(installBrowserCommand);
-
 void program.parseAsync(process.argv);
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/program.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/program.ts
index e0026dc891f46..794bb8f2cc32e 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/program.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/mcp/program.ts
@@ -142,19 +142,3 @@ export function decorateMCPCommand(command: Command) {
         await mcpServer.start(factory, config.server);
       });
 }
-
-export function decorateMCPInstallBrowserCommand(command: Command) {
-  command
-      .description('ensure browsers necessary for this version of Playwright are installed')
-      .option('--with-deps', 'install system dependencies for browsers')
-      .option('--dry-run', 'do not execute installation, only print information')
-      .option('--list', 'prints list of browsers from all playwright installations')
-      .option('--force', 'force reinstall of already installed browsers')
-      .option('--only-shell', 'only install headless shell when installing chromium')
-      .option('--no-shell', 'do not install chromium headless shell')
-      .action(async options => {
-        const argv = process.argv.map(arg => arg === 'install-browser' ? 'install' : arg);
-        const { program: mainProgram } = await import('../../cli/program');
-        mainProgram.parse(argv);
-      });
-}

From e90b25bbb5ce78064b6f1a8800796072961b877d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pavel Feldman <pavel.feldman@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 17:19:03 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] fix(api): make Page.screencast a property instead of a
 method (#39711)

---
 docs/src/api/class-page.md                    | 13 +++---
 docs/src/api/class-screencast.md              |  4 +-
 packages/playwright-client/types/types.d.ts   | 43 +++++++++----------
 packages/playwright-core/src/client/page.ts   |  8 +---
 .../tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts    |  8 ++--
 packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts     | 43 +++++++++----------
 tests/library/screencast.spec.ts              | 24 +++++------
 7 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/src/api/class-page.md b/docs/src/api/class-page.md
index 42c4714c487e5..071af1d84d76a 100644
--- a/docs/src/api/class-page.md
+++ b/docs/src/api/class-page.md
@@ -3857,23 +3857,22 @@ Handler function to route the WebSocket.
 Handler function to route the WebSocket.
 
 
-## method: Page.screencast
+## property: Page.screencast
 * since: v1.59
 * langs: js
-- returns: <[Screencast]>
+- type: <[Screencast]>
 
-Returns the [Screencast] object associated with this page.
+[Screencast] object associated with this page.
 
 **Usage**
 
 ```js
-const screencast = page.screencast();
-screencast.on('screencastFrame', data => {
+page.screencast.on('screencastFrame', data => {
   console.log('received frame, jpeg size:', data.length);
 });
-await screencast.start();
+await page.screencast.start();
 // ... perform actions ...
-await screencast.stop();
+await page.screencast.stop();
 ```
 
 
diff --git a/docs/src/api/class-screencast.md b/docs/src/api/class-screencast.md
index b013d1e54ac8d..c5aab7e1af774 100644
--- a/docs/src/api/class-screencast.md
+++ b/docs/src/api/class-screencast.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Emitted for each captured JPEG screencast frame while the screencast is running.
 **Usage**
 
 ```js
-const screencast = page.screencast();
+const screencast = page.screencast;
 screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, jpeg size: ${data.length}`);
   require('fs').writeFileSync('frame.jpg', data);
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Starts capturing screencast frames. Frames are emitted as [`event: Screencast.sc
 **Usage**
 
 ```js
-const screencast = page.screencast();
+const screencast = page.screencast;
 screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, size: ${data.length}`);
 });
diff --git a/packages/playwright-client/types/types.d.ts b/packages/playwright-client/types/types.d.ts
index 2449c65b39211..10be6cbb19f2e 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-client/types/types.d.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-client/types/types.d.ts
@@ -4157,24 +4157,6 @@ export interface Page {
    */
   routeWebSocket(url: string|RegExp|URLPattern|((url: URL) => boolean), handler: ((websocketroute: WebSocketRoute) => Promise<any>|any)): Promise<void>;
 
-  /**
-   * Returns the [Screencast](https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-screencast) object associated with this page.
-   *
-   * **Usage**
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
-   * screencast.on('screencastFrame', data => {
-   *   console.log('received frame, jpeg size:', data.length);
-   * });
-   * await screencast.start();
-   * // ... perform actions ...
-   * await screencast.stop();
-   * ```
-   *
-   */
-  screencast(): Screencast;
-
   /**
    * Returns the buffer with the captured screenshot.
    * @param options
@@ -5311,6 +5293,23 @@ export interface Page {
    */
   request: APIRequestContext;
 
+  /**
+   * [Screencast](https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-screencast) object associated with this page.
+   *
+   * **Usage**
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * page.screencast.on('screencastFrame', data => {
+   *   console.log('received frame, jpeg size:', data.length);
+   * });
+   * await page.screencast.start();
+   * // ... perform actions ...
+   * await page.screencast.stop();
+   * ```
+   *
+   */
+  screencast: Screencast;
+
   touchscreen: Touchscreen;
 
   [Symbol.asyncDispose](): Promise<void>;
@@ -21648,7 +21647,7 @@ export interface Screencast {
    * **Usage**
    *
    * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
+   * const screencast = page.screencast;
    * screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
    *   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, jpeg size: ${data.length}`);
    *   require('fs').writeFileSync('frame.jpg', data);
@@ -21682,7 +21681,7 @@ export interface Screencast {
    * **Usage**
    *
    * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
+   * const screencast = page.screencast;
    * screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
    *   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, jpeg size: ${data.length}`);
    *   require('fs').writeFileSync('frame.jpg', data);
@@ -21726,7 +21725,7 @@ export interface Screencast {
    * **Usage**
    *
    * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
+   * const screencast = page.screencast;
    * screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
    *   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, jpeg size: ${data.length}`);
    *   require('fs').writeFileSync('frame.jpg', data);
@@ -21752,7 +21751,7 @@ export interface Screencast {
    * **Usage**
    *
    * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
+   * const screencast = page.screencast;
    * screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
    *   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, size: ${data.length}`);
    * });
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/client/page.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/client/page.ts
index 143b34822283b..3f58b2bb37921 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/client/page.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/client/page.ts
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ export class Page extends ChannelOwner<channels.PageChannel> implements api.Page
   readonly request: APIRequestContext;
   readonly touchscreen: Touchscreen;
   readonly clock: Clock;
+  readonly screencast: Screencast;
 
 
   readonly _bindings = new Map<string, (source: structs.BindingSource, ...args: any[]) => any>();
   readonly _timeoutSettings: TimeoutSettings;
   private _video: Video;
-  private _screencast: Screencast;
   readonly _opener: Page | null;
   private _closeReason: string | undefined;
   _closeWasCalled: boolean = false;
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ export class Page extends ChannelOwner<channels.PageChannel> implements api.Page
     this._closed = initializer.isClosed;
     this._opener = Page.fromNullable(initializer.opener);
     this._video = new Video(this, this._connection, initializer.video ? Artifact.from(initializer.video) : undefined);
-    this._screencast = new Screencast(this);
+    this.screencast = new Screencast(this);
 
     this._channel.on('bindingCall', ({ binding }) => this._onBinding(BindingCall.from(binding)));
     this._channel.on('close', () => this._onClose());
@@ -285,10 +285,6 @@ export class Page extends ChannelOwner<channels.PageChannel> implements api.Page
     return this._video;
   }
 
-  screencast(): Screencast {
-    return this._screencast;
-  }
-
   async pickLocator(): Promise<Locator> {
     const { selector } = await this._channel.pickLocator({});
     return this.locator(selector);
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
index d8cf80556622c..aae12854225fa 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ export class DashboardConnection implements Transport, DashboardChannel {
     if (this.selectedPage) {
       this._pageListeners.forEach(d => d.dispose());
       this._pageListeners = [];
-      await this.selectedPage.screencast().stop();
+      await this.selectedPage.screencast.stop();
     }
 
     this.selectedPage = page;
@@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ export class DashboardConnection implements Transport, DashboardChannel {
           if (frame === page.mainFrame())
             this._sendTabList();
         }),
-        eventsHelper.addEventListener(page.screencast(), 'screencastframe', ({ data }) => this._writeFrame(data, page.viewportSize()?.width ?? 0, page.viewportSize()?.height ?? 0))
+        eventsHelper.addEventListener(page.screencast, 'screencastframe', ({ data }) => this._writeFrame(data, page.viewportSize()?.width ?? 0, page.viewportSize()?.height ?? 0))
     );
 
     const maxSize = { width: 1280, height: 800 };
-    await page.screencast().start({ maxSize });
+    await page.screencast.start({ maxSize });
   }
 
   private _deselectPage() {
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ export class DashboardConnection implements Transport, DashboardChannel {
       return;
     this._pageListeners.forEach(d => d.dispose());
     this._pageListeners = [];
-    this.selectedPage.screencast().stop().catch(() => {});
+    this.selectedPage.screencast.stop().catch(() => {});
     this.selectedPage = null;
     this._lastFrameData = null;
     this._lastViewportSize = null;
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts b/packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts
index 2449c65b39211..10be6cbb19f2e 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts
@@ -4157,24 +4157,6 @@ export interface Page {
    */
   routeWebSocket(url: string|RegExp|URLPattern|((url: URL) => boolean), handler: ((websocketroute: WebSocketRoute) => Promise<any>|any)): Promise<void>;
 
-  /**
-   * Returns the [Screencast](https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-screencast) object associated with this page.
-   *
-   * **Usage**
-   *
-   * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
-   * screencast.on('screencastFrame', data => {
-   *   console.log('received frame, jpeg size:', data.length);
-   * });
-   * await screencast.start();
-   * // ... perform actions ...
-   * await screencast.stop();
-   * ```
-   *
-   */
-  screencast(): Screencast;
-
   /**
    * Returns the buffer with the captured screenshot.
    * @param options
@@ -5311,6 +5293,23 @@ export interface Page {
    */
   request: APIRequestContext;
 
+  /**
+   * [Screencast](https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-screencast) object associated with this page.
+   *
+   * **Usage**
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * page.screencast.on('screencastFrame', data => {
+   *   console.log('received frame, jpeg size:', data.length);
+   * });
+   * await page.screencast.start();
+   * // ... perform actions ...
+   * await page.screencast.stop();
+   * ```
+   *
+   */
+  screencast: Screencast;
+
   touchscreen: Touchscreen;
 
   [Symbol.asyncDispose](): Promise<void>;
@@ -21648,7 +21647,7 @@ export interface Screencast {
    * **Usage**
    *
    * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
+   * const screencast = page.screencast;
    * screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
    *   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, jpeg size: ${data.length}`);
    *   require('fs').writeFileSync('frame.jpg', data);
@@ -21682,7 +21681,7 @@ export interface Screencast {
    * **Usage**
    *
    * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
+   * const screencast = page.screencast;
    * screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
    *   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, jpeg size: ${data.length}`);
    *   require('fs').writeFileSync('frame.jpg', data);
@@ -21726,7 +21725,7 @@ export interface Screencast {
    * **Usage**
    *
    * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
+   * const screencast = page.screencast;
    * screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
    *   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, jpeg size: ${data.length}`);
    *   require('fs').writeFileSync('frame.jpg', data);
@@ -21752,7 +21751,7 @@ export interface Screencast {
    * **Usage**
    *
    * ```js
-   * const screencast = page.screencast();
+   * const screencast = page.screencast;
    * screencast.on('screencastframe', ({ data, width, height }) => {
    *   console.log(`frame ${width}x${height}, size: ${data.length}`);
    * });
diff --git a/tests/library/screencast.spec.ts b/tests/library/screencast.spec.ts
index 2b2d207f4fd5b..ade493c914b27 100644
--- a/tests/library/screencast.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/library/screencast.spec.ts
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ test('screencast.start emits screencastframe events', async ({ browser, server,
   const page = await context.newPage();
 
   const frames: { data: Buffer }[] = [];
-  page.screencast().on('screencastframe', frame => frames.push(frame));
+  page.screencast.on('screencastframe', frame => frames.push(frame));
 
   const maxSize = { width: 500, height: 400 };
-  await page.screencast().start({ maxSize });
+  await page.screencast.start({ maxSize });
   await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
   await page.evaluate(() => document.body.style.backgroundColor = 'red');
   await rafraf(page, 100);
-  await page.screencast().stop();
+  await page.screencast.stop();
 
   expect(frames.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
   for (const frame of frames) {
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ test('start throws if already running', async ({ browser, trace }) => {
   const context = await browser.newContext({ viewport: size });
   const page = await context.newPage();
 
-  await page.screencast().start({ maxSize: size });
-  await expect(page.screencast().start({ maxSize: { width: 320, height: 240 } })).rejects.toThrow('Screencast is already running');
+  await page.screencast.start({ maxSize: size });
+  await expect(page.screencast.start({ maxSize: { width: 320, height: 240 } })).rejects.toThrow('Screencast is already running');
 
-  await page.screencast().stop();
+  await page.screencast.stop();
   await context.close();
 });
 
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ test('start allows restart with different options after stop', async ({ browser,
   const context = await browser.newContext({ viewport: { width: 500, height: 400 } });
   const page = await context.newPage();
 
-  await page.screencast().start({ maxSize: { width: 500, height: 400 } });
-  await page.screencast().stop();
+  await page.screencast.start({ maxSize: { width: 500, height: 400 } });
+  await page.screencast.stop();
   // Different options should succeed once the previous screencast is stopped.
-  await page.screencast().start({ maxSize: { width: 320, height: 240 } });
-  await page.screencast().stop();
+  await page.screencast.start({ maxSize: { width: 320, height: 240 } });
+  await page.screencast.stop();
   await context.close();
 });
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ test('start throws when video recording is running with different params', async
   const page = await context.newPage();
 
   await page.video().start({ size: videoSize });
-  await expect(page.screencast().start({ maxSize: { width: 320, height: 240 } })).rejects.toThrow('Screencast is already running with different options');
+  await expect(page.screencast.start({ maxSize: { width: 320, height: 240 } })).rejects.toThrow('Screencast is already running with different options');
 
   await page.video().stop();
   await context.close();
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test('video.start does not emit screencastframe events', async ({ page, server,
   test.skip(trace === 'on', 'trace=on enables screencast frame events');
 
   const frames = [];
-  page.screencast().on('screencastframe', frame => frames.push(frame));
+  page.screencast.on('screencastframe', frame => frames.push(frame));
 
   await page.video().start({ size: { width: 320, height: 240 } });
   await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);

From b0898ee1cf058532968bc125b24fd09ece1fd018 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "microsoft-playwright-automation[bot]"
 <203992400+microsoft-playwright-automation[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 17:23:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] test: roll stable-test-runner to
 1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16 (#39699)

---
 .../stable-test-runner/package-lock.json      | 24 +++++++++----------
 .../stable-test-runner/package.json           |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/playwright-test/stable-test-runner/package-lock.json b/tests/playwright-test/stable-test-runner/package-lock.json
index 639b37ea79646..954d34dfc5e2e 100644
--- a/tests/playwright-test/stable-test-runner/package-lock.json
+++ b/tests/playwright-test/stable-test-runner/package-lock.json
@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "dependencies": {
-        "@playwright/test": "^1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09"
+        "@playwright/test": "^1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@playwright/test": {
-      "version": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@playwright/test/-/test-1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-PXeDcWsvJgqV5dTBAcCX23DrMDDuAOu4kGOqiGvVBLcV+AqGZl06Bp+dmYjA77an43fe1Xhn8ZftHnsfnqtqpA==",
+      "version": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@playwright/test/-/test-1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zJLmTNdYYVcOrGAqgNIrIVcOys89V9X4Lui/0+6JP8C8Co5wsyMjRVIxitRkl8jI/tA+Xh8o70pLn4ll/AYENQ==",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "playwright": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09"
+        "playwright": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16"
       },
       "bin": {
         "playwright": "cli.js"
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/playwright": {
-      "version": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/playwright/-/playwright-1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-S7idgqb6cxRDrJJEXcRuXNC6W/vgJj5DNMvGGX/lbqmko/Kqshs1Ab1dDg2sUVUPs8Z2vxDqIgOcTjSPN++Abw==",
+      "version": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/playwright/-/playwright-1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wtwBbAhQSPtJblmaHxomfvK5R27ddUKlq5Ikv7x59FW1w69MMJ4A/kTPI7gDVXZiJ559kP6r5oDrVAHxBRSr2g==",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "playwright-core": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09"
+        "playwright-core": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16"
       },
       "bin": {
         "playwright": "cli.js"
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/playwright-core": {
-      "version": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/playwright-core/-/playwright-core-1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Ff3X9IJPIxCyOGmv1C+YzbWEm6Z1Lg6/EEPf1864EaBw30P+dEC+YJGp01FAxYqT8Eev0VXYApv1qwM/e6q9sQ==",
+      "version": "1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/playwright-core/-/playwright-core-1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-tp/atMQoHl4bJPaE1dDr7hH9zSake93gBhz3qu5cuf3SCHL6cQC6/NTe5gcecAt9ccp99QalHhuqi+CAwC9X1g==",
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "bin": {
         "playwright-core": "cli.js"
diff --git a/tests/playwright-test/stable-test-runner/package.json b/tests/playwright-test/stable-test-runner/package.json
index 07494039ca9f9..62b00d5e1cbbf 100644
--- a/tests/playwright-test/stable-test-runner/package.json
+++ b/tests/playwright-test/stable-test-runner/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "private": true,
   "dependencies": {
-    "@playwright/test": "^1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-09"
+    "@playwright/test": "^1.59.0-alpha-2026-03-16"
   }
 }

From 40b9da3f7145fe22d09f4bdf77eb8a577457681a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mani Movassagh <74688476+manimovassagh@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 02:32:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] docs(ci): use origin/ prefix with --only-changed in
 GitHub Actions snippet (#39698)

---
 docs/src/ci.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/src/ci.md b/docs/src/ci.md
index 585295b8d98bf..5b319041a6d1e 100644
--- a/docs/src/ci.md
+++ b/docs/src/ci.md
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Playwright Browsers
       run: npx playwright install --with-deps
     - name: Run changed Playwright tests
-      run: npx playwright test --only-changed=$GITHUB_BASE_REF
+      run: npx playwright test --only-changed=origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF
       if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
     - name: Run Playwright tests
       run: npx playwright test

From 2247c2769cc86ade87f3e32a3ae45f86bf752258 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 18:33:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] chore(deps): bump black from 24.3.0 to 26.3.1 in
 /utils/doclint/linting-code-snippets/python (#39647)

---
 utils/doclint/linting-code-snippets/python/requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/utils/doclint/linting-code-snippets/python/requirements.txt b/utils/doclint/linting-code-snippets/python/requirements.txt
index 70f3034c8d80d..eb1f300ebb07e 100644
--- a/utils/doclint/linting-code-snippets/python/requirements.txt
+++ b/utils/doclint/linting-code-snippets/python/requirements.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-black==24.3.0
+black==26.3.1

From e50a59ca1c2addc62b92f5c252b12c4ed0668195 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yury Semikhatsky <yurys@chromium.org>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 21:02:26 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] test(network): remove flaky cached IMG waitForResponse
 test (#39713)

---
 tests/page/page-wait-for-response.spec.ts | 14 --------------
 1 file changed, 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/page/page-wait-for-response.spec.ts b/tests/page/page-wait-for-response.spec.ts
index c6e0bd329640f..e6734925609cd 100644
--- a/tests/page/page-wait-for-response.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/page/page-wait-for-response.spec.ts
@@ -116,17 +116,3 @@ it('should work with no timeout', async ({ page, server }) => {
   ]);
   expect(response.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/digits/2.png');
 });
-
-it('should work with re-rendered cached IMG elements', async ({ page, server, browserName, isBidi }) => {
-  it.fixme(browserName === 'webkit');
-  it.fixme(browserName === 'firefox' && !isBidi);
-  await page.goto(server.EMPTY_PAGE);
-  await page.setContent(`<img src="pptr.png">`);
-  await page.$eval('img', img => img.remove());
-  const [response] = await Promise.all([
-    page.waitForRequest(/pptr/),
-    page.waitForResponse(/pptr/),
-    page.setContent(`<img src="pptr.png">`)
-  ]);
-  expect(response.url()).toBe(server.PREFIX + '/pptr.png');
-});

From b02edbad57f34ba52b5469a819c0ecb85a86bf39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Tumanov <oleksii.tumanov@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 23:40:08 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] fix(cli): correct mousewheel delta mapping (#39716)

---
 packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/commands.ts | 6 +++---
 tests/mcp/cli-mouse.spec.ts                               | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/commands.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/commands.ts
index 69dfc9439f17d..7f7d1f9cc0102 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/commands.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/cli-daemon/commands.ts
@@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ const mouseWheel = declareCommand({
   description: 'Scroll mouse wheel',
   category: 'mouse',
   args: z.object({
-    dx: numberArg.describe('Y delta'),
-    dy: numberArg.describe('X delta'),
+    dx: numberArg.describe('X delta'),
+    dy: numberArg.describe('Y delta'),
   }),
   toolName: 'browser_mouse_wheel',
-  toolParams: ({ dx: deltaY, dy: deltaX }) => ({ deltaY, deltaX }),
+  toolParams: ({ dx: deltaX, dy: deltaY }) => ({ deltaX, deltaY }),
 });
 
 // Core
diff --git a/tests/mcp/cli-mouse.spec.ts b/tests/mcp/cli-mouse.spec.ts
index 5ce183c07e8d4..59060c747f698 100644
--- a/tests/mcp/cli-mouse.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/mcp/cli-mouse.spec.ts
@@ -45,5 +45,5 @@ test('mousewheel', async ({ cli, server }) => {
 
   await cli('mousewheel', '10', '5');
 
-  await expect.poll(() => cli('snapshot').then(result => result.snapshot)).toContain('wheel 5 10');
+  await expect.poll(() => cli('snapshot').then(result => result.snapshot)).toContain('wheel 10 5');
 });

From a92363b680552249cfb731085f8461bebedb0dd1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Yury Semikhatsky <yurys@chromium.org>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 21:55:35 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] fix(page): make page.title() return empty string
 instead of throwing during navigation (#39658)

---
 packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts       | 13 +++++++++++--
 .../src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts      |  3 +--
 tests/page/page-basic.spec.ts                       | 12 ++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
index a09b41d050cff..3f7f2cc5fd88b 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
@@ -1566,8 +1566,17 @@ export class Frame extends SdkObject<FrameEventMap> {
   }
 
   async title(): Promise<string> {
-    const context = await this._utilityContext();
-    return context.evaluate(() => document.title);
+    try {
+      return await this.raceAgainstEvaluationStallingEvents(async () => {
+        const context = await this._utilityContext();
+        return await context.evaluate(() => document.title);
+      });
+    } catch {
+      const url = this.pendingDocument()?.request?.url();
+      if (url)
+        return `Loading ${url}`;
+      return '';
+    }
   }
 
   async rafrafTimeout(progress: Progress, timeout: number): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
index aae12854225fa..fd8bb68e1fa9c 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/tools/dashboard/dashboardController.ts
@@ -244,8 +244,7 @@ export class DashboardConnection implements Transport, DashboardChannel {
       return [];
     const devtoolsUrl = await this._devtoolsUrl(pages[0]);
     return await Promise.all(pages.map(async page => {
-      // page.title() throws on navigation.
-      const title = await page.title().catch(() => undefined) || `Loading ${page.url()}`;
+      const title = await page.title();
       return {
         pageId: this._pageId(page),
         title,
diff --git a/tests/page/page-basic.spec.ts b/tests/page/page-basic.spec.ts
index e8d9bc5a8eee0..cf923d747a469 100644
--- a/tests/page/page-basic.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/page/page-basic.spec.ts
@@ -85,6 +85,18 @@ it('page.title should return the page title', async ({ page, server }) => {
   expect(await page.title()).toBe('Woof-Woof');
 });
 
+it('page.title should not throw during navigation', async ({ page, server }) => {
+  await page.setContent('<title>hello</title>');
+  const promise = page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/title.html');
+  const [titleOrError] = await Promise.all([
+    page.title().catch(e => e),
+    promise,
+  ]);
+  expect(typeof titleOrError).toBe('string');
+  expect(titleOrError).toMatch(/^(Loading http.*title.html|hello|Woof-Woof)$/);
+  await expect(page).toHaveTitle('Woof-Woof');
+});
+
 it('page.close should work with window.close', async function({ page }) {
   const newPagePromise = page.waitForEvent('popup');
   await page.evaluate(() => window['newPage'] = window.open('about:blank'));

From 0a871c9db89c047f899f14b482001cc8fa30dda9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Holger Benl <hbenl@evandor.de>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:02:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] chore(bidi): wait for pages to close before returning
 from context.close() (#39588)

---
 packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiBrowser.ts | 1 +
 packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts             | 6 +++---
 tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-library.txt | 2 +-
 tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt    | 1 +
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiBrowser.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiBrowser.ts
index 9a4ac5b7cb924..f3444410bbdfe 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiBrowser.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiBrowser.ts
@@ -505,6 +505,7 @@ export class BidiBrowserContext extends BrowserContext {
     await this._browser._browserSession.send('browser.removeUserContext', {
       userContext: this._browserContextId
     });
+    await Promise.all(this._bidiPages().map(bidiPage => bidiPage._page.closedPromise));
     this._browser._contexts.delete(this._browserContextId);
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts
index 894f1a49dce45..4ace511c0a313 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ export class Page extends SdkObject<PageEventMap> {
   static Events = PageEvent;
 
   private _closedState: 'open' | 'closing' | 'closed' = 'open';
-  private _closedPromise = new ManualPromise<void>();
+  readonly closedPromise = new ManualPromise<void>();
   private _initialized: Page | Error | undefined;
   private _initializedPromise = new ManualPromise<Page | Error>();
   private _consoleMessages: ConsoleMessage[] = [];
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ export class Page extends SdkObject<PageEventMap> {
     this._closedState = 'closed';
     this.emit(Page.Events.Close);
     this.browserContext.emit(BrowserContext.Events.PageClosed, this);
-    this._closedPromise.resolve();
+    this.closedPromise.resolve();
     this.instrumentation.onPageClose(this);
     this.openScope.close(new TargetClosedError(this.closeReason()));
   }
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ export class Page extends SdkObject<PageEventMap> {
       await this.delegate.closePage(runBeforeUnload).catch(e => debugLogger.log('error', e));
     }
     if (!runBeforeUnload)
-      await this._closedPromise;
+      await this.closedPromise;
   }
 
   isClosed(): boolean {
diff --git a/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-library.txt b/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-library.txt
index 9a8352445676a..2202fd34be4fa 100644
--- a/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-library.txt
+++ b/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-library.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 library/agent-perform.spec.ts › retrieve a secret [timeout]
 library/browsercontext-add-cookies.spec.ts › should set cookies with SameSite attribute and no secure attribute [fail]
 library/browsercontext-basic.spec.ts › fetch with keepalive should throw when offline [fail]
-library/browsercontext-basic.spec.ts › should close all belonging pages once closing context [fail]
 library/browsercontext-basic.spec.ts › should disable javascript [fail]
 library/browsercontext-basic.spec.ts › should emulate media in cross-process iframe [fail]
 library/browsercontext-basic.spec.ts › should emulate media in popup [fail]
@@ -156,6 +155,7 @@ library/popup.spec.ts › should use viewport size from window features [timeout
 library/role-utils.spec.ts › axe-core accessible-text [timeout]
 library/role-utils.spec.ts › wpt accname #2 [timeout]
 library/route-web-socket.spec.ts › should emit close upon frame detach [timeout]
+library/screencast.spec.ts › screencast.start emits screencastframe events [fail]
 library/screenshot.spec.ts › page screenshot › should work with device scale factor and scale:css [fail]
 library/screenshot.spec.ts › page screenshot › should work with device scale factor, clip and scale:css [fail]
 library/selector-generator.spec.ts › selector generator › should work in dynamic iframes without navigation [fail]
diff --git a/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt b/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt
index aaec3f6391531..07177c1dbf1df 100644
--- a/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt
+++ b/tests/bidi/expectations/moz-firefox-nightly-page.txt
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ page/page-history.spec.ts › goBack/goForward should work with bfcache-able pag
 page/page-history.spec.ts › page.goBack should work for file urls [timeout]
 page/page-history.spec.ts › regression test for issue 20791 [flaky]
 page/page-keyboard.spec.ts › insertText should only emit input event [fail]
+page/page-keyboard.spec.ts › should press audio and media control keys [fail]
 page/page-keyboard.spec.ts › should press Enter [fail]
 page/page-keyboard.spec.ts › should send a character with insertText [fail]
 page/page-mouse.spec.ts › should always round down [fail]