Add additional Arrow type support (#9291)

# Which issue does this PR close?

- Closes #9290 

# Rationale for this change

**NOTE TO REVIEWERS:** Over 1500 lines of this diff are tests.

`arrow-avro` currently cannot encode/decode a number of Arrow
`DataType`s, and some types have schema/encoding mismatches that can
lead to incorrect data (even when encoding succeeds).

The goal is:

* **No more `ArrowError::NotYetImplemented` (or similar) when
writing/reading an Arrow `RecordBatch` containing supported Arrow
types**, excluding **Sparse Unions** (will be handled separately).
* **When compiled with `feature = "avro_custom_types"`:** Arrow to Avro
to Arrow should **round-trip the Arrow `DataType`** (including
width/signedness/time units and relevant metadata using **Arrow-specific
custom logical types** following the established `arrow.*` pattern.
* **When compiled without `avro_custom_types`:** Arrow types should be
encoded to the **closest standard Avro primitive / logical type**, with
any necessary lossy conversions documented and consistently applied.

# What changes are included in this PR?

Implementation of all existing missing `arrow-avro` types except for
Sparse Unions

# Are these changes tested?

Yes

# Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, additional type support is being added which is user-facing.

Author: jecsand838

arrow-avro/Cargo.toml

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ apache-avro = "0.21.0"
 num-bigint = "0.4"
 object_store = { version = "0.13", default-features = false, features = ["fs"] }
 once_cell = "1.21.3"
+half = { version = "2.1", default-features = false }
 tokio = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["macros", "rt-multi-thread", "io-util", "fs"] }
 
 [[bench]]