|
| 1 | +""" |
| 2 | +Position Pro (PP) Algorithm |
| 3 | +A high-performance permutation generation algorithm. |
| 4 | +
|
| 5 | +Copyright (c) 2026 Yusheng Hu. All rights reserved. |
| 6 | +Author: Yusheng Hu |
| 7 | +""" |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +import itertools |
| 10 | +import time |
| 11 | +import sys |
| 12 | +import math |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +def pp_permutations(n): |
| 15 | + """ |
| 16 | + Position Pro (PP) Algorithm - Iterator Implementation. |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | + Generates all permutations of n elements. This implementation is |
| 19 | + specifically optimized for JIT compilers (e.g., PyPy). |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | + Args: |
| 22 | + n (int): Number of elements to permute. |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | + Yields: |
| 25 | + list: The current permutation (yields the same list object modified in-place). |
| 26 | + """ |
| 27 | + # Initialize control and permutation arrays |
| 28 | + c = [0] * n |
| 29 | + d = list(range(n)) |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | + # Cache values for performance |
| 32 | + n_m_1 = n - 1 |
| 33 | + n_m_2 = n - 2 |
| 34 | + i = 0 |
| 35 | + inner_indices = list(range(n)) |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | + while c[0] < 1: |
| 38 | + # Incremental synchronization phase |
| 39 | + while i < n_m_1: |
| 40 | + idx = i |
| 41 | + ci = c[idx] |
| 42 | + d[idx], d[ci] = d[ci], d[idx] |
| 43 | + i += 1 |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | + # Core high-speed generation phase |
| 46 | + last_val = d[n_m_1] |
| 47 | + for ii in inner_indices: |
| 48 | + temp_val = d[ii] |
| 49 | + d[n_m_1] = temp_val |
| 50 | + d[ii] = n_m_1 |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | + yield d |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | + d[ii] = temp_val |
| 55 | + d[n_m_1] = last_val |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | + # Carry logic for factorial progression |
| 58 | + d[c[n_m_2]], d[n_m_2] = d[n_m_2], d[c[n_m_2]] |
| 59 | + c[n_m_2] += 1 |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | + curr_i = n_m_2 |
| 62 | + while curr_i > 0 and c[curr_i] > curr_i: |
| 63 | + c[curr_i] = 0 |
| 64 | + curr_i -= 1 |
| 65 | + c[curr_i] += 1 |
| 66 | + # State backtracking |
| 67 | + p_idx = c[curr_i] - 1 |
| 68 | + d[p_idx], d[curr_i] = d[curr_i], d[p_idx] |
| 69 | + i = curr_i |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +def run_performance_benchmarks(start_n=10, end_n=12): |
| 72 | + """ |
| 73 | + Runs performance benchmarks comparing PP Algorithm with itertools.permutations. |
| 74 | + Outputs results in Markdown table format for GitHub Action summaries. |
| 75 | + """ |
| 76 | + print(f"| N | Total Permutations | Itertools (s) | Position Pro (s) | Speed-up |") |
| 77 | + print(f"| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |") |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | + for n in range(start_n, end_n + 1): |
| 80 | + # Benchmark itertools.permutations |
| 81 | + t0 = time.perf_counter() |
| 82 | + for _ in itertools.permutations(range(n)): |
| 83 | + pass |
| 84 | + t_std = time.perf_counter() - t0 |
| 85 | + |
| 86 | + # Benchmark Position Pro algorithm |
| 87 | + t1 = time.perf_counter() |
| 88 | + for _ in pp_permutations(n): |
| 89 | + pass |
| 90 | + t_pp = time.perf_counter() - t1 |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | + total = math.factorial(n) |
| 93 | + speed_up = t_std / t_pp |
| 94 | + print(f"| {n} | {total:,} | {t_std:.4f}s | {t_pp:.4f}s | **{speed_up:.2f}x** |") |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | +if __name__ == "__main__": |
| 97 | + run_performance_benchmarks(10, 12) |
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