From 3f817156535ba051d68bae4bf1836453e00099db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TimoHinsemann Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 17:18:32 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Added new src to branch Signed-off-by: TimoHinsemann --- src | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/src b/src index 0dc3961..7ac7b33 160000 --- a/src +++ b/src @@ -1 +1 @@ -Subproject commit 0dc3961a5499303e6e770b300bb71c0732c2231c +Subproject commit 7ac7b335c66a4fd17522c6258781c23d5d928e1f From d289c7a1430f6160ec47fe2194ad11bfb8206a7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TimoHinsemann Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 18:26:16 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Adding FMCW-Nodes to develop-branch as seperate tree-structure (overlapping nodes not regarded yet, redundancy of nodes possible for now). Also tags are added for each FMCW-Node. Signed-off-by: TimoHinsemann --- data.json | 285 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 284 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/data.json b/data.json index e9e5a47..8f9334e 100755 --- a/data.json +++ b/data.json @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ "description": "Wavelength of the emitted light beam, considered an ectromagnetic wave. Thus, wavelength being “the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation“ [Wavelength. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 21, 2021, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/wavelength].", "references": "[92, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Absorption cross section σ_abs(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [92, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [92, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [92, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Absorption efficiency factor Q_abs(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [93, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Scattering cross section σ_sca(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [93, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [93, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [93, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Scattering efficiency factor Q_sca(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [112, Milenković et al., Total canopy transmittance estimated from small-footprint; full-waveform airborne LiDAR, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092427161630171X] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.95.] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [110, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415] [111, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.] [128, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [128, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.] [129, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [129, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.]", "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Signal frequency", "Radiating wave length", "Emission frequency", "Transmitter wave characteristics", "Wavelength of emitting source"] + "tags": ["Signal frequency", "Radiating wavelength", "Emission frequency", "Transmitter wave characteristics", "Wavelength of emitting source"] }, { "id": "4", @@ -938,5 +938,288 @@ "references": "[0, Jiang et al., Invited Article: Optical dynamic range compression, http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5051566] [0, Kokhanenko et al., Expanding the dynamic range of a lidar receiver by the method of dynode-signal collection, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-41-24-5073]", "nodeType": "effect", "tags": ["Power below quantization threshold", "Sub-minimum quantization power", "Inadequate power for quantization", "Below-quantization threshold signal", "Power insufficient for quantization", "Sub-threshold quantization power"] + }, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + { + "id": "1000", + "parentIds": [], + "title": "False detection", + "decomBlock": "Detection identification", + "description": "Wrong detection during the measurement.", + "references": "", + "nodeType": "effect", + "tags": ["Incorrect measurement detection", "Erroneous detection", "False signal identification", "Measurement error in detection", "False positive detection", "Detection anomaly"] + }, + { + "id": "1100", + "parentIds": [], + "title": "True detection", + "decomBlock": "Detection identification", + "description": "True detection during the measurement.", + "references": "", + "nodeType": "effect", + "tags": ["Accurate measurement detection", "Correct signal identification", "True detection event", "Validated detection", "True positive detection", "Detection success"] + }, + { + "id": "1001", + "parentIds": ["1004"], + "title": "Time domain signal", + "decomBlock": "Pre-processing", + "description": "The time-dependent beat signal before digital processing", + "references": "[1004, Elghandour and Ren, Modeling and comparative study of various detection techniques for FMCW LIDAR using optisystem, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2034878]", + "nodeType": "systemIndependent", + "tags": ["Time-domain beat signal", "Pre-processed time signal", "Beat signal characteristics", "Signal before digital conversion", "Temporal signal analysis", "Analog beat signal"] + }, + { + "id": "1002", + "parentIds": ["1004"], + "title": "Signal thresholding", + "decomBlock": "Pre-processing", + "description": "Declaration as detection only if detection threshold, e.g. power level threshold, is exceeded.", + "references": "[1004, Gu et al., Learning Moving-Object Tracking with FMCW LiDAR, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981346]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Signal threshold influence", "Threshold-based detection", "Detection sensitivity threshold", "Signal threshold adjustment", "Thresholding impact on detection", "Threshold-driven signal analysis"] + }, + { + "id": "1003", + "parentIds": ["1004"], + "title": "Signal windowing", + "decomBlock": "Pre-processing", + "description": "The windowing of the time domain signal influences the frequency domain.", + "references": "[1004, Gu et al., Learning Moving-Object Tracking with FMCW LiDAR, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981346]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Windowing in time domain", "Signal window effect", "Frequency domain influence", "Time domain signal windowing", "Windowing for frequency analysis", "Signal segmentation by windowing"] + }, + { + "id": "1004", + "parentIds": ["1000", "1100"], + "title": "Detection algorithm", + "decomBlock": "Detection identification", + "description": "The choice of the peak detection algorithm defines the false detection and true detection.", + "references": "[1000, Gu et al., Learning Moving-Object Tracking with FMCW LiDAR, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981346] [1100, Gu et al., Learning Moving-Object Tracking with FMCW LiDAR, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981346]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Detection algorithm impact", "Algorithm for detection accuracy", "False and true detection dependency", "Peak algorithm choice", "Detection methodology"] + }, + { + "id": "1005", + "parentIds": ["1001"], + "title": "Incoupling efficiency", + "decomBlock": "Reception", + "description": "Capablity to inject the returned light in the single mode waveguides.", + "references": "[1001, Li et al., Analysis on coupling efficiency of the fiber probe used in frequency scanning interference distance measurement, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164006] [1001, Schwab et al., Coupling light emission of single-photon sources into single-mode fibers: mode matching; coupling efficiencies and thermo-optical effects, https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-30-18-32292&id=493226]", + "nodeType": "effect", + "tags": ["Light incoupling efficiency", "Waveguide light injection", "Single-mode waveguide coupling", "Optical incoupling performance", "Coupling efficiency assessment", "Returned light injection"] + }, + { + "id": "1006", + "parentIds": ["1005", "1023"], + "title": "Speckles", + "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", + "description": "Coherent light effect due to rough surfaces.", + "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776]", + "nodeType": "effect", + "tags": ["Coherent light speckles", "Phase distortions", "Coherent speckle interference", "Laser speckle phenomena"] + }, + { + "id": "1007", + "parentIds": ["1005"], + "title": "Other Losses", + "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", + "description": "Includes all other optical losses, like material absorptions, Fresnel reflections.", + "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Optical system losses", "Fresnel reflection losses", "Material absorption losses", "Additional optical losses", "Other light transmission losses", "Loss factors in optics"] + }, + { + "id": "1008", + "parentIds": ["1001"], + "title": "Photo Diode Performance", + "decomBlock": "Reception", + "description": "Sensitivity of the photodiodes and transimpedance amplifiers.", + "references": "", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Photodiode sensitivity", "Transimpedance amplifier performance", "Sensor response characteristics", "Photodiode detection efficiency", "Photoelectric sensitivity", "Photodiode and amplifier properties"] + }, + { + "id": "1009", + "parentIds": ["1006", "1019"], + "title": "Wavelength", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "System central wavelength.", + "references": "[1019, DIN, DIN EN 60825-1:2022-07, https://www.vde-verlag.de/standards/0800758/din-en-60825-1-vde-0837-1-2022-07.html][1006, Dainty et al., Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-43205-1_2]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Central wavelength definition", "Emission wavelength properties", "Laser central wavelength", "Wavelength impact on system", "System wavelength specification", "Design wavelength parameter"] + }, + { + "id": "1010", + "parentIds": ["1005", "1023"], + "title": "Scan Speed", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "The angular speed of non-solid state scan units. Mitgates speckle-induced noise but reduces coupling efficiency.", + "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Angular scan speed", "Non-solid-state scanning", "Scan speed noise mitigation", "Speckle noise reduction", "Scanning angular velocity", "Coupling efficiency trade-off"] + }, + { + "id": "1011", + "parentIds": ["1023"], + "title": "Target Distance and Velocity", + "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", + "description": "The distance and velocity of the target to be measured.", + "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776, Impact of scan speed on speckle-induced noise being used as confirmation of dependency between relative movement of target and sensor.]", + "nodeType": "systemIndependent", + "tags": ["Target distance measurement", "Velocity of measured target", "Distance and velocity analysis", "Target motion detection", "Relative target measurement"] + }, + { + "id": "1012", + "parentIds": ["1001"], + "title": "Laser Quality", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "The quality of the laser system influences the SNR of the detected signal. Quality is given by low noises and small coherence length.", + "references": "", + "nodeType": "effect", + "tags": ["Laser system quality", "Low noise laser properties", "Short coherence length", "Laser SNR influence", "Emission system quality", "Laser stability and performance"] + }, + { + "id": "1013", + "parentIds": ["1005"], + "title": "Beam quality", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "The overall beam quality influence the beam propgation and thus the coupling efficiciency.", + "references": "[1005, Ding et al., Study of Fiber Coupling Efficiency and Adaptive Optics Correction Technique in Atmospheric Slant-Range Channels, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1784.v1]", + "nodeType": "effect", + "tags": ["Beam propagation quality", "Laser beam parameters", "Beam quality assessment", "Optical coupling beam quality", "Emission beam influence", "Laser beam performance"] + }, + { + "id": "1014", + "parentIds": ["1005"], + "title": "Output power", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "The power of each beam. More power allows a better coupling efficiency.", + "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Laser beam output power", "Emission power impact", "Output power coupling", "Beam intensity for coupling", "Power level in laser system", "Light power output"] + }, + { + "id": "1015", + "parentIds": ["1005"], + "title": "Entrance pupil", + "decomBlock": "Reception", + "description": "The entrance pupil (aperture) of the optical system.", + "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Optical system aperture", "Entrance pupil size", "Aperture for light reception", "Optical system input aperture", "Entrance pupil impact", "Reception aperture characteristics"] + }, + { + "id": "1016", + "parentIds": ["1013"], + "title": "Beam size", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "Size of the out-going laser beam.", + "references": "[1013, Edmund Optics GmbH, Beam Quality and Strehl Ratio, https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/lasers/beam-quality-and-strehl-ratio/, See Strehl Ratio.]", + "nodeType": "systemIndependent", + "tags": ["Outgoing laser beam size", "Beam diameter specification", "Laser beam size influence", "Emission beam dimensions", "Size of outgoing beam"] + }, + { + "id": "1017", + "parentIds": ["1005", "1016"], + "title": "PIC mode field", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "The mode field distribution used for beam generation and in-coupling.", + "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [1016, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["PIC mode field distribution", "Waveguide mode field", "Mode field for coupling", "Beam generation field", "PIC mode for emission", "Optical mode field distribution"] + }, + { + "id": "1018", + "parentIds": ["1016"], + "title": "Focal length", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "Focal length of the optical system.", + "references": "[1016, Pan et al., Micron-precision measurement using a combined frequency-modulated continuous wave ladar autofocusing system at 60 meters standoff distance, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.015186]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Optical system focal length", "Lens focal distance", "Focal length parameters", "Focusing length specification", "System focal characteristics", "Beam focusing length"] + }, + { + "id": "1019", + "parentIds": ["1014"], + "title": "Laser Safety Class", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "The laser safety class limits the optical power that can be used.", + "references": "[1014, DIN, DIN EN 60825-1:2022-07, https://www.vde-verlag.de/standards/0800758/din-en-60825-1-vde-0837-1-2022-07.html]", + "nodeType": "systemIndependent", + "tags": ["Laser safety classification", "Optical power safety limits", "Laser power class", "Safety standards for laser", "Emission safety classification", "Laser system safety"] + }, + { + "id": "1020", + "parentIds": ["1013"], + "title": "Wavefront Errors", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "The overall wavefront errors of the optical system influence the beam quality", + "references": "[1013, Edmund Optics GmbH, Beam Quality and Strehl Ratio, https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/lasers/beam-quality-and-strehl-ratio/, See Strehl Ratio.]", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Wavefront error", "Optical wavefront analysis", "Wavefront quality impact", "Beam quality wavefront errors", "Optical system wavefront", "Emission wavefront assessment"] + }, + { + "id": "1021", + "parentIds": ["1012"], + "title": "Laser Coherence", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "The coherence length influences the shape and SNR of the result detected peak. Smaller coherence length improves SNR.", + "references": "", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Laser coherence properties", "Coherence length specification", "SNR improvement by coherence", "Coherence length influence", "Laser peak coherence", "Coherence impact on SNR"] + }, + { + "id": "1022", + "parentIds": ["1012"], + "title": "Laser Noise", + "decomBlock": "Emission", + "description": "General noises influencing the chirp linearity and stability and thus the SNR of the detection. Better chirp linearity improves SNR.", + "references": "", + "nodeType": "designParameter", + "tags": ["Laser noise impact", "Chirp linearity stability", "Noise-induced detection errors", "Signal-to-noise ratio improvement", "Laser chirp properties", "Emission noise reduction"] + }, + { + "id": "1023", + "parentIds": [], + "title": "Speckle-induced noise", + "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", + "description": "Phase noise created by speckle effect.", + "references": "", + "nodeType": "effect", + "tags": ["Speckle noise phase effect", "Noise from speckle patterns", "Speckle-induced errors", "Laser speckle phenomena", "Phase noise by speckle"] } ] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + From 5d0f480122337dcbfda31ee74cb7062edff89a98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TimoHinsemann Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2024 21:49:17 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Fusion of FMCW-branch and develop-branch. --- data.json | 272 +++++++++++++----------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 64 insertions(+), 208 deletions(-) diff --git a/data.json b/data.json index 8f9334e..5cd5d16 100755 --- a/data.json +++ b/data.json @@ -31,21 +31,21 @@ }, { "id": "3", - "parentIds": ["92", "93", "112", "110", "111", "128", "129"], + "parentIds": ["92", "93", "112", "110", "111", "128", "129", "1006"], "title": "Emitter wavelength", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "Wavelength of the emitted light beam, considered an ectromagnetic wave. Thus, wavelength being “the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation“ [Wavelength. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 21, 2021, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/wavelength].", - "references": "[92, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Absorption cross section σ_abs(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [92, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [92, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [92, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Absorption efficiency factor Q_abs(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [93, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Scattering cross section σ_sca(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [93, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [93, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [93, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Scattering efficiency factor Q_sca(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [112, Milenković et al., Total canopy transmittance estimated from small-footprint; full-waveform airborne LiDAR, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092427161630171X] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.95.] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [110, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415] [111, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.] [128, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [128, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.] [129, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [129, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.]", + "references": "[1006, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [1006, Dainty et al., Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-43205-1_2] [92, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Absorption cross section σ_abs(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [92, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [92, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [92, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Absorption efficiency factor Q_abs(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [93, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Scattering cross section σ_sca(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [93, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [93, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [93, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Scattering efficiency factor Q_sca(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [112, Milenković et al., Total canopy transmittance estimated from small-footprint; full-waveform airborne LiDAR, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092427161630171X] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.95.] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [110, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415] [111, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.] [128, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [128, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.] [129, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [129, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Signal frequency", "Radiating wavelength", "Emission frequency", "Transmitter wave characteristics", "Wavelength of emitting source"] }, { "id": "4", - "parentIds": ["54", "69", "142"], + "parentIds": ["54", "69", "142", "1005"], "title": "Emission power level", "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "Power level of emitted beam, specifically of one laser pulse.", - "references": "[54, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Average Power of laser pulse P_0; p.6-7.] [54, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Laser-Radar-Equation: Emitted luminous power P_0.] [69, Mei et al., Noise modeling; evaluation and reduction for the atmospheric lidar technique employing an image sensor, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0030401818304632] [69, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Average Power of laser pulse P_0; p.6-7.] [142, Uehara, Systems and methods for mitigating effects of high-reflectivity objects in lidar data, https://patents.justia.com/patent/20190391270] [142, Lichti et al., Error Models and Propagation in Directly Georeferenced Terrestrial Laser Scanner Networks, http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9453%282005%29131%3A4%28135%29, Influences on blooming listed here. Thus; being influences on saturation of a photodiode in the first place.]", + "description": "Power level of emitted beam, specifically of one laser pulse in case of pulsed emission.", + "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [54, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Average Power of laser pulse P_0; p.6-7.] [54, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Laser-Radar-Equation: Emitted luminous power P_0.] [69, Mei et al., Noise modeling; evaluation and reduction for the atmospheric lidar technique employing an image sensor, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0030401818304632] [69, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Average Power of laser pulse P_0; p.6-7.] [142, Uehara, Systems and methods for mitigating effects of high-reflectivity objects in lidar data, https://patents.justia.com/patent/20190391270] [142, Lichti et al., Error Models and Propagation in Directly Georeferenced Terrestrial Laser Scanner Networks, http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9453%282005%29131%3A4%28135%29, Influences on blooming listed here. Thus; being influences on saturation of a photodiode in the first place.]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Transmit power intensity", "Signal emission strength", "Radiating power level", "Output signal strength", "Emission intensity", "Transmit power magnitude"] }, @@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ }, { "id": "17", - "parentIds": ["102"], + "parentIds": ["102", "1023"], "title": "Lidar/mirror spin rate/oscillation frequency", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "Freqeuency of oscillating/rotating components of emitter optics.", - "references": "[102, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/]", + "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [102, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/] [102, Groll and Kapp, Effect of Fast Motion on Range Images Acquired by Lidar Scanners for Automotive Applications, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2007.893945]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Lidar and mirror dynamics", "Spinning rate of Lidar or mirror", "Oscillation frequency of Lidar or mirror", "Rotational frequency of Lidar system", "Spin and oscillation dynamics", "Lidar mirror movement rate"] }, @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, { "id": "59", - "parentIds": ["54"], - "title": "Small area of primary receiver optics", + "parentIds": ["54", "1005"], + "title": "Area of primary receiver optics / entrance pupil", "decomBlock": "Reception", - "description": "Limited field of view of primary receiver optics, determined by size of beam-receiving lens.", - "references": "[54, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Area of primary receiver optics A; p.6-7.] [54, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Laser-Radar-Equation: Receiving lens surface A_sensor.]", + "description": "Size of beam-receiving lens / entrance pupil, determining receiver field of view.", + "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [54, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Area of primary receiver optics A; p.6-7.] [54, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Laser-Radar-Equation: Receiving lens surface A_sensor.]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Limited optic surface", "Reduced primary optic area", "Small receiver optics region", "Constrained primary optic size", "Optic surface area limitation", "Primary optic size restriction"] }, @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ "title": "Relative movement of object", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", "description": "Object moving relative to LIDAR sensor.", - "references": "[102, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/]", + "references": "[102, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/] [102, Groll and Kapp, Effect of Fast Motion on Range Images Acquired by Lidar Scanners for Automotive Applications, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2007.893945]", "nodeType": "systemIndependent", "tags": ["Object motion", "Moving object impact", "Relative motion interference", "Object in motion", "Moving target influence", "Object movement effect"] }, @@ -541,11 +541,11 @@ }, { "id": "102", - "parentIds": [], + "parentIds": ["145"], "title": "Motion scan effect", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", "description": "Vertical or horizontal scan of an object moving vertically or horizontally relative to the scanning direction is leading to a longer or shorter object scan period and, thus, to a directional expansion or compression of the resolution of the beams hitting the object and incorrect dimensions of the received object point cloud. The inequalities between detections without impact of motion scan effect and dynamic detections distorted by motion scan effect being referred as detection state errors.", - "references": "", + "references": "[145, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/] [145, Groll and Kapp, Effect of Fast Motion on Range Images Acquired by Lidar Scanners for Automotive Applications, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2007.893945]", "nodeType": "effect", "tags": ["Scan-induced motion interference", "Motion scan impact on signals", "Signal distortion from scanning motion", "Motion scan effect on detection", "Influence of scanning motion on signals", "Scan-induced signal variation"] }, @@ -741,11 +741,11 @@ }, { "id": "123", - "parentIds": ["110", "111", "112"], + "parentIds": ["110", "111", "112", "1006"], "title": "Object part surface roughness", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", "description": "Roughness being a value for the heights and depths of microscopic bumps and holes within a surface.", - "references": "[110, Peelen and Metselaar, Light scattering by pores in polycrystalline materials: Transmission properties of alumina, http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1662961] [111, Carrea et al., Correction of terrestrial LiDAR intensity channel using Oren–Nayar reflectance model: An application to lithological differentiation, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271615002658] [111, Li and Liang, Remote measurement of surface roughness; surface reflectance; and body reflectance with LiDAR, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-54-30-8904] [111, Li et al., Bidirectional reflectance distribution function based surface modeling of non-Lambertian using intensity data of light detection and ranging, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-31-9-2055] [112, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [112, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [112, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.]", + "references": "[1006, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [110, Peelen and Metselaar, Light scattering by pores in polycrystalline materials: Transmission properties of alumina, http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1662961] [111, Carrea et al., Correction of terrestrial LiDAR intensity channel using Oren–Nayar reflectance model: An application to lithological differentiation, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271615002658] [111, Li and Liang, Remote measurement of surface roughness; surface reflectance; and body reflectance with LiDAR, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-54-30-8904] [111, Li et al., Bidirectional reflectance distribution function based surface modeling of non-Lambertian using intensity data of light detection and ranging, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-31-9-2055] [112, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [112, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [112, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.]", "nodeType": "systemIndependent", "tags": ["Surface irregularity of parts", "Roughness of physical components", "Rough surface on parts", "Part surface unevenness"] }, @@ -941,6 +941,17 @@ }, + { + "id": "145", + "parentIds": [], + "title": "Detection state error", + "decomBlock": "Detection identification", + "description": "State error of single detection point compared to ground truth regarding the fixed timestamp of whole point cloud. States being distance, velocity, angle and intensity.", + "references": "", + "nodeType": "effect" + }, + + @@ -951,74 +962,25 @@ - - { - "id": "1000", - "parentIds": [], - "title": "False detection", - "decomBlock": "Detection identification", - "description": "Wrong detection during the measurement.", - "references": "", - "nodeType": "effect", - "tags": ["Incorrect measurement detection", "Erroneous detection", "False signal identification", "Measurement error in detection", "False positive detection", "Detection anomaly"] - }, - { - "id": "1100", - "parentIds": [], - "title": "True detection", - "decomBlock": "Detection identification", - "description": "True detection during the measurement.", - "references": "", - "nodeType": "effect", - "tags": ["Accurate measurement detection", "Correct signal identification", "True detection event", "Validated detection", "True positive detection", "Detection success"] - }, - { - "id": "1001", - "parentIds": ["1004"], - "title": "Time domain signal", - "decomBlock": "Pre-processing", - "description": "The time-dependent beat signal before digital processing", - "references": "[1004, Elghandour and Ren, Modeling and comparative study of various detection techniques for FMCW LIDAR using optisystem, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2034878]", - "nodeType": "systemIndependent", - "tags": ["Time-domain beat signal", "Pre-processed time signal", "Beat signal characteristics", "Signal before digital conversion", "Temporal signal analysis", "Analog beat signal"] - }, - { - "id": "1002", - "parentIds": ["1004"], - "title": "Signal thresholding", - "decomBlock": "Pre-processing", - "description": "Declaration as detection only if detection threshold, e.g. power level threshold, is exceeded.", - "references": "[1004, Gu et al., Learning Moving-Object Tracking with FMCW LiDAR, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981346]", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Signal threshold influence", "Threshold-based detection", "Detection sensitivity threshold", "Signal threshold adjustment", "Thresholding impact on detection", "Threshold-driven signal analysis"] - }, { "id": "1003", - "parentIds": ["1004"], + "parentIds": ["0"], "title": "Signal windowing", "decomBlock": "Pre-processing", - "description": "The windowing of the time domain signal influences the frequency domain.", - "references": "[1004, Gu et al., Learning Moving-Object Tracking with FMCW LiDAR, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981346]", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Windowing in time domain", "Signal window effect", "Frequency domain influence", "Time domain signal windowing", "Windowing for frequency analysis", "Signal segmentation by windowing"] - }, - { - "id": "1004", - "parentIds": ["1000", "1100"], - "title": "Detection algorithm", - "decomBlock": "Detection identification", - "description": "The choice of the peak detection algorithm defines the false detection and true detection.", - "references": "[1000, Gu et al., Learning Moving-Object Tracking with FMCW LiDAR, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981346] [1100, Gu et al., Learning Moving-Object Tracking with FMCW LiDAR, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981346]", + "description": "Application of a window function on time domain signal, influencing the frequency domain.", + "references": "[0, Enggar et al., Performance comparison of various windowing On FMCW radar signal processing, https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24684809, Source is referring to FMCW Radar technology. Windowing types are considered to be applicable to FMCW Lidar signal processing.]", "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Detection algorithm impact", "Algorithm for detection accuracy", "False and true detection dependency", "Peak algorithm choice", "Detection methodology"] + "tags": ["Windowing in time domain", "Signal window effect", "Frequency domain influence", "Time domain signal windowing", "Windowing for frequency analysis", "Signal segmentation by windowing"], + "FMCWspecific": "true" }, + { "id": "1005", - "parentIds": ["1001"], + "parentIds": ["54"], "title": "Incoupling efficiency", "decomBlock": "Reception", - "description": "Capablity to inject the returned light in the single mode waveguides.", - "references": "[1001, Li et al., Analysis on coupling efficiency of the fiber probe used in frequency scanning interference distance measurement, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164006] [1001, Schwab et al., Coupling light emission of single-photon sources into single-mode fibers: mode matching; coupling efficiencies and thermo-optical effects, https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-30-18-32292&id=493226]", + "description": "Capablity to inject the returned light in the single mode waveguides, being defined as 'ratio of guided optical powers before and after the coupling process' [Son et al. (2018). High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075.]. Thus, incoupling efficiency needs to be taken into account only when using waveguides.", + "references": "[54, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [54, Li et al., Analysis on coupling efficiency of the fiber probe used in frequency scanning interference distance measurement, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.164006] [54, Schwab et al., Coupling light emission of single-photon sources into single-mode fibers: mode matching; coupling efficiencies and thermo-optical effects, https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-30-18-32292&id=493226]", "nodeType": "effect", "tags": ["Light incoupling efficiency", "Waveguide light injection", "Single-mode waveguide coupling", "Optical incoupling performance", "Coupling efficiency assessment", "Returned light injection"] }, @@ -1027,180 +989,74 @@ "parentIds": ["1005", "1023"], "title": "Speckles", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", - "description": "Coherent light effect due to rough surfaces.", + "description": "Coherent light/radiation effect due to rough surfaces, respectively interferences caused by phase shifts of reflected radiation.", "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776]", "nodeType": "effect", "tags": ["Coherent light speckles", "Phase distortions", "Coherent speckle interference", "Laser speckle phenomena"] }, - { - "id": "1007", - "parentIds": ["1005"], - "title": "Other Losses", - "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", - "description": "Includes all other optical losses, like material absorptions, Fresnel reflections.", - "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Optical system losses", "Fresnel reflection losses", "Material absorption losses", "Additional optical losses", "Other light transmission losses", "Loss factors in optics"] - }, - { - "id": "1008", - "parentIds": ["1001"], - "title": "Photo Diode Performance", - "decomBlock": "Reception", - "description": "Sensitivity of the photodiodes and transimpedance amplifiers.", - "references": "", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Photodiode sensitivity", "Transimpedance amplifier performance", "Sensor response characteristics", "Photodiode detection efficiency", "Photoelectric sensitivity", "Photodiode and amplifier properties"] - }, - { - "id": "1009", - "parentIds": ["1006", "1019"], - "title": "Wavelength", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "System central wavelength.", - "references": "[1019, DIN, DIN EN 60825-1:2022-07, https://www.vde-verlag.de/standards/0800758/din-en-60825-1-vde-0837-1-2022-07.html][1006, Dainty et al., Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-43205-1_2]", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Central wavelength definition", "Emission wavelength properties", "Laser central wavelength", "Wavelength impact on system", "System wavelength specification", "Design wavelength parameter"] - }, - { - "id": "1010", - "parentIds": ["1005", "1023"], - "title": "Scan Speed", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "The angular speed of non-solid state scan units. Mitgates speckle-induced noise but reduces coupling efficiency.", - "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776]", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Angular scan speed", "Non-solid-state scanning", "Scan speed noise mitigation", "Speckle noise reduction", "Scanning angular velocity", "Coupling efficiency trade-off"] - }, + + + + + + { "id": "1011", "parentIds": ["1023"], - "title": "Target Distance and Velocity", + "title": "Object part lateral velocity", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", - "description": "The distance and velocity of the target to be measured.", - "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776, Impact of scan speed on speckle-induced noise being used as confirmation of dependency between relative movement of target and sensor.]", + "description": "Lateral/orthogonal velocity of the object part, from the perspective of the laser axis.", + "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776, Impact of scan speed on speckle-induced noise being used as confirmation of dependency between relative lateral movement of target and sensor.]", "nodeType": "systemIndependent", "tags": ["Target distance measurement", "Velocity of measured target", "Distance and velocity analysis", "Target motion detection", "Relative target measurement"] }, - { - "id": "1012", - "parentIds": ["1001"], - "title": "Laser Quality", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "The quality of the laser system influences the SNR of the detected signal. Quality is given by low noises and small coherence length.", - "references": "", - "nodeType": "effect", - "tags": ["Laser system quality", "Low noise laser properties", "Short coherence length", "Laser SNR influence", "Emission system quality", "Laser stability and performance"] - }, - { - "id": "1013", - "parentIds": ["1005"], - "title": "Beam quality", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "The overall beam quality influence the beam propgation and thus the coupling efficiciency.", - "references": "[1005, Ding et al., Study of Fiber Coupling Efficiency and Adaptive Optics Correction Technique in Atmospheric Slant-Range Channels, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1784.v1]", - "nodeType": "effect", - "tags": ["Beam propagation quality", "Laser beam parameters", "Beam quality assessment", "Optical coupling beam quality", "Emission beam influence", "Laser beam performance"] - }, - { - "id": "1014", - "parentIds": ["1005"], - "title": "Output power", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "The power of each beam. More power allows a better coupling efficiency.", - "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Laser beam output power", "Emission power impact", "Output power coupling", "Beam intensity for coupling", "Power level in laser system", "Light power output"] - }, - { - "id": "1015", - "parentIds": ["1005"], - "title": "Entrance pupil", - "decomBlock": "Reception", - "description": "The entrance pupil (aperture) of the optical system.", - "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Optical system aperture", "Entrance pupil size", "Aperture for light reception", "Optical system input aperture", "Entrance pupil impact", "Reception aperture characteristics"] - }, - { - "id": "1016", - "parentIds": ["1013"], - "title": "Beam size", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "Size of the out-going laser beam.", - "references": "[1013, Edmund Optics GmbH, Beam Quality and Strehl Ratio, https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/lasers/beam-quality-and-strehl-ratio/, See Strehl Ratio.]", - "nodeType": "systemIndependent", - "tags": ["Outgoing laser beam size", "Beam diameter specification", "Laser beam size influence", "Emission beam dimensions", "Size of outgoing beam"] - }, + + + + { "id": "1017", - "parentIds": ["1005", "1016"], + "parentIds": ["1005"], "title": "PIC mode field", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "The mode field distribution used for beam generation and in-coupling.", - "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [1016, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", + "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["PIC mode field distribution", "Waveguide mode field", "Mode field for coupling", "Beam generation field", "PIC mode for emission", "Optical mode field distribution"] }, { "id": "1018", - "parentIds": ["1016"], + "parentIds": ["1005"], "title": "Focal length", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "Focal length of the optical system.", - "references": "[1016, Pan et al., Micron-precision measurement using a combined frequency-modulated continuous wave ladar autofocusing system at 60 meters standoff distance, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.015186]", + "references": "[1005, Pan et al., Micron-precision measurement using a combined frequency-modulated continuous wave ladar autofocusing system at 60 meters standoff distance, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.015186]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Optical system focal length", "Lens focal distance", "Focal length parameters", "Focusing length specification", "System focal characteristics", "Beam focusing length"] }, - { - "id": "1019", - "parentIds": ["1014"], - "title": "Laser Safety Class", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "The laser safety class limits the optical power that can be used.", - "references": "[1014, DIN, DIN EN 60825-1:2022-07, https://www.vde-verlag.de/standards/0800758/din-en-60825-1-vde-0837-1-2022-07.html]", - "nodeType": "systemIndependent", - "tags": ["Laser safety classification", "Optical power safety limits", "Laser power class", "Safety standards for laser", "Emission safety classification", "Laser system safety"] - }, + { "id": "1020", - "parentIds": ["1013"], + "parentIds": ["1005"], "title": "Wavefront Errors", "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "The overall wavefront errors of the optical system influence the beam quality", - "references": "[1013, Edmund Optics GmbH, Beam Quality and Strehl Ratio, https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/lasers/beam-quality-and-strehl-ratio/, See Strehl Ratio.]", + "description": "Aberrations of the wavefront, being dependent on installed optical system.", + "references": "[1005, Ding et al., Study of Fiber Coupling Efficiency and Adaptive Optics Correction Technique in Atmospheric Slant-Range Channels, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1784.v1]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Wavefront error", "Optical wavefront analysis", "Wavefront quality impact", "Beam quality wavefront errors", "Optical system wavefront", "Emission wavefront assessment"] }, - { - "id": "1021", - "parentIds": ["1012"], - "title": "Laser Coherence", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "The coherence length influences the shape and SNR of the result detected peak. Smaller coherence length improves SNR.", - "references": "", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Laser coherence properties", "Coherence length specification", "SNR improvement by coherence", "Coherence length influence", "Laser peak coherence", "Coherence impact on SNR"] - }, - { - "id": "1022", - "parentIds": ["1012"], - "title": "Laser Noise", - "decomBlock": "Emission", - "description": "General noises influencing the chirp linearity and stability and thus the SNR of the detection. Better chirp linearity improves SNR.", - "references": "", - "nodeType": "designParameter", - "tags": ["Laser noise impact", "Chirp linearity stability", "Noise-induced detection errors", "Signal-to-noise ratio improvement", "Laser chirp properties", "Emission noise reduction"] - }, + + { "id": "1023", - "parentIds": [], + "parentIds": ["145"], "title": "Speckle-induced noise", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", "description": "Phase noise created by speckle effect.", - "references": "", + "references": "[145, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776", "nodeType": "effect", - "tags": ["Speckle noise phase effect", "Noise from speckle patterns", "Speckle-induced errors", "Laser speckle phenomena", "Phase noise by speckle"] + "tags": ["Speckle noise phase effect", "Noise from speckle patterns", "Speckle-induced errors", "Laser speckle phenomena", "Phase noise by speckle"], + "FMCWspecific": "true" } ] From e2880987bab755400b408832a07d67a420d38ebf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TimoHinsemann Date: Tue, 7 Jan 2025 14:48:22 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Unnecessary line breaks removed. --- data.json | 28 ---------------------------- 1 file changed, 28 deletions(-) diff --git a/data.json b/data.json index 5cd5d16..afa8e86 100755 --- a/data.json +++ b/data.json @@ -939,8 +939,6 @@ "nodeType": "effect", "tags": ["Power below quantization threshold", "Sub-minimum quantization power", "Inadequate power for quantization", "Below-quantization threshold signal", "Power insufficient for quantization", "Sub-threshold quantization power"] }, - - { "id": "145", "parentIds": [], @@ -950,18 +948,6 @@ "references": "", "nodeType": "effect" }, - - - - - - - - - - - - { "id": "1003", "parentIds": ["0"], @@ -973,7 +959,6 @@ "tags": ["Windowing in time domain", "Signal window effect", "Frequency domain influence", "Time domain signal windowing", "Windowing for frequency analysis", "Signal segmentation by windowing"], "FMCWspecific": "true" }, - { "id": "1005", "parentIds": ["54"], @@ -994,12 +979,6 @@ "nodeType": "effect", "tags": ["Coherent light speckles", "Phase distortions", "Coherent speckle interference", "Laser speckle phenomena"] }, - - - - - - { "id": "1011", "parentIds": ["1023"], @@ -1010,10 +989,6 @@ "nodeType": "systemIndependent", "tags": ["Target distance measurement", "Velocity of measured target", "Distance and velocity analysis", "Target motion detection", "Relative target measurement"] }, - - - - { "id": "1017", "parentIds": ["1005"], @@ -1034,7 +1009,6 @@ "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Optical system focal length", "Lens focal distance", "Focal length parameters", "Focusing length specification", "System focal characteristics", "Beam focusing length"] }, - { "id": "1020", "parentIds": ["1005"], @@ -1045,8 +1019,6 @@ "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Wavefront error", "Optical wavefront analysis", "Wavefront quality impact", "Beam quality wavefront errors", "Optical system wavefront", "Emission wavefront assessment"] }, - - { "id": "1023", "parentIds": ["145"], From 756e465fa34c1755e501e1caeef53f590e13d5a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TimoHinsemann Date: Tue, 7 Jan 2025 18:46:43 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 5/6] IDs changed to be consecutive and empty lines removed. --- data.json | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------------- 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-) diff --git a/data.json b/data.json index afa8e86..0d95ae7 100755 --- a/data.json +++ b/data.json @@ -31,21 +31,21 @@ }, { "id": "3", - "parentIds": ["92", "93", "112", "110", "111", "128", "129", "1006"], + "parentIds": ["92", "93", "112", "110", "111", "128", "129", "148"], "title": "Emitter wavelength", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "Wavelength of the emitted light beam, considered an ectromagnetic wave. Thus, wavelength being “the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation“ [Wavelength. (n.d.). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 21, 2021, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/wavelength].", - "references": "[1006, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [1006, Dainty et al., Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-43205-1_2] [92, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Absorption cross section σ_abs(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [92, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [92, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [92, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Absorption efficiency factor Q_abs(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [93, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Scattering cross section σ_sca(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [93, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [93, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [93, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Scattering efficiency factor Q_sca(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [112, Milenković et al., Total canopy transmittance estimated from small-footprint; full-waveform airborne LiDAR, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092427161630171X] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.95.] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [110, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415] [111, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.] [128, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [128, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.] [129, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [129, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.]", + "references": "[148, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [148, Dainty et al., Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-43205-1_2] [92, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Absorption cross section σ_abs(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [92, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [92, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [92, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Absorption efficiency factor Q_abs(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [93, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: Transmission term T(R): Extinction coefficient α(R;λ): Extinction cross section σ_ext(λ): Scattering cross section σ_sca(λ): Wavelength λ; p.10.] [93, Liou et al., On geometric optics and surface waves for light scattering by spheres, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407310001408] [93, Mishchenko and Dlugach, Scattering and extinction by spherical particles immersed in an absorbing host medium, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022407318300840] [93, Yin and Pilon, Efficiency factors and radiation characteristics of spherical scatterers in an absorbing medium, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-23-11-2784, Mie Theory: Scattering efficiency factor Q_sca(a): Size factor x: Wavelength λ; p.6.] [112, Milenković et al., Total canopy transmittance estimated from small-footprint; full-waveform airborne LiDAR, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092427161630171X] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.95.] [112, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [110, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [110, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415] [111, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [111, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.] [128, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [128, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.] [129, Brown and Arnold, Fundamentals of Laser-Material Interaction and Application to Multiscale Surface Modification, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-10523-4_4, p.93.] [129, Eichler et al., Optical Waveguides and Glass Fibers, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-99895-4_13, p.256.]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Signal frequency", "Radiating wavelength", "Emission frequency", "Transmitter wave characteristics", "Wavelength of emitting source"] }, { "id": "4", - "parentIds": ["54", "69", "142", "1005"], + "parentIds": ["54", "69", "142", "147"], "title": "Emission power level", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "Power level of emitted beam, specifically of one laser pulse in case of pulsed emission.", - "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [54, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Average Power of laser pulse P_0; p.6-7.] [54, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Laser-Radar-Equation: Emitted luminous power P_0.] [69, Mei et al., Noise modeling; evaluation and reduction for the atmospheric lidar technique employing an image sensor, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0030401818304632] [69, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Average Power of laser pulse P_0; p.6-7.] [142, Uehara, Systems and methods for mitigating effects of high-reflectivity objects in lidar data, https://patents.justia.com/patent/20190391270] [142, Lichti et al., Error Models and Propagation in Directly Georeferenced Terrestrial Laser Scanner Networks, http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9453%282005%29131%3A4%28135%29, Influences on blooming listed here. Thus; being influences on saturation of a photodiode in the first place.]", + "references": "[147, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [54, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Average Power of laser pulse P_0; p.6-7.] [54, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Laser-Radar-Equation: Emitted luminous power P_0.] [69, Mei et al., Noise modeling; evaluation and reduction for the atmospheric lidar technique employing an image sensor, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0030401818304632] [69, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Average Power of laser pulse P_0; p.6-7.] [142, Uehara, Systems and methods for mitigating effects of high-reflectivity objects in lidar data, https://patents.justia.com/patent/20190391270] [142, Lichti et al., Error Models and Propagation in Directly Georeferenced Terrestrial Laser Scanner Networks, http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9453%282005%29131%3A4%28135%29, Influences on blooming listed here. Thus; being influences on saturation of a photodiode in the first place.]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Transmit power intensity", "Signal emission strength", "Radiating power level", "Output signal strength", "Emission intensity", "Transmit power magnitude"] }, @@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ }, { "id": "17", - "parentIds": ["102", "1023"], + "parentIds": ["102", "153"], "title": "Lidar/mirror spin rate/oscillation frequency", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "Freqeuency of oscillating/rotating components of emitter optics.", - "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [102, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/] [102, Groll and Kapp, Effect of Fast Motion on Range Images Acquired by Lidar Scanners for Automotive Applications, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2007.893945]", + "references": "[153, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [102, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/] [102, Groll and Kapp, Effect of Fast Motion on Range Images Acquired by Lidar Scanners for Automotive Applications, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2007.893945]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Lidar and mirror dynamics", "Spinning rate of Lidar or mirror", "Oscillation frequency of Lidar or mirror", "Rotational frequency of Lidar system", "Spin and oscillation dynamics", "Lidar mirror movement rate"] }, @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, { "id": "59", - "parentIds": ["54", "1005"], + "parentIds": ["54", "147"], "title": "Area of primary receiver optics / entrance pupil", "decomBlock": "Reception", "description": "Size of beam-receiving lens / entrance pupil, determining receiver field of view.", - "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [54, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Area of primary receiver optics A; p.6-7.] [54, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Laser-Radar-Equation: Receiving lens surface A_sensor.]", + "references": "[147, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075] [54, Wandinger, Introduction to Lidar, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-25101-4_1, Lidar Equation: System factor K: Area of primary receiver optics A; p.6-7.] [54, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Laser-Radar-Equation: Receiving lens surface A_sensor.]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Limited optic surface", "Reduced primary optic area", "Small receiver optics region", "Constrained primary optic size", "Optic surface area limitation", "Primary optic size restriction"] }, @@ -741,11 +741,11 @@ }, { "id": "123", - "parentIds": ["110", "111", "112", "1006"], + "parentIds": ["110", "111", "112", "148"], "title": "Object part surface roughness", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", "description": "Roughness being a value for the heights and depths of microscopic bumps and holes within a surface.", - "references": "[1006, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [110, Peelen and Metselaar, Light scattering by pores in polycrystalline materials: Transmission properties of alumina, http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1662961] [111, Carrea et al., Correction of terrestrial LiDAR intensity channel using Oren–Nayar reflectance model: An application to lithological differentiation, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271615002658] [111, Li and Liang, Remote measurement of surface roughness; surface reflectance; and body reflectance with LiDAR, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-54-30-8904] [111, Li et al., Bidirectional reflectance distribution function based surface modeling of non-Lambertian using intensity data of light detection and ranging, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-31-9-2055] [112, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [112, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [112, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.]", + "references": "[148, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776] [110, Peelen and Metselaar, Light scattering by pores in polycrystalline materials: Transmission properties of alumina, http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1662961] [111, Carrea et al., Correction of terrestrial LiDAR intensity channel using Oren–Nayar reflectance model: An application to lithological differentiation, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271615002658] [111, Li and Liang, Remote measurement of surface roughness; surface reflectance; and body reflectance with LiDAR, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-54-30-8904] [111, Li et al., Bidirectional reflectance distribution function based surface modeling of non-Lambertian using intensity data of light detection and ranging, https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-31-9-2055] [112, Rosenberger et al., Analysis of Real World Sensor Behavior for Rising Fidelity of Physically Based Lidar Sensor Models, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8500511/, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [112, Wei et al., Multi-wavelength canopy LiDAR for remote sensing of vegetation: Design and system performance, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271612000378, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two.] [112, Gotzig and Geduld, Automotive LIDAR, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_18, Mutual influence of absorption; reflection and transmission: A + R + T = 1 with hemispherical absorptance A; hemispherical reflectance R; hemispherical transmittance T. Thus; causes for one of these three inevitably affect the other two. See p.415.]", "nodeType": "systemIndependent", "tags": ["Surface irregularity of parts", "Roughness of physical components", "Rough surface on parts", "Part surface unevenness"] }, @@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ "nodeType": "effect" }, { - "id": "1003", + "id": "146", "parentIds": ["0"], "title": "Signal windowing", "decomBlock": "Pre-processing", @@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ "FMCWspecific": "true" }, { - "id": "1005", + "id": "147", "parentIds": ["54"], "title": "Incoupling efficiency", "decomBlock": "Reception", @@ -970,57 +970,57 @@ "tags": ["Light incoupling efficiency", "Waveguide light injection", "Single-mode waveguide coupling", "Optical incoupling performance", "Coupling efficiency assessment", "Returned light injection"] }, { - "id": "1006", - "parentIds": ["1005", "1023"], + "id": "148", + "parentIds": ["147", "153"], "title": "Speckles", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", "description": "Coherent light/radiation effect due to rough surfaces, respectively interferences caused by phase shifts of reflected radiation.", - "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776]", + "references": "[147, Ding et al., Study of Fiber Coupling Efficiency and Adaptive Optics Correction Technique in Atmospheric Slant-Range Channels, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1784.v1] [153, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776]", "nodeType": "effect", "tags": ["Coherent light speckles", "Phase distortions", "Coherent speckle interference", "Laser speckle phenomena"] }, { - "id": "1011", - "parentIds": ["1023"], + "id": "149", + "parentIds": ["153"], "title": "Object part lateral velocity", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", "description": "Lateral/orthogonal velocity of the object part, from the perspective of the laser axis.", - "references": "[1023, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776, Impact of scan speed on speckle-induced noise being used as confirmation of dependency between relative lateral movement of target and sensor.]", + "references": "[153, Baumann et al., Speckle phase noise in coherent laser ranging: fundamental precision limitations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.39.004776, Impact of scan speed on speckle-induced noise being used as confirmation of dependency between relative lateral movement of target and sensor.]", "nodeType": "systemIndependent", "tags": ["Target distance measurement", "Velocity of measured target", "Distance and velocity analysis", "Target motion detection", "Relative target measurement"] }, { - "id": "1017", - "parentIds": ["1005"], + "id": "150", + "parentIds": ["147"], "title": "PIC mode field", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "The mode field distribution used for beam generation and in-coupling.", - "references": "[1005, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", + "references": "[147, Son et al., High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits, https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["PIC mode field distribution", "Waveguide mode field", "Mode field for coupling", "Beam generation field", "PIC mode for emission", "Optical mode field distribution"] }, { - "id": "1018", - "parentIds": ["1005"], + "id": "151", + "parentIds": ["147"], "title": "Focal length", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "Focal length of the optical system.", - "references": "[1005, Pan et al., Micron-precision measurement using a combined frequency-modulated continuous wave ladar autofocusing system at 60 meters standoff distance, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.015186]", + "references": "[147, Pan et al., Micron-precision measurement using a combined frequency-modulated continuous wave ladar autofocusing system at 60 meters standoff distance, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.015186]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Optical system focal length", "Lens focal distance", "Focal length parameters", "Focusing length specification", "System focal characteristics", "Beam focusing length"] }, { - "id": "1020", - "parentIds": ["1005"], + "id": "152", + "parentIds": ["147"], "title": "Wavefront Errors", "decomBlock": "Emission", "description": "Aberrations of the wavefront, being dependent on installed optical system.", - "references": "[1005, Ding et al., Study of Fiber Coupling Efficiency and Adaptive Optics Correction Technique in Atmospheric Slant-Range Channels, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1784.v1]", + "references": "[147, Ding et al., Study of Fiber Coupling Efficiency and Adaptive Optics Correction Technique in Atmospheric Slant-Range Channels, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1784.v1]", "nodeType": "designParameter", "tags": ["Wavefront error", "Optical wavefront analysis", "Wavefront quality impact", "Beam quality wavefront errors", "Optical system wavefront", "Emission wavefront assessment"] }, { - "id": "1023", + "id": "153", "parentIds": ["145"], "title": "Speckle-induced noise", "decomBlock": "Signal propagation", @@ -1030,24 +1030,4 @@ "tags": ["Speckle noise phase effect", "Noise from speckle patterns", "Speckle-induced errors", "Laser speckle phenomena", "Phase noise by speckle"], "FMCWspecific": "true" } -] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +] \ No newline at end of file From e9b717dee6a2854e0f8e6b5f919f3230dfb16ea2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: TimoHinsemann Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2025 16:09:33 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Source directory change. --- src | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/src b/src index 7ac7b33..77a8661 160000 --- a/src +++ b/src @@ -1 +1 @@ -Subproject commit 7ac7b335c66a4fd17522c6258781c23d5d928e1f +Subproject commit 77a8661ad687d73636bf52430cedb5a4b305501b