[C++][Gandiva] Add support for LLVM 22.1.0

[raulcd]

Describe the enhancement requested

It was released on 2026-02-24: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/llvm-22-1-0-released/89950

Some of our CI jobs are failing due to it, example:

• verify-rc-source-cpp-linux-conda-latest-amd64

Component(s)

C++, Gandiva