[C++] Abseil bundled static libraries are registered in `build_protobuf()` instead of `build_absl()`

[Reranko05]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

The Abseil bundled static library targets are currently appended to ARROW_BUNDLED_STATIC_LIBS inside build_protobuf() even though they are provided by build_absl().

As a result, the registration of the bundled Abseil libraries depends on the Protobuf build logic rather than the component that defines them.

This was discovered while investigating a Windows linker failure in the Arrow Java JNI build:

apache/arrow-java#1243

To Reproduce

The issue was observed while reproducing the linker failure reported in apache/arrow-java#1243.

Expected behavior

Abseil bundled static libraries should be registered in build_absl(), where they are defined, instead of build_protobuf().

Component(s)

C++

[KHARSHAVARDHAN-eng]

Hi! I'd like to investigate and work on this issue.

[Reranko05]

@KHARSHAVARDHAN-eng Thanks for your interest! A PR for this issue has already been opened (#50638) and is currently under review. You may want to check if there are any other open issues that need attention.

[tadeja]

I re-assigned this issue as I see @Reranko05 opened PR #50638 yesterday but for some reason linking to this issue failed.