sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem: 21 vulnerabilities (highest severity is: 7.5) #5
Description
Vulnerable Library - sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Vulnerabilities
| Vulnerability | Severity |  CVSS |
Exploit Maturity | EPSS | Dependency | Type | Fixed in (sinatra-contrib version) | Remediation Possible** | Reachability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-22860 |  High |
7.5 | Not Defined | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | ||
| CVE-2025-61919 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 0.2% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-61772 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 0.3% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-61771 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 0.1% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-61770 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 0.2% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-59830 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 0.1% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-46727 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 0.3% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-27610 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 0.4% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2023-27530 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 2.1% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2022-44572 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 0.3% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2022-44571 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 3.1% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2022-44570 | High |
7.5 | Not Defined | 3.1% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-25184 |  Medium |
6.5 | Not Defined | 1.0% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-61780 | Medium |
5.8 | Not Defined | 0.1% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2024-26141 | Medium |
5.8 | Not Defined | 0.3% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2026-25500 | Medium |
5.4 | Not Defined | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | ||
| CVE-2025-27111 | Medium |
5.3 | Not Defined | 0.4% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2024-26146 | Medium |
5.3 | Not Defined | 0.6% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2024-25126 | Medium |
5.3 | Not Defined | 0.3% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2023-27539 | Medium |
5.3 | Not Defined | 0.3% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ | |
| CVE-2025-32441 | Medium |
4.2 | Not Defined | 0.1% | rack-2.2.4.gem | Transitive | N/A* | ❌ |
*For some transitive vulnerabilities, there is no version of direct dependency with a fix. Check the "Details" section below to see if there is a version of transitive dependency where vulnerability is fixed.
**In some cases, Remediation PR cannot be created automatically for a vulnerability despite the availability of remediation
Details
Partial details (20 vulnerabilities) are displayed below due to a content size limitation in GitHub. To view information on the remaining vulnerabilities, navigate to the Mend Application.
CVE-2026-22860
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Summary "Rack::Directory"’s path check used a string prefix match on the expanded path. A request like "/../root_example/" can escape the configured root if the target path starts with the root string, allowing directory listing outside the intended root. Details In "directory.rb", "File.expand_path(File.join(root, path_info)).start_with?(root)" does not enforce a path boundary. If the server root is "/var/www/root", a path like "/var/www/root_backup" passes the check because it shares the same prefix, so "Rack::Directory" will list that directory also. Impact Information disclosure via directory listing outside the configured root when "Rack::Directory" is exposed to untrusted clients and a directory shares the root prefix (e.g., "public2", "www_backup"). Mitigation * Update to a patched version of Rack that correctly checks the root prefix. * Don't name directories with the same prefix as one which is exposed via "Rack::Directory".
Publish Date: 2026-02-17
URL: CVE-2026-22860
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS:
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: High
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: None
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-mxw3-3hh2-x2mh
Release Date: 2026-02-17
Fix Resolution: rack - 3.1.20,rack - 3.2.5,rack - 2.2.22
CVE-2025-61919
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, and 3.2.3, "Rack::Request#POST" reads the entire request body into memory for "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded", calling "rack.input.read(nil)" without enforcing a length or cap. Large request bodies can therefore be buffered completely into process memory before parsing, leading to denial of service (DoS) through memory exhaustion. Users should upgrade to Rack version 2.2.20, 3.1.18, or 3.2.3, anu of which enforces form parameter limits using "query_parser.bytesize_limit", preventing unbounded reads of "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" bodies. Additionally, enforce strict maximum body size at the proxy or web server layer (e.g., Nginx "client_max_body_size", Apache "LimitRequestBody").
Publish Date: 2025-10-10
URL: CVE-2025-61919
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.2%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-6xw4-3v39-52mm
Release Date: 2025-10-10
Fix Resolution: rack - 3.1.18,rack - 3.2.3,rack - 2.2.20
CVE-2025-61772
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. In versions prior to 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2, "Rack::Multipart::Parser" can accumulate unbounded data when a multipart part’s header block never terminates with the required blank line ("CRLFCRLF"). The parser keeps appending incoming bytes to memory without a size cap, allowing a remote attacker to exhaust memory and cause a denial of service (DoS). Attackers can send incomplete multipart headers to trigger high memory use, leading to process termination (OOM) or severe slowdown. The effect scales with request size limits and concurrency. All applications handling multipart uploads may be affected. Versions 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2 cap per-part header size (e.g., 64 KiB). As a workaround, restrict maximum request sizes at the proxy or web server layer (e.g., Nginx "client_max_body_size").
Publish Date: 2025-10-07
URL: CVE-2025-61772
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.3%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-wpv5-97wm-hp9c
Release Date: 2025-10-07
Fix Resolution: rack - 3.2.2,rack - 2.2.19,rack - 3.1.17,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - 2.2.19,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.1.17,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.2.2
CVE-2025-61771
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. In versions prior to 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2, ``Rack::Multipart::Parser"stores non-file form fields (parts without a"filename") entirely in memory as Ruby "String"objects. A single large text field in a multipart/form-data request (hundreds of megabytes or more) can consume equivalent process memory, potentially leading to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions and denial of service (DoS). Attackers can send large non-file fields to trigger excessive memory usage. Impact scales with request size and concurrency, potentially leading to worker crashes or severe garbage-collection overhead. All Rack applications processing multipart form submissions are affected. Versions 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2 enforce a reasonable size cap for non-file fields (e.g., 2 MiB). Workarounds include restricting maximum request body size at the web-server or proxy layer (e.g., Nginx"client_max_body_size`) and validating and rejecting unusually large form fields at the application level.
Mend Note: The description of this vulnerability differs from MITRE.
Publish Date: 2025-10-07
URL: CVE-2025-61771
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.1%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-w9pc-fmgc-vxvw
Release Date: 2025-10-07
Fix Resolution: rack - 3.2.2,rack - 2.2.19,rack - 3.1.17,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v2.2.19,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.2.2,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.1.17
CVE-2025-61770
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. In versions prior to 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2, "Rack::Multipart::Parser" buffers the entire multipart preamble (bytes before the first boundary) in memory without any size limit. A client can send a large preamble followed by a valid boundary, causing significant memory use and potential process termination due to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions. Remote attackers can trigger large transient memory spikes by including a long preamble in multipart/form-data requests. The impact scales with allowed request sizes and concurrency, potentially causing worker crashes or severe slowdown due to garbage collection. Versions 2.2.19, 3.1.17, and 3.2.2 enforce a preamble size limit (e.g., 16 KiB) or discard preamble data entirely. Workarounds include limiting total request body size at the proxy or web server level and monitoring memory and set per-process limits to prevent OOM conditions.
Publish Date: 2025-10-07
URL: CVE-2025-61770
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.2%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp
Release Date: 2025-10-07
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.19,rack - 3.1.17,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.1.17,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.2.2,rack - 3.2.2,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v2.2.19
CVE-2025-59830
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to version 2.2.18, Rack::QueryParser enforces its params_limit only for parameters separated by &, while still splitting on both & and ;. As a result, attackers could use ; separators to bypass the parameter count limit and submit more parameters than intended. Applications or middleware that directly invoke Rack::QueryParser with its default configuration (no explicit delimiter) could be exposed to increased CPU and memory consumption. This can be abused as a limited denial-of-service vector. This issue has been patched in version 2.2.18.
Publish Date: 2025-09-25
URL: CVE-2025-59830
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.1%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-625h-95r8-8xpm
Release Date: 2025-09-25
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.18,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v2.2.18
CVE-2025-46727
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.14, 3.0.16, and 3.1.14, "Rack::QueryParser" parses query strings and "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" bodies into Ruby data structures without imposing any limit on the number of parameters, allowing attackers to send requests with extremely large numbers of parameters. The vulnerability arises because "Rack::QueryParser" iterates over each "&"-separated key-value pair and adds it to a Hash without enforcing an upper bound on the total number of parameters. This allows an attacker to send a single request containing hundreds of thousands (or more) of parameters, which consumes excessive memory and CPU during parsing. An attacker can trigger denial of service by sending specifically crafted HTTP requests, which can cause memory exhaustion or pin CPU resources, stalling or crashing the Rack server. This results in full service disruption until the affected worker is restarted. Versions 2.2.14, 3.0.16, and 3.1.14 fix the issue. Some other mitigations are available. One may use middleware to enforce a maximum query string size or parameter count, or employ a reverse proxy (such as Nginx) to limit request sizes and reject oversized query strings or bodies. Limiting request body sizes and query string lengths at the web server or CDN level is an effective mitigation.
Mend Note: The description of this vulnerability differs from MITRE.
Publish Date: 2025-05-07
URL: CVE-2025-46727
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.3%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Release Date: 2025-05-07
Fix Resolution: https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.0.16,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v3.1.14,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v2.2.14
CVE-2025-27610
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.13, 3.0.14, and 3.1.12, "Rack::Static" can serve files under the specified "root:" even if "urls:" are provided, which may expose other files under the specified "root:" unexpectedly. The vulnerability occurs because "Rack::Static" does not properly sanitize user-supplied paths before serving files. Specifically, encoded path traversal sequences are not correctly validated, allowing attackers to access files outside the designated static file directory. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can gain access to all files under the specified "root:" directory, provided they are able to determine then path of the file. Versions 2.2.13, 3.0.14, and 3.1.12 contain a patch for the issue. Other mitigations include removing usage of "Rack::Static", or ensuring that "root:" points at a directory path which only contains files which should be accessed publicly. It is likely that a CDN or similar static file server would also mitigate the issue.
Publish Date: 2025-03-10
URL: CVE-2025-27610
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.4%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: High
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: None
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-7wqh-767x-r66v
Release Date: 2025-03-10
Fix Resolution: rack - 3.1.12,rack - 3.0.14,rack - 2.2.13
CVE-2023-27530
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
A DoS vulnerability exists in Rack <v3.0.4.2, <v2.2.6.3, <v2.1.4.3 and <v2.0.9.3 within in the Multipart MIME parsing code in which could allow an attacker to craft requests that can be abuse to cause multipart parsing to take longer than expected.
Publish Date: 2023-03-10
URL: CVE-2023-27530
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 2.1%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Release Date: 2023-03-10
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.3,2.1.4.3,2.2.6.3,3.0.4.2
CVE-2022-44572
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
A denial of service vulnerability in the multipart parsing component of Rack fixed in 2.0.9.2, 2.1.4.2, 2.2.4.1 and 3.0.0.1 could allow an attacker tocraft input that can cause RFC2183 multipart boundary parsing in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. Any applications that parse multipart posts using Rack (virtually all Rails applications) are impacted.
Publish Date: 2023-02-09
URL: CVE-2022-44572
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.3%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-rqv2-275x-2jq5
Release Date: 2023-02-09
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1
CVE-2022-44571
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
There is a denial of service vulnerability in the Content-Disposition parsingcomponent of Rack fixed in 2.0.9.2, 2.1.4.2, 2.2.4.1, 3.0.0.1. This could allow an attacker to craft an input that can cause Content-Disposition header parsing in Rackto take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial ofservice attack vector. This header is used typically used in multipartparsing. Any applications that parse multipart posts using Rack (virtuallyall Rails applications) are impacted.
Publish Date: 2023-02-09
URL: CVE-2022-44571
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 3.1%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-93pm-5p5f-3ghx
Release Date: 2023-02-09
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1
CVE-2022-44570
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
A denial of service vulnerability in the Range header parsing component of Rack >= 1.5.0. A Carefully crafted input can cause the Range header parsing component in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. Any applications that deal with Range requests (such as streaming applications, or applications that serve files) may be impacted.
Publish Date: 2023-02-09
URL: CVE-2022-44570
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 3.1%
CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: High
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-65f5-mfpf-vfhj
Release Date: 2023-02-09
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1
CVE-2025-25184
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10, Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs. When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes. The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile. Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files. Versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10 contain a fix.
Publish Date: 2025-02-12
URL: CVE-2025-25184
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 1.0%
CVSS 3 Score Details (6.5)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: Low
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: High
- Availability Impact: None
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg
Release Date: 2025-02-12
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.11,3.0.12,3.1.11
CVE-2025-61780
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, and 3.2.3, a possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in "Rack::Sendfile" when running behind a proxy that supports "x-sendfile" headers (such as Nginx). Specially crafted headers could cause "Rack::Sendfile" to miscommunicate with the proxy and trigger unintended internal requests, potentially bypassing proxy-level access restrictions. When "Rack::Sendfile" received untrusted "x-sendfile-type" or "x-accel-mapping" headers from a client, it would interpret them as proxy configuration directives. This could cause the middleware to send a "redirect" response to the proxy, prompting it to reissue a new internal request that was not subject to the proxy's access controls. An attacker could exploit this by setting a crafted "x-sendfile-type: x-accel-redirect" header, setting a crafted "x-accel-mapping" header, and requesting a path that qualifies for proxy-based acceleration. Attackers could bypass proxy-enforced restrictions and access internal endpoints intended to be protected (such as administrative pages). The vulnerability did not allow arbitrary file reads but could expose sensitive application routes. This issue only affected systems meeting all of the following conditions: The application used "Rack::Sendfile" with a proxy that supports "x-accel-redirect" (e.g., Nginx); the proxy did not always set or remove the "x-sendfile-type" and "x-accel-mapping" headers; and the application exposed an endpoint that returned a body responding to ".to_path". Users should upgrade to Rack versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, or 3.2.3, which require explicit configuration to enable "x-accel-redirect". Alternatively, configure the proxy to always set or strip the header, or in Rails applications, disable sendfile completely.
Mend Note: The description of this vulnerability differs from MITRE.
Publish Date: 2025-10-10
URL: CVE-2025-61780
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.1%
CVSS 3 Score Details (5.8)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Changed
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: Low
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: None
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-r657-rxjc-j557
Release Date: 2025-10-10
Fix Resolution: rack - 3.1.18,rack - 2.2.20,rack - 3.2.3
CVE-2024-26141
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Carefully crafted Range headers can cause a server to respond with an unexpectedly large response. Responding with such large responses could lead to a denial of service issue. Vulnerable applications will use the Rack::File middleware or the Rack::Utils.byte_ranges methods (this includes Rails applications). The vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.9.1 and 2.2.8.1.
Publish Date: 2024-02-28
URL: CVE-2024-26141
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.3%
CVSS 3 Score Details (5.8)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Changed
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: Low
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-xj5v-6v4g-jfw6
Release Date: 2024-02-28
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.8.1,rack - 3.0.9.1
CVE-2026-25500
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Summary "Rack::Directory" generates an HTML directory index where each file entry is rendered as a clickable link. If a file exists on disk whose basename begins with the "javascript:" scheme (e.g. "javascript:alert(1)"), the generated index includes an anchor whose "href" attribute is exactly "javascript:alert(1)". Clicking this entry executes arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the hosting application. This results in a client-side XSS condition in directory listings generated by "Rack::Directory". Details "Rack::Directory" renders directory entries using an HTML row template similar to: %s The "%s" placeholder is populated directly with the file’s basename. If the basename begins with "javascript:", the resulting HTML contains an executable JavaScript URL: javascript:alert(1) Because the value is inserted directly into the "href" attribute without scheme validation or normalization, browsers interpret it as a JavaScript URI. When a user clicks the link, the JavaScript executes in the origin of the Rack application. Impact If "Rack::Directory" is used to expose filesystem contents over HTTP, an attacker who can create or upload files within that directory may introduce a malicious filename beginning with "javascript:". When a user visits the directory listing and clicks the entry, arbitrary JavaScript executes in the application's origin. Exploitation requires user interaction (clicking the malicious entry). Mitigation * Update to a patched version of Rack in which "Rack::Directory" prefixes generated anchors with a relative path indicator (e.g. "./filename"). * Avoid exposing user-controlled directories via "Rack::Directory". * Apply a strict Content Security Policy (CSP) to reduce impact of potential client-side execution issues. * Where feasible, restrict or sanitize uploaded filenames to disallow dangerous URI scheme prefixes.
Publish Date: 2026-02-17
URL: CVE-2026-25500
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS:
CVSS 3 Score Details (5.4)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: Low
- User Interaction: Required
- Scope: Changed
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: Low
- Integrity Impact: Low
- Availability Impact: None
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-whrj-4476-wvmp
Release Date: 2026-02-17
Fix Resolution: rack - 3.2.5,rack - 3.1.20,rack - 2.2.22
CVE-2025-27111
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. The Rack::Sendfile middleware logs unsanitised header values from the X-Sendfile-Type header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.12, 3.0.13, and 3.1.11.
Publish Date: 2025-03-04
URL: CVE-2025-27111
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.4%
CVSS 3 Score Details (5.3)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: Low
- Availability Impact: None
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v
Release Date: 2025-03-04
Fix Resolution: 2.2.12,3.1.11,3.0.13,v2.2.12,v3.0.13,v3.1.11
CVE-2024-26146
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Carefully crafted headers can cause header parsing in Rack to take longer than expected resulting in a possible denial of service issue. Accept and Forwarded headers are impacted. Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rack applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.0.9.4, 2.1.4.4, 2.2.8.1, and 3.0.9.1.
Publish Date: 2024-02-28
URL: CVE-2024-26146
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.6%
CVSS 3 Score Details (5.3)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: Low
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26146
Release Date: 2024-02-28
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.4,2.1.4.4,2.2.8.1,3.0.9.1
CVE-2024-25126
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Carefully crafted content type headers can cause Rack’s media type parser to take much longer than expected, leading to a possible denial of service vulnerability (ReDos 2nd degree polynomial). This vulnerability is patched in 3.0.9.1 and 2.2.8.1.
Publish Date: 2024-02-28
URL: CVE-2024-25126
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.3%
CVSS 3 Score Details (5.3)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: None
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: Low
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Origin: GHSA-22f2-v57c-j9cx
Release Date: 2024-02-28
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.8.1,3.0.9.1
CVE-2023-27539
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.4.gem
Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.4.gem
Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock
Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.4.gem
Dependency Hierarchy:
- sinatra-contrib-3.0.2.gem (Root Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
- ❌ rack-2.2.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)
- rack-protection-3.0.2.gem
Found in base branch: main
Vulnerability Details
There is a denial of service vulnerability in the header parsing component of Rack. Carefully crafted input can cause header parsing in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. Any applications that parse headers using Rack (virtually all Rails applications) are impacted. The issue is fixed versions 2.2.6.4 and 3.0.6.1
Publish Date: 2025-01-09
URL: CVE-2023-27539
Threat Assessment
Exploit Maturity: Not Defined
EPSS: 0.3%
CVSS 3 Score Details (5.3)
Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: Low
- Privileges Required: None
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: Low
- Integrity Impact: None
- Availability Impact: None
Suggested Fix
Type: Upgrade version
Release Date: 2025-01-09
Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.6.4,3.0.6.1