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<h1 id="dva-学习笔记"><a href="#dva-学习笔记" class="headerlink" title="dva 学习笔记"></a><code>dva</code> 学习笔记</h1><p><a href="https://github.com/LbhFront-end/learn-dva"><code>dva</code> 学习笔记 代码</a></p>
<h2 id="3-入门课"><a href="#3-入门课" class="headerlink" title="3.入门课"></a>3.入门课</h2><h2 id="React-没有有解决的问题"><a href="#React-没有有解决的问题" class="headerlink" title="React 没有有解决的问题"></a><code>React</code> 没有有解决的问题</h2><p><code>React</code> 本身只是一个 <code>DOM</code> 的抽象层，使用组件构建虚拟 <code>DOM</code><br>开发大应用要解决的问题<br>通信：组件之间如何通信<br>数据流：数据如何和视图串联起来？ 路由和数据如何绑定？ 如何编写异步逻辑？</p>
<h2 id="通信问题"><a href="#通信问题" class="headerlink" title="通信问题"></a>通信问题</h2><p>组件会发生三种通信<br>想子组件发消息<br>向父组件发消息<br>向其他组件发消息 </p>
<p><code>React</code> 只提供了一种通信手段：传参 </p>
<h3 id="组件通信的例子"><a href="#组件通信的例子" class="headerlink" title="组件通信的例子"></a>组件通信的例子</h3><p><code>step 1</code><br>父组件拿到子组件的值</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Son extends React.Component {</span><br><span class="line"> render(){</span><br><span class="line"> return <input />;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">class Father extends React.Compoent {</span><br><span class="line"> render() {</span><br><span class="line"> return <div></span><br><span class="line"> <Son /></span><br><span class="line"> <p> 这里显示 Son 组件的内容</span><br><span class="line"> </div>；</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">ReactDOM.render(<Father>,mountNode);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>step 2</code><br>子组件通过父组件传入的函数，将自己的值再传回父组件</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Son extends React.Component {</span><br><span class="line"> render() {</span><br><span class="line"> return <input onChange = { this.props.onChange }></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">class Father extends React.Component {</span><br><span class="line"> constructor() {</span><br><span class="line"> super();</span><br><span class="line"> this.state = {</span><br><span class="line"> son: ""</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> this.changeHandler = this.changeHandler.bind(this);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> changeHandler(e){</span><br><span class="line"> this.SetState({ son: e.target.value });</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> render() {</span><br><span class="line"> return <div></span><br><span class="line"> <Son onChange = { changeHandler }></span><br><span class="line"> <p>这里展示 Son 组件的内容 { this.state.son }</p></span><br><span class="line"> </div></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="数据流问题"><a href="#数据流问题" class="headerlink" title="数据流问题"></a>数据流问题</h2><p>数据流方案<br><code>Flux</code> ，单项数据流方案， <code>Redux</code> 为代表<br><code>Reactive</code> ,响应式数据流方案 <code>Mobx</code> 为代表 </p>
<h3 id="流行的数据流方案"><a href="#流行的数据流方案" class="headerlink" title="流行的数据流方案"></a>流行的数据流方案</h3><p>路由： <code>React-Router</code><br>架构： <code>Redux</code><br>异步操作： <code>Readux-saga</code><br>缺点：引入多个库，项目结构复杂 </p>
<h3 id="dva-是什么"><a href="#dva-是什么" class="headerlink" title="dva 是什么"></a><code>dva</code> 是什么</h3><p><code>dva</code> 是体验技术部开发的 <code>React</code> 应用框架，将上面三个 <code>React</code> 工具库包装在一起，简化了 <code>API</code> ,让开发 <code>React</code> 应用更加快捷和方便<br>`dva = React-Router + Redux + Readux -saga</p>
<h3 id="dva-应用的最简结构"><a href="#dva-应用的最简结构" class="headerlink" title="dva 应用的最简结构"></a><code>dva</code> 应用的最简结构</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import dva from 'dva';</span><br><span class="line">const App = () => <div> Hello dva</div>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//创建应用</span><br><span class="line">const app = dva();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//注册视图</span><br><span class="line">app.router( () => <App/>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//启动应用</span><br><span class="line">app.start('#root');</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="数据流图"><a href="#数据流图" class="headerlink" title="数据流图"></a>数据流图</h3><p><code>State</code> ===(<strong>connect</strong>)== <code>View</code> ==(<strong>dispatch</strong>)== <code>Action</code> == <code>State</code></p>
<p><code>State</code> : 一个对象，保存这个应用状态<br><code>View</code> : <code>React</code> 组件构成的视图层<br><code>Action</code> : 一个对象，描述事件<br><code>connect</code>方法 : 一个函数，绑定 <code>State</code> 到 <code>View</code><br><code>dispatch</code> 方法 : 一个函数，发送 <code>Action</code> 到 <code>State</code> </p>
<h3 id="State-和-view"><a href="#State-和-view" class="headerlink" title="State 和 view"></a><code>State</code> 和 <code>view</code></h3><p><code>State</code> 是存储数据的地方，收到 <code>Action</code> 后，就会更新数据<br><code>View</code> 是 <code>React</code> 组件构成的 <code>UI</code> 层，从 <code>State</code> 获取到数据后，就渲染成 <code>HTML</code> 代码。只要 <code>State</code> 有变化， <code>View</code> 就会自动更新</p>
<h2 id="Action"><a href="#Action" class="headerlink" title="Action"></a>Action</h2><p><code>Action</code> 是用来描述 <code>UI</code> 层事件的一个对象 </p>
<blockquote>
<p>{ type:’click-submit-button’, payload: this.form.data }</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="connect-方法"><a href="#connect-方法" class="headerlink" title="connect 方法"></a><code>connect</code> 方法</h3><p><code>connect</code> 是一个函数，绑定 <code>State</code> 到 <code>View</code> </p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import { connect } from 'dva'</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">function mapStateToProps(state) {</span><br><span class="line"> return { todos: state.todos };</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">connect(mapStateToProps)(App);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>connect</code> 方法返回的也是一个 <code>React</code> 组件，通常称为容器组件，因为它是原始的 <code>UI</code> 组件的容器，即在外面包了一层 <code>State</code><br><code>connect</code> 方法传入的第一个参数是 <code>mapStateToProps</code> 函数， <code>mapStateToprops</code> 函数会返回一个对象，用于建立 <code>State</code> 到 <code>Props</code> 的映射关系</p>
<h3 id="dispatch-方法"><a href="#dispatch-方法" class="headerlink" title="dispatch 方法"></a><code>dispatch</code> 方法</h3><p><code>dispatch</code> 是一个函数方法，用来将 <code>Action</code> 发送给 <code>State</code></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dispatch({ type:'click-submit', payload: this.form.data })</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>被 <code>connect</code> 的 <code>Component</code> 会自动在 <code>props</code> 中拥有 <code>dispatch</code> 方法</p>
<h2 id="dva-应用的最简结构（带-model）"><a href="#dva-应用的最简结构（带-model）" class="headerlink" title="dva 应用的最简结构（带 model）"></a><code>dva</code> 应用的最简结构（带 <code>model</code>）</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// 创建应用</span><br><span class="line">const app = dva();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 注册 Model</span><br><span class="line">app.model({</span><br><span class="line"> namespace: 'count',</span><br><span class="line"> state: 0,</span><br><span class="line"> reducers: {</span><br><span class="line"> add(state) { return state + 1},</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> effects: {</span><br><span class="line"> *addAfterSecond(action, (call, put)){</span><br><span class="line"> yield call(delay,1000);</span><br><span class="line"> yield put({ type: 'add'});</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 注册视图</span><br><span class="line">app.router( () => <ConnectedApp />);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 启动应用</span><br><span class="line">app.start('#root');</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="app-model"><a href="#app-model" class="headerlink" title="app.model"></a><code>app.model</code></h3><p><code>dva</code> 提供 <code>app.model</code> 这个对象，所有应用逻辑都定义在它上面</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const app = dva();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 新增这一行</span><br><span class="line">app.model({ /**/});</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">app.router( () => <App/>);</span><br><span class="line">app.start('#root');</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Model-对象的例子"><a href="#Model-对象的例子" class="headerlink" title="Model 对象的例子"></a><code>Model</code> 对象的例子</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> namespace: 'count',</span><br><span class="line"> state: 0,</span><br><span class="line"> reducers: {</span><br><span class="line"> add(state) { return state + 1 },</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> effects: {</span><br><span class="line"> *addAfter1Second(action, { call,put }) {</span><br><span class="line"> yield call(delay,1000);</span><br><span class="line"> yield put({ type: 'add'});</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Model-对象的属性"><a href="#Model-对象的属性" class="headerlink" title="Model 对象的属性"></a><code>Model</code> 对象的属性</h3><p><code>namespace</code>: 当前 <code>Model</code> 的名称，整个应用的 <code>State</code> ，由多个小的 <code>Model</code> 的 <code>State</code> 以 <code>namespace</code> 为 <code>key</code> 合成<br><code>state</code>: 该 <code>Model</code> 当前的状态。数据保存在这里，直接决定了视图层的输出<br><code>reducers</code>: <code>Action</code> 处理器，处理同步动作，用来算出最新的 <code>state</code><br><code>effects</code>: <code>Action</code> 处理器，处理异步动作</p>
<h4 id="Reducer"><a href="#Reducer" class="headerlink" title="Reducer"></a><code>Reducer</code></h4><p><code>Reducer</code> 是 <code>Action</code> 处理器，用来处理同步操作，可以看做是 <code>state</code> 的计算器，它的作用是根据 <code>Action</code> ，从上一个 <code>State</code> 算出当前的 <code>State</code><br>例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// count + 1</span><br><span class="line">function add(state) { return state + 1; }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//往 [] 里添加一个新的 todo</span><br><span class="line">function addTodo(state, action){ return [...state, action.payload]; }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//往 { todos: [], loading: true } 里添加一个新的 todo,并标记 loading 为 false</span><br><span class="line">function addTodo(state, action){</span><br><span class="line"> return {</span><br><span class="line"> ...state,</span><br><span class="line"> todos: state.todos.concat(action.payload),</span><br><span class="line"> loading: false</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="Effect"><a href="#Effect" class="headerlink" title="Effect"></a><code>Effect</code></h4><p><code>Action</code> 处理器，处理异步动作，基于 <code>Redux-sga</code> 实现。 <code>Effect</code> 指的是副作用。根据函数式编程，计算以外的操作都属于 <code>Effect</code> ，典型的就是 <code>I/O</code> 操作，数据库读写</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">function *addAfter1Second(action. { put, all}) {</span><br><span class="line"> yield(delay, 1000);</span><br><span class="line"> yield put({ type: 'add'});</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Generator-函数"><a href="#Generator-函数" class="headerlink" title="Generator 函数"></a><code>Generator</code> 函数</h3><p><code>Effect</code> 是一个 <code>Generator</code> 函数，内部使用 <code>yield</code> 关键字，标识每一步的操作 （无论同步或者是异步）</p>
<h3 id="call-和-put"><a href="#call-和-put" class="headerlink" title="call 和 put"></a><code>call</code> 和 <code>put</code></h3><p><code>dva</code> 提供多个 <code>effect</code> 函数内部的处理函数，比较常用的是 <code>call</code> 和 <code>put</code></p>
<h2 id="总例子"><a href="#总例子" class="headerlink" title=" 总例子"></a> 总例子</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">app.model({</span><br><span class="line"> namespace: 'count';</span><br><span class="line"> state: {</span><br><span class="line"> record: 0,</span><br><span class="line"> current: 0,</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> reducers: {</span><br><span class="line"> add(state) {</span><br><span class="line"> const newCurrent = state.current + 1;</span><br><span class="line"> return {</span><br><span class="line"> ...state,</span><br><span class="line"> record: newCurrent > state.record ? newCurrent: state.record,</span><br><span class="line"> current: newCurrent,</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> minus(state) {</span><br><span class="line"> return { ...state, current: state.current - 1};</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> effects: {</span><br><span class="line"> *add(action ,{ call ,put}){</span><br><span class="line"> yield call( delay ,1000);</span><br><span class="line"> yield put({ type: 'minus'});</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> subscriptions: {</span><br><span class="line"> keyboardWatcher({ dispatch }) {</span><br><span class="line"> key( '⌘+up, ctrl+up', () => { dispatch({ type:'add'})});</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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