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<ul id="sidebar" class="nav nav-stacked fixed man1DSimulation"> <p><h3>1D Simulation Guide</h3></p>
<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#tool">1D Simulation Tool</a>
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<li><a href="#mesh-panel">1D Mesh Panel</a></li>
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<li><a href="#solver-example-tube-resistance">Example - Tube with resistance BCs</a></li>
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<div class="man1DSimulation"><section id="intro" class="group"><h1>Introduction</h1>
<p>The SimVascular <strong>1D Simulation Tool</strong> is used to interactively create the geometry, boundary conditions and solver
parameters needed to execute a <strong>sv1DSolver</strong> simulation. The <strong>sv1DSolver</strong> solves for blood pressure and flow
in deformable one-dimensional hemodynamic networks. These equations offer a relatively efficient means to reproduce
realistic wave propagation phenomemon in vascular networks. One-dimensional networks can be coupled to both 0D lumped
parameter models and to more complex 3D flow simulations as boundary conditions.</p>
<h3>Centerlines Geometry</h3>
<p>The geometry of the one-dimensional networks used for a 1D simulation is based on the centerlines computed from the surface
of a 3D geometric model. The 3D geometric model is created from image data using the typical
SimVascular <a href="docsModelGuide.html"> modeling workflow </a>.</p>
<p>Centerlines represent a 1D characterization of blood vessel geometry. The centerlines are computed for a 3D surface using
the <a href="http://www.vmtk.org/tutorials/Centerlines.html"> Vascular Modeling Toolkit </a>. The computation solves a wave propagation
problem using a source point representing the start of the centerlines and target points representing the ends of the centerlines.
The source and target points are selected from the model caps defined in the SimVascular <strong>Modeling Tool</strong>.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/images/model-geom.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/images/centerlines.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
<figcaption> <i>The centerlines (right) computed from a 3D geometric model of the aorta and femoral arteries (left). </i></figcaption>
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Network Geometry and 1D Simulation Mesh</h3>
<p>The centerlines geometry is used to define network <strong>nodes</strong> at vessel inlets, outlets and branching points. A number of cylindrical
<strong>segments</strong> are defined representing the length and diameter between vessel <strong>nodes</strong>.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img class="svImg svImgSm" src="documentation/1d_simulation/images/vessel-segments.png">
<figcaption class="svCaption"> The cylindrical segments representing vessel length and diameter between branching points. </figcaption>
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>Segments are then discretized into a mesh of finite elements in order to numerically solve the 1D equations of fluid flow in
deformable vessels.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img class="svImg svImgMd" src="documentation/1d_simulation/images/segment-elements.png">
<figcaption class="svCaption"> A segment is discretized into a mesh of finite elements. </figcaption>
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Units</h3>
<p>All model quantities and associated boundary conditions are specified in CGS units.</p>
</section>
<section id="tool" class="group"><h1>1D Simulation Tool</h1>
<p>The SimVascular <strong>1D Simulation Tool</strong> is used to interactively create an input file defining the geometry, boundary conditions,
material properties and solver parameters needed to execute a 1D solver simulation. A <strong>1D Simulation Tool</strong> instance is created by
right-clicking on the <strong>Simulations1d</strong> node under the <strong>SV Data Manager</strong>. Selecting the <strong>Create 1D Simulation job</strong> menu item displays
a popup window.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img class="svImg svImgSm" src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/create-job.png">
<figcaption class="svCaption"> The <b>Create 1D Simulation Job</b> popup menu. </figcaption>
</figure></p>
<p>Use the <strong>Select Model</strong> list to select the 3D geometric surface model used to create centerlines. The list contains the names of
all models created by any SimVascular <strong>Modeling Tool</strong> instance. Type in a job name used to identify the <strong>Simulations1d Tool</strong> instance
and to name the files and directories stored under the SimVascular project’s <strong>Simulations1d</strong> directory. Selecting <strong>OK</strong> creates
an <strong>Simulations1d Tool</strong> instance node under the <strong>SV Data Manager</strong>. Selecting this instance displays the <strong>Simulations1d Tool</strong>
panel.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/panel.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
<figcaption class="svCaption"> The 1D Simulation Tool panel. </figcaption>
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>The panel contains seven sub-panels used to create or input a specific category of data needed to execute a 1D solver simulation.
<ul style="list-style-type:none;">
<li> 1D Mesh </li>
<li> Basic Parameters </li>
<li> Inlet and Outlet BCs </li>
<li> Wall Properties </li>
<li> Solver Parameters </li>
<li> Create Files and Run Simulation </li>
<li> Convert Results </li>
</ul></p>
<p>A selecting a sub-panel name brings up the sub-panel’s widgets. The following sections describe how each of the sub-panels are used.</p>
</section>
<section id="mesh-panel" class="subgroup"><h2>1D Mesh Panel</h2>
<p>The 1D Mesh panel is primarily used to create centerlines from the surface of a 3D geometric model. A source for the centerline
computation must first be selected from the inlet/outlet faces (model caps) defined by the <strong>Modeling Tool</strong>. The number of
elements used to discretize a segment may be controled by setting the element size.</p>
<div style="background-color: #F0F0F0; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e6e600; border-left: 6px solid #e6e600">
The centerline computation may take a significant amount of time to finish for a large model with many vessel branches. It is
also sensitive to the quality of the model surface mesh. If the surface mesh is not well-defined (e.g. has holes or overlapping faces)
then the centerline computation may fail.
</div>
<p><br></p>
<h3>Panel Layout</h3>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/panel.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<p><strong>Model</strong> - The name of the model used to create centerlines. The model is selected when creating the simulation job. This text box is for display only, a model name cannot be entered.</p>
<p><strong>Select Inlet Face</strong> - Select the source for the centerline computation. Clicking on this button causes a multi-element
check box to appear with entries for each model inlet/outlet face. A (single) face is selected, typically vessel inlet.</p>
<p><img class="svImg svImgSm" src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/source-face.png"></p>
<p><strong>Inlet Face</strong> - The model face name used as a source for the centerline computation. This text box is for display only,
a face name cannot be entered.</p>
<p><strong>Calculate Centerlines</strong> - Start the centerline computation. </p>
<p><strong>Element size</strong> - Set the size of elements used to discretize a segment. </p>
</section>
<section id="basic-panel" class="subgroup"><h2>Basic Parameters Panel</h2>
<p>The Basic Parameters panel is used to set the fluid physical parameters.</p>
<h3>Panel Layout</h3>
<p>The panel GUI contains a single table. </p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/basic-panel-fixed.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<p>Values may be entered in the table by double clicking in the <strong>Value</strong> column.</p>
<p><strong>Fluid Density</strong> - The value of the fluid density used for simulations. </p>
<p><strong>Fluid Viscosity</strong> - The value of the fluid Viscosity used for simulations. </p>
</section>
<section id="bcs-panel" class="subgroup"><h2>Inlet and Outlet BCs Panel</h2>
<p>The Inlet and Outlet BCs panel is used to set the boundary condition type and parameter values for each inlet and outlet
face defined for the model. The following types of boundary conditions are supported
<ol>
<li>Prescribed velocites</li>
<li>Resistance</li>
<li>RCR</li>
</ol></p>
<h3>Panel Layout</h3>
<p>The panel GUI contains a single table listing the inlet and outlet faces defined for the model. The panel shown below has
three inlet and outlet faces defined.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/bcs-panel-fixed.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<p>The boundary condition type and associated parameter values are changed by double clicking on a face name in the <strong>Name</strong> column.
This displays a <strong>Set Inlet/Outlet BCs</strong> popup window. The parameters displayed in the window depend on the boundary condition
type</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/bcs-pres-vel.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/bcs-res.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/bcs-rcr.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
<figcaption> <i><b>Set Inlet/Outlet BCs</b> popup window for different boundary condition types: Prescribed velocites, Resistance and RCR.</i></figcaption>
</figure>
<br></p>
<h4>Prescribed velocites</h4>
<p>The <strong>Prescribed velocites</strong> boundary condition defines a flow waveform for an inlet face. The inlet flow rates are provided by a text file
with time and flow value colums. </p>
<h5><u>Usage</u></h5>
<p>Analytic Shape - Defines the shape of the velocity profile: parabolid, plug or wormersley.
<br>
Point Number - Defines ?
<br>
Fourier Modes - Defines ?
<br>
Flow rate (from file) - Selecting the <strong>…</strong> brings a file browser used to selected a flow file.
<br>
Period -
<br>
Flip normal -
<br>
<br></p>
<h4>Resistance</h4>
<p>The <strong>Resistance</strong> boundary condition defines the downstream resistance for an outlet face. </p>
<h5><u>Usage</u></h5>
<p>Resistance - The resistance parameter that characterizes the downstream vasculature.
<br>
Distal Pressure - Defines ?
<br>
<br></p>
<h4>RCR</h4>
<p>The <strong>RCR</strong> boundary condition defines the downstream resistance for an outlet face. </p>
<h5><u>Usage</u></h5>
<p>Rp C Rd - The resistance parameter that characterizes the downstream vasculature.
<br>
Distal Pressure - Defines ?</p>
</section>
<section id="wall-props-panel" class="subgroup"><h2>Wall Properites Panel</h2>
<p>The Wall Properites panel is used to set the material properties for vessel walls. The following material models are supported
<ol>
<li>Linear</li>
<li>Olufsen</li>
</ol></p>
<h3>Panel Layout</h3>
<p>The panel GUI contains parameters that vary with the material model selected by the <strong>Material Model</strong> combination box.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/wall-props-linear-fixed.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/wall-props-olufsen-fixed.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
<figcaption> <i>The panel displays different material parameters depending on the material model selected.</i></figcaption>
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<p>The boundary condition type and associated parameter values are changed by double clicking on a face name in the <strong>Name</strong> column.
This displays a <strong>Set Inlet/Outlet BCs</strong> popup window. The parameters displayed in the window depend on the boundary condition
type
<br></p>
<h4>Linear</h4>
<p>The <strong>Linear</strong> material model.</p>
<h5><u>Usage</u></h5>
<p>Eh/r - The product of elastic modulus and thickness divided by the radius.
<br>
Pressure - The material reference pressure.
<br>
<br></p>
<h4>Olufsen</h4>
<p>The <strong>Olufsen</strong> material model.</p>
<h5><u>Usage</u></h5>
<p>K1, K2, K3 - The empirically-derived constants used to best fit the equation $Eh/r_0(z) = k_1 \exp(k_2 r_0(z)) + k_3 $.
<br>
Exponent - The material exponent.
<br>
Pressure - The material reference pressure.
<br></p>
</section>
<section id="solver-params-panel" class="subgroup"><h2>Solver Parameters Panel</h2>
<p>The Solver Parameters panel is used to set the parameters needed to execute the 1D Solver.</p>
<p>Simulation results are computed for times <strong>Time Step Size</strong>*i, i = 0,1,2,…,<strong>Number of Time Steps</strong> but are<br>
only written with the frequency given by <strong>Number of Timesteps between Saving Data</strong>.</p>
<h3>Panel Layout</h3>
<p>The panel GUI contains a single table listing <strong>Time Step</strong> and <strong>Output Control</strong> solver parameters.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/solver-params-panel-fixed.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<p>Values may be entered in the table by double clicking in the <strong>Value</strong> column.</p>
<p><strong>Number of Time Steps</strong> - The number of time steps to use for the 1D simulation.</p>
<p><strong>Time Step Size</strong> - The size of the time step to use for the 1D simulation. Time step size affects numerical error and stability.</p>
<p><strong>Number of Timesteps between Saving Data</strong> - The number of time steps to skip when saving 1D simulation results.</p>
</section>
<section id="create-files-panel" class="subgroup"><h2>Create Files and Run Simulation Panel</h2>
<p>The Create Files and Run Simulation panel is used to create a 1D solver input file and run the 1D solver.</p>
<h3>Panel Layout</h3>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/create-files-panel-fixed.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<p><strong>Create Files for Simulation</strong> - Create a 1D solver input file. </p>
<p><strong>Run Simulation</strong> - Run the 1D solver. </p>
</section>
<section id="convert-results-panel" class="subgroup"><h2>Convert Results</h2>
<p>The Convert Results panel is used to convert 1D simulation results to a CSV file format. </p>
<p>The simulation results directory must contain a 1D solver input file named <strong>solver.in</strong> and results (.dat) files.
Simulation results are stored in the project’s <strong>Simulations1d/JOBNAME</strong> directory. </p>
<p>Results can be selectively converted for segements at vessel outlets. </p>
<p>A time range start/stop values can be given to only convert results within that range. The data conversion times
are determined by the parameter values specified in the <strong>Solver Parameters</strong> panel.</p>
<p>The 1D solver writes results for cross-section area, flow, pressure, Reynolds number (Re), and wall shear stress (wss).
Results can be selectively converted for one or more of these data.</p>
<h3>Panel Layout</h3>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/convert-results-panel-fixed.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<p><strong>Results Directory</strong> - Set the directory containing the 1D simulation results to convert. The directory path can be entered in
the text box. Selecting <strong>…</strong> brings up a file browser.</p>
<p><strong>Convert Directory</strong> - Set the directory where converted results are written. The directory path can be entered in
the text box. Selecting <strong>…</strong> brings up a file browser.</p>
<p><strong>Start</strong> - Set the start time for the time range usded to convert simulation data. The time is a real simulation time value.</p>
<p><strong>Stop</strong> - Set the stop time for the time range usded to convert simulation data. The time is a real simulation time value.</p>
<p><strong>Segements</strong> - Set the segment type used to convert data. Select <b>Outlet</b> to convert data only for segments that have
an outlet boundary condition. Select <b>All</b> for converting data for all segments.</p>
<p><strong>Data</strong> - Set the names of data to convert. </p>
<p><strong>Convert</strong> - Convert the 1D simulation results.</p>
</section>
<section id="tool-tutorial" class="subgroup"><h2> Tutorial </h2>
<p>This section demonstrates how to use the <strong>1D Simulation Tool</strong> to interactively create the geometry,
boundary conditions and solver parameters needed to execute a <strong>sv1DSolver</strong> simulation. The geometry of
the one-dimensional networks used for a 1D simulation is based on the model of the aorta and branching
left and right iliac vessels created in the Demo Project discussed in the SimVascular <a href="docsQuickGuide.html#simulation"> QuickGuide </a> documentation. </p>
<p>A flow rate inlet boundary condition is used for the aorta inlet. RCR boundary conditions are used for left and
left and right iliac vessels. </p>
<p>An Olufsen material model is used for the vessel wall properties.</p>
<p><br>
<h3> Open the Demo Project </h3></p>
<p>Opening the Demo Project displays the image slices and model geometry. Change the display layout to big 3D
and hide the image to get a better view of the model.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/open-demo-project.png" style="float: left; width: 40%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/open-demo-project-model.png" style="float: left; width: 40%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
<figcaption> <i> (Left) The model of the aorta and branching left and right iliac vessels created in the Demo Project. (Right) Hiding the image and changing layout to big 3D. </i></figcaption>
</figure>
<br></p>
<h3> Create an instance of the 1D Simulation Tool </h3>
<p>Create an instance of the <strong>1D Simulation Tool</strong> by right clicking on the <strong>SV Data Manager</strong> <strong>Simulations1d</strong> node
and selecting <strong>Create 1D Simulation job</strong> from the popup menu.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/create-instance.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>A box is then displayed that is used to select a model name and to enter the name of the
1D simulation job to create. The <strong>Select Model</strong> is set to the default model name <strong>demo</strong>,
the only model defined. Enter <strong>demo</strong> in the <strong>Job Name</strong> text box to create a 1D simulation
job named <strong>demo</strong>. Click <strong>OK</strong>.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/create-instance-job.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>A node named <strong>demo</strong> is created under <strong>SV Data Manager</strong> <strong>Simulations1d</strong>. Left clicking on this node
brings up the <strong>1D Simulation Tool</strong> GUI panel on the right side of the SimVascular window. The model name is
displayed in the <strong>Model</strong> text box. The model surface representation is changed to wireframe to better show
centerlines geometry when it is created.</p>
<div style="background-color: #F0F0F0; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid green; border-left: 6px solid green">
Note that the <b>Calculate Centerlines</b> button is grayed out and disabled. This is because a source face
has not yet been selected. The button is enabled after a source face is selected. Some of the widgets in other
panels are similarly disabled until the data they depend on becomes available.
</div>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/create-instance-panel.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<!-- ------------------------------------ -->
<!-- Create centerlines geometry -->
<!-- ------------------------------------ -->
<h3> Create centerlines geometry </h3>
<p>Select a model inlet face for the start of the centerlines by clicking on the <strong>Select Inlet Face</strong> button.
This brings up a check box listing all of the caps (inlet/outlet faces) defined for the <strong>demo</strong> model.
Select the <b>cap_aorta</b> entry box under the <strong>Use</strong> column of the check box. </p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/create-cl-face.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>The inlet face selected is displyed in the <strong>Inlet Face</strong> text box. Click on the <strong>Calculate Centerlines</strong> button to start the
centerlines computation for the <strong>demo</strong> surface 3D geometric model.
When the computation finishes the centerlines geometry is displyed using green lines.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/create-cl-lines.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<!-- Setting inlet and outlet boundary conditions -->
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<h3> Set inlet and outlet boundary conditions </h3>
<p>Select the <strong>Inlet and Outlet BCs</strong> sub-panel name to bring up the <strong>Inlet and Outlet BCs</strong> panel used to set the boundary condition type
and parameter values for each inlet and outlet face defined for the model. </p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/bcs-panel.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>The panel contains a table listing the inlet (cap_aorta) and two outlet (cap_right_iliac and cap_aorta_2) faces
defined for the model.</p>
<p><br>
<h4><b> Set <i>cap_aorta</i> inlet flow boundary condition </b></h4>
Double click with the left mouse button on <b>cap_aorta</b> under the <strong>Name</strong> column.
This brings up a <strong>Set Inlet/Outlet BCs</strong> popup window. To set an inlet flow boundary condition
<div style="background-color: #F0F0F0; padding: 10px">
1) From the <b>BC Type</b> list select <strong>Prescribed Velocities</strong> <br>
2) Left click on the <strong>Flow rate (from file)</strong> <strong>…</strong> button to bring up a file browser <br>
3) Select the inflow.flow file from the project’s <strong>flow-files</strong> directory <br>
4) Select <strong>OK</strong><br>
</div>
<br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/bcs-aorta.png" style="float: left; width: 20%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p><br>
<h4><b> Set <i>cap_right_iliac</i> RCR boundary condition </b></h4>
Double click with the left mouse button on <b>cap<em>right</em>iliac</b> under the <strong>Name</strong> column.
This brings up a <strong>Set Inlet/Outlet BCs</strong> popup window. To set an RCR boundary condition
<div style="background-color: #F0F0F0; padding: 10px">
1) From the <b>BC Type</b> list select <strong>RCR</strong> <br>
2) Enter <i>90 0.0008 1200</i> into the <b>$R_p C R_d$</b> text box <br>
3) Select <strong>OK</strong>
</div>
<br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/bcs-right-iliac.png" style="float: left; width: 20%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p><br>
<h4><b> Set <i>cap_aorta_2</i> RCR boundary condition </b></h4>
Double click with the left mouse button on <b>cap_aorta_2</b> under the <strong>Name</strong> column.
This brings up a <strong>Set Inlet/Outlet BCs</strong> popup window. To set the values for the RCR boundary condition
<div style="background-color: #F0F0F0; padding: 10px">
1) From the <b>BC Type</b> list select <strong>RCR</strong> <br>
2) Enter <i>100 0.0004 1100</i> into the <b>$R_p C R_d$</b> text box <br>
3) Select <strong>OK</strong>
</div>
<br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/bcs-left-iliac.png" style="float: left; width: 20%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>The boundary condition and parameter values for each inlet and outlet faces are now defined and are shown in the
<strong>Inlet and Outlet BCs</strong> panel table. Boundary conditions may also be directly entered into the table by double clicking
with the left mouse button on the <strong>BC Type</strong> and <strong>Values</strong> columns.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/bcs-values-set.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<!-- Setting wall properties -->
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<h3> Set wall properties </h3>
<p>Select the <strong>Wall Properties</strong> sub-panel name to bring up the <strong>Wall Properties</strong> panel used to set the material
properties for vessel walls.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/wall-props-panel.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>To set the material model to Olufsen
<div style="background-color: #F0F0F0; padding: 10px">
1) From the <b>Material Model </b> list select <strong>OLUFSEN</strong> <br>
2) Enter <i> 2.0e7 </i> into the <b>$K_1 $</b> text box <br>
3) Enter <i> 8.65e5 </i> into the <b>$K_3 $</b> text box <br>
4) Enter <i> 113324.0 </i> into the <b>Pressure</b> text box <br>
</div>
<br></p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/wall-props-params.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<!-- Solver parameters -->
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<h3> Set solver parameters </h3>
<p>Select the <strong>Solver Parameters</strong> sub-panel name to bring up the <strong>Solver Parameters</strong> panel used to set the
parameters needed to execute the 1D Solver.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/solver-params-panel.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>To set the solver parameters
<div style="background-color: #F0F0F0; padding: 10px">
1) Double click with the left mouse button on the <strong>Number of Timesteps</strong> <strong>Values</strong> column and enter <i>10000</i>. <br>
2) Double click with the left mouse button on the <strong>Time Steps Size</strong> <strong>Values</strong> column and enter <i>0.001</i>. <br>
3) Double click with the left mouse button on the <strong>Number of Timesteps between Saving Data</strong> <strong>Values</strong> column and enter <i>1</i>. <br>
</div>
<br></p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/solver-params-values.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<!-- Create files and Run simulation -->
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<h3> Create the 1D Solver input file and run a simulation </h3>
<p>Select the <strong>Create Files and Run Simulation</strong> sub-panel name to bring up the <strong>Create Files and Run Simulation</strong> panel used to
used to create a 1D solver input file and run the 1D solver.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/create-files-panel.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>To generate the 1D Solver input file click on the <strong>Create Files for Simulation</strong> button. A popup window is displayed
showing the number of segments, nodes and finite elements created for the 1D simulation. </p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/create-files-popup.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>Click <strong>OK</strong>.</p>
<p>To run a 1D Solver simulation on the <strong>Run Simulation</strong> button. A popup window is displayed when the simulation finishes. </p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/create-files-run-sim.png" style="float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>Selecting the <strong>Show Details</strong> button dispays the 1D Solver log file</p>
<div style="background-color: #F0F0F0">
<pre>
<p style="font-size:10px" >
---------------------------------
oneDSolver
1D Finite Element Hemodynamics
---------------------------------
Reading file: /SVProject/Simulations1d/demo/solver.in ...
Printing Model Echo ...
Creating and Running Model ...
Creating Nodes ...
Creating Joints ...
Creating Materials ...
call cvOneMaterialsOlufsen p1_=113324.014500 K3_=0.000000
Setting material K's 0 -22.5267 1e+07 ...
Setting reference Pressure 0
call SetMaterialType K3_ 10000000.000000
new cvOneMaterialOlufsen called check pRef 0.000000
Creating Data Tables ...
Creating Segments ...
Solving Model ...
Inlet Condition Type: FLOW
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Number of Joints: 1
Number of Segments: 3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
call cvOneMaterialsOlufsen p1_=113324.014500 K3_=33.690970
In GetNewInstance cvOneDMaterialOlufsen is called matID=0
call cvOneDMaterialOlufsen that this K3_=10000000.000000 p1_=0.000000
In GetNewInstance cvOneDMaterialOlufsen* materials is called
subdomain cpp setupMaterial matID=0
call cvOneMaterialsOlufsen p1_=113324.014500 K3_=0.000000
In GetNewInstance cvOneDMaterialOlufsen is called matID=0
call cvOneDMaterialOlufsen that this K3_=10000000.000000 p1_=0.000000
In GetNewInstance cvOneDMaterialOlufsen* materials is called
subdomain cpp setupMaterial matID=0
RCR boundary condition
call cvOneMaterialsOlufsen p1_=113324.014500 K3_=0.000000
In GetNewInstance cvOneDMaterialOlufsen is called matID=0
call cvOneDMaterialOlufsen that this K3_=10000000.000000 p1_=0.000000
In GetNewInstance cvOneDMaterialOlufsen* materials is called
subdomain cpp setupMaterial matID=0
RCR boundary condition
Subdomain No. 3
Joint No. 1
Outlet No. 2
Number of equations 1303
Using Conservative Form ...
maxStep/stepSize: 10000
Total Solution is: 10000 x 1303
**** Time cycle 1
iter: 0 normf: 134.606 norms: 0.00421471 time: 0.001614
iter: 1 normf: 43.8713 norms: 0.0246538 time: 0.001102
iter: 2 normf: 1.14964 norms: 1.17156e-05 time: 0.001108
iter: 3 normf: 0.0299168 norms: 5.84007e-08 time: 0.001096
iter: 4 normf: 0.000699028 norms: 1.16806e-09 time: 0.001097
iter: 5 normf: 2.68722e-05 norms: 3.94369e-11 time: 0.001097
Time = 0.001, Mass = 0.0169997, Tot iters = 6
iter: 0 normf: 81.4714 norms: 0.0257353 time: 0.001099
iter: 1 normf: 7.04379 norms: 4.91323e-05 time: 0.001204
iter: 2 normf: 0.288877 norms: 3.82307e-07 time: 0.001262
iter: 3 normf: 0.0109262 norms: 2.31787e-08 time: 0.001136
...
Time = 9.998, Mass = 0.0889071, Tot iters = 4
iter: 0 normf: 0.732147 norms: 0.000141274 time: 0.001097
iter: 1 normf: 0.394251 norms: 0.000232438 time: 0.001099
iter: 2 normf: 0.0100552 norms: 5.84729e-09 time: 0.001096
iter: 3 normf: 0.000314998 norms: 4.17093e-11 time: 0.001097
Time = 9.999, Mass = 0.0899291, Tot iters = 4
iter: 0 normf: 0.734032 norms: 0.000143682 time: 0.001099
iter: 1 normf: 0.384852 norms: 0.000227006 time: 0.001096
iter: 2 normf: 0.00978278 norms: 5.759e-09 time: 0.001096
iter: 3 normf: 0.000306487 norms: 4.06793e-11 time: 0.001098
Time = 10, Mass = 0.0908278, Tot iters = 4
demoGroup0_Seg0_flow.dat
demoGroup0_Seg0_area.dat
demoGroup0_Seg0_pressure.dat
demoGroup0_Seg0_Re.dat
demoGroup0_Seg0_wss.dat
demoGroup2_Seg1_flow.dat
demoGroup2_Seg1_area.dat
demoGroup2_Seg1_pressure.dat
demoGroup2_Seg1_Re.dat
demoGroup2_Seg1_wss.dat
demoGroup3_Seg2_flow.dat
demoGroup3_Seg2_area.dat
demoGroup3_Seg2_pressure.dat
demoGroup3_Seg2_Re.dat
demoGroup3_Seg2_wss.dat
Completed!
</p>
</pre>
</div>
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<!-- Convert results -->
<!-- -------------------------------------------- -->
<h3> Convert and simulation results </h3>
<p>Select the <strong>Convert Results</strong> sub-panel name to bring up the <strong>Convert Results</strong> panel used to
used to convert 1D solver simulation results to CSV format files.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/convert-results-panel.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>Set the <strong>Results Directory</strong> by selecting <strong>…</strong> to bring up a file browser. Navigate to the <strong>/PROJECT/Simulations1d/demo/</strong>
directory and press <strong>Open</strong>. Set the time range <strong>Start</strong> value 0.0 and the <strong>Stop</strong> value to 0.8.
From the <strong>Data</strong> scrolling text box select <strong>flow</strong> and <strong>pressure</strong> data. Select the <strong>Convert</strong> button to convert the results.</p>
<p><br>
<figure>
<img src="documentation/1d_simulation/tool/images/tutorial-1/convert-results.png" style="float: left; width: 80%; margin-right: 1%; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<p style="clear: both;">
</figure>
<br></p>
<p>The CSV files for flow and pressure results are stored in the <strong>/PROJECT/Simulations1d/demo/demo-converted-results</strong> directory.
The CSV files can be graphed using several applications (gnuplot, MATLAB, ParaView, etc.). Here we have plotted flow results