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05 — Python'da WebRTC: aiortc

aiortc nima?

aiortc — bu Python uchun WebRTC va ORTC ning toza implementatsiyasi. U Python'ning asyncio (asinxron) kutubxonasi ustiga qurilgan.

Brauzersiz, server tomonida yoki IoT qurilmalarida WebRTC ishlatmoqchi bo'lsangiz — aiortc aynan shu uchun.

pip install aiortc opencv-python

aiortc ichida media kodlash uchun PyAV (av) va shifrlash uchun kerakli kutubxonalar avtomatik o'rnatiladi.

Asosiy klasslar

Klass / modul Vazifasi
RTCPeerConnection Ulanishni boshqaradi (eng muhimi)
VideoStreamTrack / AudioStreamTrack Media manbasini ifodalaydi
MediaStreamTrack.recv() Bitta kadrni qaytaradi
RTCSessionDescription SDP (offer/answer)
RTCIceCandidate ICE nomzodi
aiortc.contrib.signaling Tayyor signaling yordamchilari (demo uchun)
aiortc.contrib.media MediaPlayer, MediaRecorder (fayl/qurilma bilan)

asyncio asoslari

aiortc butunlay asinxron, shuning uchun kod async/await bilan yoziladi:

import asyncio
from aiortc import RTCPeerConnection

async def main():
    pc = RTCPeerConnection()
    # ... ulanish mantig'i ...
    await some_signaling_step()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

Tipik ulanish hayot sikli

pc = RTCPeerConnection()

# 1. Hodisalarni kuzatish
@pc.on("connectionstatechange")
async def on_state_change():
    print("Holat:", pc.connectionState)   # new → connecting → connected → ...
    if pc.connectionState == "failed":
        await pc.close()

# 2. (Sender) track qo'shish
pc.addTrack(CameraStreamTrack())

# 3. Offer/answer almashinuvi (signaling orqali) — qarang 03-signaling.md

# 4. Ish tugagach tozalash
await pc.close()

STUN/TURN sozlash

Internet orqali (turli tarmoqlardagi) ulanish uchun ICE serverlarini ko'rsating:

from aiortc import RTCPeerConnection, RTCConfiguration, RTCIceServer

config = RTCConfiguration(iceServers=[
    RTCIceServer(urls="stun:stun.l.google.com:19302"),
    # TURN kerak bo'lsa:
    # RTCIceServer(urls="turn:turn.example.com:3478",
    #              username="user", credential="pass"),
])

pc = RTCPeerConnection(configuration=config)

Bir xil mahalliy tarmoqda (LAN) sinab ko'rayotgan bo'lsangiz, STUN shart emas.

Foydali yordamchilar

MediaPlayer — fayl yoki qurilmadan o'qish

from aiortc.contrib.media import MediaPlayer

player = MediaPlayer("video.mp4")          # fayldan
# player = MediaPlayer("/dev/video0")      # Linux kamera
pc.addTrack(player.video)

MediaRecorder — kelgan oqimni faylga yozish

from aiortc.contrib.media import MediaRecorder

recorder = MediaRecorder("output.mp4")
@pc.on("track")
async def on_track(track):
    recorder.addTrack(track)
    await recorder.start()

Tez-tez uchraydigan muammolar

Muammo Yechim
cv2.VideoCapture bo'sh kadr qaytaradi Kamera ID (0, 1) to'g'rimi tekshiring
Ulanish failed bo'ladi STUN/TURN sozlang yoki bir xil LAN'da sinang
Kadr ranglari noto'g'ri BGR ↔ RGB konvertatsiyani tekshiring
av o'rnatilmaydi Python versiyasi (3.8+) va pip ni yangilang

Keyingi: 06 — Loyiha qo'llanma — kodni ishga tushirish.