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<h1 id="函数"><a href="#函数" class="headerlink" title="函数"></a>函数</h1><h2 id="声明-定义"><a href="#声明-定义" class="headerlink" title="声明/定义"></a>声明/定义</h2><h2 id="基本"><a href="#基本" class="headerlink" title="基本"></a>基本</h2><h2 id="重载"><a href="#重载" class="headerlink" title="重载"></a>重载</h2><h2 id="形参有默认值"><a href="#形参有默认值" class="headerlink" title="形参有默认值"></a>形参有默认值</h2><h2 id="资料"><a href="#资料" class="headerlink" title="资料"></a>资料</h2>
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<h1 id="iterator"><a href="#iterator" class="headerlink" title="iterator"></a>iterator</h1><p>类似指针，用于访问容器中的对象</p>
<p>需要<code>#include<iterator></code></p>
<h2 id="用法"><a href="#用法" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//1) 正向迭代器，定义方法如下：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//容器类名::iterator 迭代器名;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>>::iterator i;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//2) 常量正向迭代器，定义方法如下：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//容器类名::const_iterator 迭代器名;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//3) 反向迭代器，定义方法如下：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//容器类名::reverse_iterator 迭代器名;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">vector</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>>::reverse_iterator ri;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//4) 常量反向迭代器，定义方法如下：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//容器类名::const_reverse_iterator 迭代器名;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 迭代器都可以进行++操作。反向迭代器和正向迭代器的区别在于：</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 对正向迭代器进行++操作时，迭代器会指向容器中的后一个元素；</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 而对反向迭代器进行++操作时，迭代器会指向容器中的前一个元素。</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i) { <span class="comment">//用迭代器遍历容器</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span> << *i << <span class="string">" "</span>; <span class="comment">//*i 就是迭代器i指向的元素</span></span><br><span class="line"> *i *= <span class="number">2</span>; <span class="comment">//每个元素变为原来的2倍</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//begin 成员函数返回指向容器中第一个元素的迭代器。++i 使得 i 指向容器中的下一个元素。end 成员函数返回的不是指向最后一个元素的迭代器，而是指向最后一个元素后面的位置的迭代器，因此循环的终止条件是i != v.end()。</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="不同迭代器"><a href="#不同迭代器" class="headerlink" title="不同迭代器"></a>不同迭代器</h2><p>常用的迭代器按功能强弱分为输入、输出、正向、双向、随机访问五种，这里只介绍常用的三种。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>正向迭代器。假设 p 是一个正向迭代器，则 p 支持以下操作：++p，p++，*p。此外，两个正向迭代器可以互相赋值，还可以用==和!=运算符进行比较。</p>
</li>
<li><p>双向迭代器。双向迭代器具有正向迭代器的全部功能。除此之外，若 p 是一个双向迭代器，则–p和p–都是有定义的。–p使得 p 朝和++p相反的方向移动。</p>
</li>
<li><p>随机访问迭代器。随机访问迭代器具有双向迭代器的全部功能。若 p 是一个随机访问迭代器，i 是一个整型变量或常量，则 p 还支持以下操作：<br>p+=i：使得 p 往后移动 i 个元素。<br>p-=i：使得 p 往前移动 i 个元素。<br>p+i：返回 p 后面第 i 个元素的迭代器。<br>p-i：返回 p 前面第 i 个元素的迭代器。<br>p[i]：返回 p 后面第 i 个元素的引用。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>此外，两个随机访问迭代器 <code>p1</code>、<code>p2</code> 还可以用 <code><</code>、<code>></code>、<code><=</code>、<code>>=</code> 运算符进行比较。<code>p1<p2</code>的含义是：<code>p1</code> 经过若干次（至少一次）<code>++</code>操作后，就会等于 <code>p2</code>。其他比较方式的含义与此类似。</p>
<p>对于两个随机访问迭代器 <code>p1</code>、<code>p2</code>，表达式<code>p2-p1</code>也是有定义的，其返回值是 <code>p2</code> 所指向元素和 p1 所指向元素的序号之差（也可以说是 p2 和 p1 之间的元素个数减一）。</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">i = v.begin();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span>(i < v.end()) { <span class="comment">//间隔一个输出</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span> << * i;</span><br><span class="line"> i += <span class="number">2</span>; <span class="comment">// 随机访问迭代器支持 "+= 整数" 的操作</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>表1：不同容器的迭代器的功能</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>容器</th>
<th>迭代器功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>vector</td>
<td>随机访问</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>deque</td>
<td>随机访问</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>list</td>
<td>双向</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>set / multiset</td>
<td>双向</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>map / multimap</td>
<td>双向</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>stack</td>
<td>不支持迭代器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>queue</td>
<td>不支持迭代器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>priority_queue</td>
<td>不支持迭代器</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<h1 id="STL-容器"><a href="#STL-容器" class="headerlink" title="STL 容器"></a>STL 容器</h1><blockquote>
<p>序列式容器（Sequence containers），此为可序群集，其中每个元素均有固定位置—取决于插入时机和地点，和元素值无关。如果你以追加方式对一个群集插入六个元素，它们的排列次序将和插入次序一致。STL提供了三个序列式容器：向量（vector）、双端队列（deque）、列表（list）.</p>
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<blockquote>
<p>关联式容器（Associative containers），此为已序群集，元素位置取决于特定的排序准则以及元素值，和插入次序无关。如果你将六个元素置入这样的群集中，它们的位置取决于元素值，和插入次序无关。STL提供了四个关联式容器：集合（set）、多重集合（multiset）、映射（map）和多重映射（multimap）。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="vector"><a href="#vector" class="headerlink" title="vector"></a>vector</h2><p>可以看做可扩展的数组，末端可扩展，且末端插入快</p>
<p>需要<code>include<vector></code></p>
<h2 id="deque"><a href="#deque" class="headerlink" title="deque"></a>deque</h2><p>可以看做可双向扩展的<code>vector</code></p>
<p>需要<code>#include<queue></code></p>
<h2 id="list"><a href="#list" class="headerlink" title="list"></a>list</h2><p>双向链表，在内存中不连续存储。所以插入删除快，但不支持随机访问。</p>
<p>需要<code>#include<list></code></p>
<h2 id="set"><a href="#set" class="headerlink" title="set"></a>set</h2><p>用红黑树实现，自动排序，元素不重复。</p>
<p>需要<code>#include<set></code>，<code>multiset</code>也是</p>
<p><code>multiset</code>可以有重复元素</p>
<h2 id="map"><a href="#map" class="headerlink" title="map"></a>map</h2><p>用红黑树实现，自动排序，元素不重复。</p>
<p>需要<code>#inlcude<map></code>，<code>multimap</code>也是</p>
<p><code>multimap</code>可以有重复元素</p>
<h2 id="用法"><a href="#用法" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h2><p>都能用迭代器遍历</p>
<p>各个容器用法差不多，下面以<code>vector</code>为例</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//创建</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">vector</span><T> v1; <span class="comment">//创建类型为T的对象。默认构造函数 v1 为空。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="built_in">vector</span><T> <span class="title">v2</span><span class="params">(v1)</span></span>; <span class="comment">//v2 是 v1 的一个副本。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="built_in">vector</span><T> <span class="title">v3</span><span class="params">(n, i)</span></span>; <span class="comment">//v3 包含 n 个值为 i 的元素。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="built_in">vector</span><T> <span class="title">v4</span><span class="params">(n)</span></span>; <span class="comment">//v4 含有值初始化的元素的 n 个副本。</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//大小</span></span><br><span class="line">vec.size();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//访问元素</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<vec[<span class="number">0</span>]<<<span class="built_in">endl</span>;<span class="comment">//用下标</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//遍历一般用迭代器，参考迭代器那篇</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//插入</span></span><br><span class="line">vec.insert(vec.begin()+i,a); <span class="comment">//在第i+1个元素前面插入a;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//尾部插入</span></span><br><span class="line">vec.push_back(a);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//删除</span></span><br><span class="line">vec.erase(vec.begin()+<span class="number">2</span>); <span class="comment">//删除第3个元素</span></span><br><span class="line">vec.erase(vec.begin()+i,vec.end()+j); <span class="comment">//删除区间[ i,j-1] 区间从0开始</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//清空</span></span><br><span class="line">vec.clear();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>map</code>,<code>set</code>的插入用<code>insert</code></p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 第一种 用insert函數插入pair</span></span><br><span class="line">mapStudent.insert(<span class="built_in">pair</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>, <span class="built_in">string</span>>(<span class="number">000</span>, <span class="string">"student_zero"</span>));</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 第二种 用insert函数插入value_type数据</span></span><br><span class="line">mapStudent.insert(<span class="built_in">map</span><<span class="keyword">int</span>, <span class="built_in">string</span>>::value_type(<span class="number">001</span>, <span class="string">"student_one"</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>list</code>,<code>queue</code>支持头部插入，用<code>push_front()</code></p>
<p>可以使用<code>sort()</code>进行排序</p>
<p><code>merge()</code>将两个容器合并，合并成功后会按从小到大的顺序排列;</p>
<p>如：<code>lt1.merge(lt2);</code> lt1容器中的元素全都合并到容器lt2中。</p>
<p><code>splice()</code>函数也是合并，可以指定合并位置，但是不自动排序</p>
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<h1 id="iomanip"><a href="#iomanip" class="headerlink" title="iomanip"></a>iomanip</h1><p>设置输出格式</p>
<p><code>include<iomanip></code></p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setprecision(<span class="number">9</span>)<<a; <span class="comment">//保留9位有效数字（默认为6）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setiosflags(ios::fixed)<<a;<span class="comment">//设置格式标志为小数（默认也是6，即保留6位小数）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setiosflags(ios::fixed)<<setprecision(<span class="number">9</span>)<<a;<span class="comment">//保留9位小数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setiosflags(ios::showbase); <span class="comment">//显示进制的前缀</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<hex<<a;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setiosflags(ios::apperence)<<a;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setw(<span class="number">10</span>)<<b<<<span class="string">","</span><<b;<span class="comment">//设置宽度为10</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setfill(<span class="string">"*"</span>)<<setw(<span class="number">10</span>)<<b<<<span class="string">","</span><<b;<span class="comment">//不用空格而用"*"填充不足的宽度</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setiosflags(ios::positive)<<b;<span class="comment">//打出正号</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"oct: "</span> << showbase << setbase(<span class="number">8</span>) << a << <span class="string">" "</span> << oct << a << <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"dec: "</span> << showbase << setbase(<span class="number">10</span>) << a << <span class="string">" "</span> << dec << a << <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span> << <span class="string">"hex: "</span> << showbase << setbase(<span class="number">16</span>) << a << <span class="string">" "</span> << hex << a << <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// oct:八进制,dec:十进制,hex:十六进制，上面两种写法效果一样</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span> << fixed <<setprecision(<span class="number">12</span>) << pi << <span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setiosflags(ios::left); <span class="comment">//输出左对齐</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cout</span><<setiosflags(ios::right); <span class="comment">//输出右对齐 默认右对齐</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//除setw()外都是全局有效，setw()只对紧跟的一个有效</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="C-基本"><a href="#C-基本" class="headerlink" title="C++基本"></a>C++基本</h1><p>语句尾加;</p>
<p>一行可以写多个语句</p>
<p>一个语句也可以占几行</p>
<h2 id="注释"><a href="#注释" class="headerlink" title="注释"></a>注释</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 单行注释</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">块注释，不可嵌套</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">*/</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *一般写成这样</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*块注释也可以写在一行里*/</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="C-关键字"><a href="#C-关键字" class="headerlink" title="C++ 关键字"></a>C++ 关键字</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/cpp-keyword-intro.html">https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/cpp-keyword-intro.html</a></p>
<h2 id="运算符-表达式"><a href="#运算符-表达式" class="headerlink" title="运算符 表达式"></a>运算符 表达式</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/cpp-keyword-intro.html">https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/cpp-keyword-intro.html</a></p>
<p><code>=</code> 赋值运算符 自右向左</p>
<p>赋值表达式返回指向目标的引用</p>
<p>-></p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a=b=c=d=<span class="number">100</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>合法，先把100赋值给d，之后把d的值赋给c…</p>
<h2 id="输入输出"><a href="#输入输出" class="headerlink" title="输入输出"></a>输入输出</h2><h3 id="cin-cout"><a href="#cin-cout" class="headerlink" title="cin cout"></a>cin cout</h3><p>在<code><iostream></code>中</p>
<p>空格和回车会分隔输入</p>
<p>输入char会截取第一个字符（不包括空格），后面的继续传递</p>
<p><code>cin</code>，<code>cout</code>没有返回值，<code>while(cin>>a)</code>中的返回值是<code>>></code>操作符返回<code>istream&类型</code></p>
<h3 id="getchar-putchar"><a href="#getchar-putchar" class="headerlink" title="getchar putchar"></a>getchar putchar</h3><p>在<code><cstdio></code>中</p>
<p>源自c语言</p>
<p>输入输出单个字符</p>
<p>回车也是字符</p>
<p><code>putchar <string></code>会出错</p>
<h2 id="分支"><a href="#分支" class="headerlink" title="分支"></a>分支</h2><h3 id="if"><a href="#if" class="headerlink" title="if"></a>if</h3><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>(boolean_expression){</span><br><span class="line"> statement(s);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>(boolean_expression)</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 如果布尔表达式为真将执行的语句</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 如果布尔表达式为假将执行的语句</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//写成一行</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>(boolean_expression)statement;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>(boolean_expression){statements;}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span>()</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="comment">//else if</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="switch"><a href="#switch" class="headerlink" title="switch"></a>switch</h3><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">switch</span>(expression){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> constant-expression :</span><br><span class="line"> statement(s);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>; <span class="comment">//跳出循环，看情况写</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> constant-expression :</span><br><span class="line"> statement(s);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 可以有任意数量的 case 语句</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">default</span> : </span><br><span class="line"> statement(s);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>eg.</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">switch</span>(a){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span><<x<<<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">2</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> x++;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">default</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span><<<span class="string">"error"</span><<<span class="built_in">endl</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="循环"><a href="#循环" class="headerlink" title="循环"></a>循环</h2><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">break</span>;<span class="comment">//跳出当前循环</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">continue</span>;<span class="comment">//跳出本次循环进入下一次循环</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="for"><a href="#for" class="headerlink" title="for"></a>for</h3><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> ( init; condition; increment )</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> statement(s);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>eg.</p>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i=<span class="number">1</span>;i<<span class="number">5</span>; i++) <span class="comment">//只要有两个分号分出三段就可以，分号之间不写也可以</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">cout</span><<i;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(;;)<span class="comment">//死循环</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="while"><a href="#while" class="headerlink" title="while"></a>while</h3><figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span>(condition)</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> statement(s);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">do</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> statement(s);</span><br><span class="line">}<span class="keyword">while</span>( condition ); <span class="comment">//这里有分号</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="资料来源"><a href="#资料来源" class="headerlink" title="资料来源"></a>资料来源</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-switch.html">https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-switch.html</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-if-else.html">https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-if-else.html</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/jackbai1990/article/details/7467030">https://blog.csdn.net/jackbai1990/article/details/7467030</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/0d3777c8147b">https://www.jianshu.com/p/0d3777c8147b</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-do-while-loop.html">https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-do-while-loop.html</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-for-loop.html">https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-for-loop.html</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-while-loop.html">https://www.runoob.com/cplusplus/cpp-while-loop.html</a></p>
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<h1 id="一些计算机相关网站"><a href="#一些计算机相关网站" class="headerlink" title="一些计算机相关网站"></a>一些计算机相关网站</h1><h2 id="问答网站"><a href="#问答网站" class="headerlink" title="问答网站"></a>问答网站</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://segmentfault.com/">思否</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://stackoverflow.com/">Stack Overflow</a></p>
<h2 id="教学"><a href="#教学" class="headerlink" title="教学"></a>教学</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pintia.cn/problem-sets?tab=0">PTA</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.codecademy.com/catalog">Codecademy</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/">菜鸟教程</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://oi-wiki.org/">OI Wiki</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.fenby.com/">fenby</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.lanqiao.cn/">蓝桥杯</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.yuque.com/0xffff.one/cs-learning">0xffff</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://learnxinyminutes.com/">Learning x in y Minutes</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.w3school.com.cn/">w3school</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/learn/">微软教学资源</a></p>
<h2 id="论坛、博客"><a href="#论坛、博客" class="headerlink" title="论坛、博客"></a>论坛、博客</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.csdn.net/">CSDN</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.aliyun.com/">阿里云</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/">博客园</a></p>
<h2 id="资料、资源"><a href="#资料、资源" class="headerlink" title="资料、资源"></a>资料、资源</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/">Github</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/">码云</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.chinaz.com/">站长之家</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.iocoder.cn/">芋道源码</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://opensource.org/">OpenSourse</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitlab.com/">Gitlab</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://code.google.com/">Google Code</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://sourceforge.net/">SourceForge</a></p>
<h2 id="官方文档"><a href="#官方文档" class="headerlink" title="官方文档"></a>官方文档</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_74_0/libs/assign/doc/index.html">boost</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.8/">python</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://theme-next.iissnan.com/getting-started.html">NexT</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.github.com/cn">Github</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.gimp.org/2.10/zh_CN/">GIMP</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.anaconda.com/">Anaconda</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/zh-cn/docs/">Hexo</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.cppreference.com/w/">c++/c</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/">Microsoft</a></p>
<h2 id="OJ-题库"><a href="#OJ-题库" class="headerlink" title="OJ/题库"></a>OJ/题库</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.luogu.com.cn/">洛谷</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://leetcode-cn.com/">LeetCode</a></p>
<h2 id="GitHub学习资源"><a href="#GitHub学习资源" class="headerlink" title="GitHub学习资源"></a>GitHub学习资源</h2><h3 id="大学"><a href="#大学" class="headerlink" title="大学"></a>大学</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/lib-pku/libpku">北京大学</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/tongtzeho/PKUCourse">北京大学计算机课程大作业</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/brenner8023/gdut-course">广东工业大学</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/QSCTech/zju-icicles">浙江大学</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/PKUanonym/REKCARC-TSC-UHT">清华大学</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/stellarkey/912_project">清华大学计算机系考研攻略</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/PKUanonym/REKCARC-TSC-UHT">上海交通大学</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/CooperNiu/ZZU-Courses-Resource">郑州大学</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/idealclover/NJU-Review-Materials">南京大学</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/ZhangYikaii/NJUCS-Course-Material-from-YikaiZhang">南京大学计算机系</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/zjdx1998/seucourseshare">东南大学</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/deepwzh/sdust-examination-materials">山东科技大学</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/bljx/BFU-leaf">北京林业大学</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/sysuexam/SYSU-Exam">中山大学</a></p>
<h3 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a>其他</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/geekxh/hello-algorithm">小浩算法</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/wenhan-wu/OpenCourseCatalog">Bilibili公开课目录</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/ming1016/study">戴铭学习记录</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/keithnull/TeachYourselfCS-CN">TeachYourselfCS中文版</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/CyC2018/CS-Notes">技术面试必备知识</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/SSHeRun/CS-Xmind-Note">计算机专业课思维导图</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/lizhenghn123/StudyBooks">学习资料</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/ossu/computer-science">OSSU</a></p>
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<a href="/lookup/yaml/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">YAML 基本语法</a>
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<h1 id="YAML-基本语法"><a href="#YAML-基本语法" class="headerlink" title="YAML 基本语法"></a>YAML 基本语法</h1><h2 id="基本"><a href="#基本" class="headerlink" title="基本"></a>基本</h2><p>大小写敏感</p>
<p>用#注释</p>
<p>用<code>a: b</code>代表一对键值对</p>
<p>注意：冒号之后有一个空格</p>
<p>用空格代表层级，如：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">a:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">b:</span> <span class="string">c</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">d:</span> <span class="string">e</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">f:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">g:</span> <span class="string">h</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">i:</span> <span class="string">j</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>空格相同的就是同一层级</p>
<p>空格数不限，但是同一级空格数必须相同</p>
<p>理论上不允许用tab缩进</p>
<p>行内写法：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">a:</span> {<span class="attr">b:</span> <span class="string">c</span>,<span class="attr">d:</span> <span class="string">e</span>}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>不能有两个相同的key</p>
<h2 id="值写法"><a href="#值写法" class="headerlink" title="值写法"></a>值写法</h2><p>字符串不用加双引号、单引号</p>
<p>双引号表示不转义其中的字符，单引号反之</p>
<h2 id="数组"><a href="#数组" class="headerlink" title="数组"></a>数组</h2><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">a:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="string">b</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="string">c</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>行内写法：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">a:</span> [<span class="string">b</span>,<span class="string">c</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a>其他</h2><h3 id="强制类型转换"><a href="#强制类型转换" class="headerlink" title="强制类型转换"></a>强制类型转换</h3><p><code>a: !!str b</code>将<code>b</code>强制转换成字符串</p>
<h3 id="指针"><a href="#指针" class="headerlink" title="指针"></a>指针</h3><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">father:</span> <span class="meta">&father1</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">a</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">monitor:</span> <span class="meta">*father</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="开头结尾"><a href="#开头结尾" class="headerlink" title="开头结尾"></a>开头结尾</h3><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">开头</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">---</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">...</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">结尾</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h2><ol>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Mj411f7Mw">【教程】十分钟让你了解yaml - 轩脉刃de刀光剑影</a></p>
</li>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yD4y1D7wG">YAML配置文件的写法</a></p>
</li>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML">YAML-维基百科</a></p>
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<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://yaml.org/">yaml.org</a></p>
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<h1 id="Markdown速查"><a href="#Markdown速查" class="headerlink" title="Markdown速查"></a>Markdown速查</h1><p>可加HTML</p>
<p>一般行之间需加空行，要不然会连在一起</p>
<h2 id="例子"><a href="#例子" class="headerlink" title="例子"></a>例子</h2><figure class="highlight markdown"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section"># 一级标题 //#和文字间要有空格</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">## 二级标题</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">### 三级标题</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">... //后面+空格加标题，n个#n级,最多6级</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//超链接</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">文字</span>](<span class="link">url</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="code"> ```语言//Markdown对语言名的支持很强大，比如c++既可以写成cpp又可以写成c++，且大小写不敏感</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="code"> //此处不用空行</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="code"> 代码块</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="code"> //此处也不用空行</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>4.</p>
<p><code>行内语句</code></p>
<p>5.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>引用 //引用可嵌套，或者说多重引用</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>然<br>//这里不要空行，空行会隔开</p>
<blockquote>
<p>并<br>//同理，这里也不需要</p>
<blockquote>
<p>卵</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>直接这样也可</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>6.</p>
<p>— //分割线，上下不需空行</p>
<p>7.</p>
<p>| j\i | 1 | 2 | …… | c |<br>| — | — | — | — | — |//第二行必须这样|-|-|并且格数与第一行相同<br>| 1（底） |||||<br>| 2 | ||||<br>| …… |||||<br>| n（顶） ||||最终解|</p>
<p>8.</p>
<p>9.</p>
<p><em>斜体</em></p>
<p>10.</p>
<p><strong>粗体</strong> //<strong><em>粗斜体</em></strong>，符号间不加空格</p>
<p>11.</p>
<p><del>删除线</del></p>
<p>12.</p>
<p>//<br>//图片alt就是显示在图片下面的文字，相当于对图片内容的解释。<br>//图片title是图片的标题，当鼠标移到图片上时显示的内容。title可加可不加</p>
<p><img src="https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFvHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=702257389,1274025419&fm=27&gp=0.jpg" alt="blockchain" title="区块链"></p>
<p>13.</p>
<p>//列表：<br>//用 - + * 任何一种都可以<br>//有序列表数字加”.”<br>//上级与下级之间加三个空格或tab<br>//不用空行</p>
<ul>
<li>What<ul>
<li>the<ul>
<li>f</li>
<li>u</li>
<li>c</li>
<li>k?</li>
</ul>
</li>