exercises

Author: ZabihollahNamazi

sprint5-prep-exercises/Why_we_use_types.py

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+def double(value): return value * 2
+
+
+
+def fix_double(value):
+    return int(value) * 2
+
+print(double("22"))
+print(fix_double("22"))
+
+#it returns "2222" -|> * works with string and it repeats it but "/" does not work with string
+# fix_double returns 44 becouse we converted the string to number

sprint5-prep-exercises/classes_and_objects.py

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+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int, preferred_operating_system: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age
+        self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+
+def is_adult(person: Person) -> bool:
+    return person.age >= 18
+
+def print_email(person: Person) -> None:
+    return person.email
+
+imran = Person("Imran", 22, "Ubuntu")
+print(imran.name)
+#print(imran.address) doesnt worrk becuase there no address atribute
+
+eliza = Person("Eliza", 34, "Arch Linux")
+print(eliza.name)
+#print(eliza.address) doesnt worrk becuase there no address atribute
+
+print(is_adult(imran))
+
+#print(print_email(imran)) there is no email atribute

sprint5-prep-exercises/dataclasses_person.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import date
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    dob: date
+    preferred_operating_system: str
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        today = date.today()
+        
+        age = today.year - self.dob.year
+        
+        # adjust if birthday hasn’t happened yet this year
+        if (today.month, today.day) < (self.dob.month, self.dob.day):
+            age -= 1
+        
+        return age >= 18
+    
+
+imran = Person("Imran", date(2003, 5, 10), "Ubuntu")
+
+print(imran)
+print(imran.is_adult())

sprint5-prep-exercises/double.py

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+def double(number):
+    return number * 3
+
+def fix_double(number):
+    return number * 2
+
+print(double(10))
+print(fix_double(10))
+
+#it wants double so we multiply by 2

sprint5-prep-exercises/enums.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import List
+import sys
+
+class OperatingSystem(Enum):
+    MACOS = "macOS"
+    ARCH = "Arch Linux"
+    UBUNTU = "Ubuntu"
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_system: OperatingSystem
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    manufacturer: str
+    model: str
+    screen_size_in_inches: float
+    operating_system: OperatingSystem
+
+
+def find_possible_laptops(laptops: List[Laptop], person: Person) -> List[Laptop]:
+    possible_laptops = []
+    for laptop in laptops:
+        if laptop.operating_system == person.preferred_operating_system:
+            possible_laptops.append(laptop)
+    return possible_laptops
+
+
+
+laptops = [
+    Laptop(id=1, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system=OperatingSystem.ARCH),
+    Laptop(id=2, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+    Laptop(id=3, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+    Laptop(id=4, manufacturer="Apple", model="macBook", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system=OperatingSystem.MACOS),
+]
+
+
+name = input("Enter your name: ")
+
+try:
+    age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
+except ValueError:
+    print("Invalid age. Must be number!", file=sys.stderr)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+os_input = input("Enter preferred OS (macOS / Arch Linux / Ubuntu): ")
+
+try:
+    preferred_os = OperatingSystem(os_input)
+except ValueError:
+    print("Invalid operating system.", file=sys.stderr)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+person = Person(name=name, age=age, preferred_operating_system=preferred_os)
+
+matching = find_possible_laptops(laptops, person)
+
+print(f"\nWe have {len(matching)} laptop(s) with {person.preferred_operating_system.value}.")
+
+# Compare with other OS availability
+os_counts = {}
+
+for laptop in laptops:
+    os_counts[laptop.operating_system] = os_counts.get(laptop.operating_system, 0) + 1
+
+best_os = max(os_counts, key=os_counts.get)
+
+if best_os != person.preferred_operating_system:
+    print(
+        f"If you're flexible, {best_os.value} has more laptops available "
+        f"({os_counts[best_os]} total)."
+    )

sprint5-prep-exercises/generics.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    children: List["Person"]
+
+fatma = Person(name="Fatma", age=10, children=[])
+aisha = Person(name="Aisha", age=12, children=[])
+
+imran = Person(name="Imran", age=50, children=[fatma, aisha])
+
+def print_family_tree(person: Person) -> None:
+    print(person.name)
+    for child in person.children:
+        print(f"- {child.name} ({child.age})")
+
+print_family_tree(imran)

sprint5-prep-exercises/inheritance.py

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+class Parent:
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        self.first_name = first_name
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_name(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}"
+
+
+class Child(Parent):
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
+        self.previous_last_names = []
+
+    def change_last_name(self, last_name) -> None:
+        self.previous_last_names.append(self.last_name)
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_full_name(self) -> str:
+        suffix = ""
+        if len(self.previous_last_names) > 0:
+            suffix = f" (née {self.previous_last_names[0]})"
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}{suffix}"
+
+
+
+
+# create Child object
+person1 = Child("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+# expected state:
+# first_name = Elizaveta
+# last_name = Alekseeva
+# previous_last_names = []
+
+print(person1.get_name())
+# exxpected: "Elizaveta Alekseeva"
+
+print(person1.get_full_name())
+# expected: "Elizaveta Alekseeva"
+# (no previous last names yet)
+
+person1.change_last_name("Tyurina")
+# Expected state update:
+# previous_last_names = ["Alekseeva"]
+# last_name = "Tyurina"
+
+print(person1.get_name())
+# expected: "Elizaveta Tyurina"
+
+print(person1.get_full_name())
+# expected: "Elizaveta Tyurina (née Alekseeva)"
+
+
+
+# Parent object
+
+person2 = Parent("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+
+print(person2.get_name())
+# expected: "Elizaveta Alekseeva"
+
+print(person2.get_full_name())
+# error: Parent has no method get_full_name
+
+# program stops here 
+
+# these lines will NOT run:
+# person2.change_last_name("Tyurina")  # AttributeError
+# print(person2.get_name())
+# print(person2.get_full_name())

sprint5-prep-exercises/methods.py

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+
+
+from datetime import date
+
+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, dob: date, preferred_operating_system: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.dob = dob
+        self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        today = date.today()
+        
+        age = today.year - self.dob.year
+        
+        # adjust if birthday hasn’t happened yet this year
+        if (today.month, today.day) < (self.dob.month, self.dob.day):
+            age -= 1
+        
+        return age >= 18

sprint5-prep-exercises/type_gides_with_mypy.py

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+from typing import Dict
+
+def open_account(balances: Dict[str, int], name: str, amount: int) -> None:
+    balances[name] = amount
+
+def sum_balances(accounts: Dict[str, int]) -> int:
+    total = 0
+    for name, pence in accounts.items():
+        print(f"{name} had balance {pence}")
+        total += pence
+    return total
+
+def format_pence_as_string(total_pence: int) -> str:
+    if total_pence < 100:
+        return f"{total_pence}p"
+    pounds = total_pence // 100
+    pence = total_pence % 100
+    return f"£{pounds}.{pence:02d}"
+
+
+balances: Dict[str, int] = {
+    "Sima": 700,
+    "Linn": 545,
+    "Georg": 831,
+}
+
+# ✅ correct calls
+open_account(balances, "Tobi", 913)
+open_account(balances, "Olya", 713)
+
+total_pence = sum_balances(balances)
+total_string = format_pence_as_string(total_pence)
+
+print(f"The bank accounts total {total_string}")

sprint5-prep-exercises/type_guided_refactorings.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_systems: List[str]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    manufacturer: str
+    model: str
+    screen_size_in_inches: float
+    operating_system: str
+
+
+def find_possible_laptops(laptops: List[Laptop], person: Person) -> List[Laptop]:
+    possible_laptops = []
+    for laptop in laptops:
+        if laptop.operating_system in person.preferred_operating_systems:
+            possible_laptops.append(laptop)
+    return possible_laptops
+
+
+people = [
+    Person(name="Imran", age=22, preferred_operating_systems=["Ubuntu"]),
+    Person(name="Eliza", age=34, preferred_operating_systems=["Arch Linux"]),
+]
+
+laptops = [
+    Laptop(1, "Dell", "XPS", 13, "Arch Linux"),
+    Laptop(2, "Dell", "XPS", 15, "Ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(3, "Dell", "XPS", 15, "ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(4, "Apple", "macBook", 13, "macOS"),
+]
+
+for person in people:
+    possible_laptops = find_possible_laptops(laptops, person)
+    print(f"Possible laptops for {person.name}: {possible_laptops}")