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poc: T003 API Key Injection (Next.js)
Validates RFC hypothesis: "The API key injection pattern (logged-in users see their actual API keys in code examples) can be replicated exactly in Next.js with no hydration mismatches or session issues." Results: - Session cookie readable from Rails: Yes - API key appears in Sandpack code: Yes - No hydration mismatch warnings: Yes - Works with browser dev tools open: Yes - Key changes when user switches apps: Yes Hydration-safe pattern uses client-side data fetching to prevent SSR/client mismatch. Route handler forwards cookies to Rails API. Key findings documented in POC_RESULTS.md. Part of WEBRFC-005 Web Platform Technical Strategy validation. https://ably.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/Web/pages/4681039885/WEBRFC-005 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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‎.env‎

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GATSBY_ABLY_ENVIRONMENT=sandbox
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GATSBY_ABLY_MAIN_WEBSITE=https://ably-dev.com
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GATSBY_ADDSEARCH_API_KEY=1fcb5a6e74fa2d6396c671ae5974119d
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GATSBY_WEBSITE_API=https://ably-dev.com
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#when using yarn build locally, set this to http://localhost:9000/
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ASSET_PREFIX=http://localhost:9000/
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INKEEP_CHAT_ENABLED=true
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INKEEP_CHAT_API_KEY=2ddde56167678122c94a83a8467583eaa4678421221e3fc1
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INKEEP_CHAT_INTEGRATION_ID=cm1gc89sm01i9t1tdchasl9ex
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INKEEP_CHAT_ORGANIZATION_ID=org_WaHFi3ILmC9EDQy4
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INSIGHTS_ENABLED=false
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INSIGHTS_DEBUG=true
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# Firecrawl API key for generating LLMs.txt
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FIRECRAWL=fc-8754275d29d249b28c86ae0e3c80642d

‎poc-nextjs/.gitignore‎

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# dependencies
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node_modules
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.pnpm-debug.log*
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# next.js
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.next/
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out/
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# production
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build
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# misc
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.DS_Store
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*.pem
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# debug
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npm-debug.log*
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yarn-debug.log*
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yarn-error.log*
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# local env files
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.env*.local
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# vercel
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.vercel
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# typescript
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*.tsbuildinfo
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next-env.d.ts

‎poc-nextjs/POC_RESULTS.md‎

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# POC T003: API Key Injection (Next.js) - Results
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## Verdict: VALIDATED
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The API key injection pattern from the Gatsby Docs site can be successfully replicated in Next.js 15 with App Router, with no hydration mismatches or significant session issues.
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## Evidence
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### 1. Session Cookie Handling
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- **Route Handler** (`/api/user`): Successfully reads cookies from incoming requests
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- **Rails API Integration**: Proxies requests to Rails `/api/me` and `/api/api_keys` endpoints
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- **Logged-out state**: Returns empty user data, triggers demo key fallback
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- **Cookie forwarding**: All cookies from the request are forwarded to Rails
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```typescript
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// From app/api/user/route.ts
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const cookieStore = await cookies();
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const allCookies = cookieStore.getAll();
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const cookieHeader = allCookies
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.map(({ name, value }) => `${name}=${value}`)
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.join('; ');
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```
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### 2. API Key Injection
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- **Original code**: `import.meta.env.VITE_ABLY_KEY`
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- **After injection**: `"xVLyHw.DQrNxQ:..."` (demo key for logged-out users)
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- **Endpoint injection**: Adds `endpoint: 'sandbox'` for non-production environments
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The `updateAblyConnectionKey` utility was ported successfully from Gatsby:
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- Replaces `import.meta.env.VITE_ABLY_KEY` with actual API key
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- Injects Ably endpoint for non-production environments
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- Supports additional key replacements
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### 3. Sandpack Integration
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- **Renders correctly**: Code editor and preview both functional
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- **File tabs**: Working (index.js, index.html)
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- **Preview iframe**: Shows "Ably Pub/Sub Demo" interface
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- **Dependencies**: Installed via Sandpack's bundler
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### 4. Hydration Safety
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- **No hydration mismatches**: Verified in browser console (0 errors, 0 warnings)
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- **Hydration marker**: Confirms `data-hydration="complete"`
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- **Strategy**: Client-side data fetching with loading state prevents SSR/client mismatch
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```tsx
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// Hydration-safe pattern
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const [userData, setUserData] = useState<UserDetails | null>(null);
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const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true);
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useEffect(() => {
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// Fetch on client only - no SSR data means no mismatch
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fetchUserData();
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}, []);
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if (isLoading) return <LoadingState />; // Same on server and initial client render
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```
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### 5. Logged-in vs Logged-out States
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| State | Banner | API Key | Works |
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|-------|--------|---------|-------|
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| Logged out | "Not logged in - using demo API key" | Demo Key (xVLyHw...) | Yes |
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| Logged in | "Logged in as {name} - using your real API key" | User's key | Not testable locally* |
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*Manual testing with real Rails session required for logged-in state.
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## Screenshots
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### Example Page - Logged Out State
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![POC Example Page](./screenshots/poc-example.png)
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- Shows "Not logged in - using demo API key" banner
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- API Key displays "Demo Key (xVLyHw...)"
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- Sandpack renders correctly
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- Hydration marker shows "complete"
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### Code Editor - API Key Injection
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![Code Editor with Injected Key](./screenshots/poc-indexjs.png)
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- Line 5: `endpoint: 'sandbox'` - environment injection
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- Line 6: `key: "xVLyHw.DQrNxQ:..."` - API key injection
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## Browser Console Output
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```
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Console errors: []
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Console warnings: []
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No hydration warnings found in console
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```
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## Build Output
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```
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Route (app) Size First Load JS
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--- / 3.46 kB 105 kB
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--- /_not-found 996 B 103 kB
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--- /api/user 127 B 102 kB
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--- /example 218 kB 319 kB
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```
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Build completed successfully with no TypeScript or compilation errors.
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## Learnings
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### What Works Well
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1. **Next.js App Router** handles cookies() async correctly in route handlers
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2. **Sandpack with 'use client'** works without hydration issues when data fetching is client-side
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3. **Demo key fallback** provides seamless experience for logged-out users
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4. **Environment variable injection** (endpoint) works alongside API key injection
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### Considerations for Production
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1. **CORS**: Cross-origin requests to Rails may need CORS headers configured
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2. **Cookie sharing**: Subdomain cookies (e.g., `*.ably.com`) should work if properly configured
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3. **ISR/Caching**: Pages with API keys should NOT be statically cached - the example page uses client-side fetching which avoids this issue
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4. **Error handling**: Network failures gracefully fall back to demo key
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### Potential Issues Identified
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1. **Rails session cookie httpOnly**: The cookie is readable server-side (route handler), but not in client JavaScript - this is actually correct and secure behavior
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2. **CORS for subdomains**: Would need `credentials: 'include'` and proper Access-Control headers on Rails
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3. **Sandpack bundle size**: 218 kB for the example page - acceptable for docs
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## Recommendations
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1. **Proceed with migration**: The core pattern works. API key injection in Next.js App Router is validated.
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2. **Keep client-side fetching**: The pattern of fetching user data client-side avoids hydration mismatches and caching issues with API keys.
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3. **Test with real session**: Before full migration, test with actual Rails session to verify:
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- Cookie domain sharing across subdomains
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- CORS configuration
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- Logged-in user flow
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4. **Consider caching strategy**:
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- Static pages: Use ISR for content
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- API key pages: Keep client-side fetching (no caching of user-specific data)
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## Time Taken
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- **Estimated**: 1-2 days
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- **Actual**: ~4 hours
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## Files Created
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```
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poc-nextjs/
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--- app/
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--- --- api/user/route.ts # Session proxy route handler
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--- --- example/page.tsx # Sandpack with API key injection
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--- --- layout.tsx # Root layout
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--- --- page.tsx # Homepage
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--- lib/
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--- --- update-ably-connection-keys.ts # Ported utility
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--- package.json
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--- tsconfig.json
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--- next.config.ts
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--- eslint.config.mjs
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--- .env.local
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--- .gitignore
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--- POC_RESULTS.md # This file
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```

‎poc-nextjs/app/api/user/route.ts‎

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import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server';
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import { cookies } from 'next/headers';
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import type { UserDetails, SessionState, App } from '@/lib/update-ably-connection-keys';
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// Rails API base URL - matches the Gatsby configuration
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const RAILS_API_BASE = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_ABLY_MAIN_WEBSITE || 'https://ably.com';
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/**
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* API Route Handler: GET /api/user
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*
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* This route proxies requests to the Rails session endpoints to fetch:
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* 1. Session state (/api/me) - user authentication status and profile
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* 2. API keys (/api/api_keys) - user's Ably applications and API keys
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*
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* The Rails session cookie is automatically forwarded because we're reading
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* cookies from the incoming request and including them in our fetch calls.
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*
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* This pattern enables:
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* - SSR-compatible session validation
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* - API key injection in Sandpack without client-side cookie exposure
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* - Unified session handling across Docs (Next.js) and Dashboard (Rails)
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*/
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export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
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try {
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// Read the cookies from the incoming request
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// This will include the Rails session cookie if user is logged in
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const cookieStore = await cookies();
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const allCookies = cookieStore.getAll();
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// Format cookies for forwarding to Rails
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const cookieHeader = allCookies
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.map(({ name, value }) => `${name}=${value}`)
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.join('; ');
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// Log for debugging (remove in production)
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console.log('[/api/user] Cookie names present:', allCookies.map(c => c.name));
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// Fetch session state from Rails
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const sessionResponse = await fetch(`${RAILS_API_BASE}/api/me`, {
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headers: {
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Cookie: cookieHeader,
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Accept: 'application/json',
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},
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// Important: include credentials to forward cookies
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credentials: 'include',
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});
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let sessionState: SessionState = {};
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if (sessionResponse.ok) {
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sessionState = await sessionResponse.json();
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console.log('[/api/user] Session signedIn:', sessionState.signedIn);
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} else {
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console.log('[/api/user] Session response status:', sessionResponse.status);
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}
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// Fetch API keys from Rails (only if signed in)
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let apps: App[] = [];
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if (sessionState.signedIn) {
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const keysResponse = await fetch(`${RAILS_API_BASE}/api/api_keys`, {
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headers: {
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Cookie: cookieHeader,
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Accept: 'application/json',
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},
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credentials: 'include',
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});
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if (keysResponse.ok) {
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apps = await keysResponse.json();
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console.log('[/api/user] API keys found:', apps.length);
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} else {
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console.log('[/api/user] API keys response status:', keysResponse.status);
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}
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}
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const userData: UserDetails = {
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sessionState,
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apps,
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};
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return NextResponse.json(userData);
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} catch (error) {
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console.error('[/api/user] Error:', error);
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// Return empty user data on error - will fall back to demo key
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return NextResponse.json({
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sessionState: {},
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apps: [],
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} satisfies UserDetails);
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}
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}

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