Rollup merge of #136180 - lukas-code:typed-valtree, r=oli-obk

Introduce a wrapper for "typed valtrees" and properly check the type before extracting the value

This PR adds a new wrapper type `ty::Value` to replace the tuple `(Ty, ty::ValTree)` and become the new canonical representation of type-level constant values.

The value extraction methods `try_to_bits`/`try_to_bool`/`try_to_target_usize` are moved to this new type. For `try_to_bits` in particular, this avoids some redundant matches on `ty::ConstKind::Value`. Furthermore, these methods and will now properly check the type before extracting the value, which fixes some ICEs.

The name `ty::Value` was chosen to be consistent with `ty::Expr`.

Commit 1 should be non-functional and commit 2 adds the type check.

---

fixes rust-lang/rust#131102
supercedes rust-lang/rust#136130

r? `@oli-obk`
cc `@FedericoBruzzone` `@BoxyUwU`

Author: matthiaskrgr

src/intrinsics/simd.rs

@@ -129,12 +129,7 @@ pub(super) fn codegen_simd_intrinsic_call<'tcx>(
                 return;
             }
 
-            let idx = generic_args[2]
-                .expect_const()
-                .try_to_valtree()
-                .expect("expected monomorphic const in codegen")
-                .0
-                .unwrap_branch();
+            let idx = generic_args[2].expect_const().to_value().valtree.unwrap_branch();
 
             assert_eq!(x.layout(), y.layout());
             let layout = x.layout();